E
Eberth, Ingeborg
Ehrenburg, Ilya: The Single Front
Ekman, Carl Gustav
Enron (company)
Ericsson, L. M. & Co.
Ernst & Ernst (US accountants)
Ernst, Alwin
Ernst, Theodore
Estonia
F
Fairbanks, Douglas
Fairburn, W. A.
Ferber, Edna
film industry: IK’s interests in
Financial Times
Fisher, Irving
France: seeks post-war loans; match monopoly; deals with Morgan; IK offers loan for match deal; repays loan to IK
Frankfurter, Felix
Franklin, Benjamin
Fuld, Richard
Fuller Construction Company, New York
G
Garanta (N. V. Maatschappij Garanta); audit
Garbo, Greta (née Gustafson): IK’s friendship with; films; plays in The Kiss; on travel by sea; and IK’s speedboats; contract with MGM; and IK’s supposed escape
General Motors: share value; and Lee Higginson
Germany: IK negotiates loan; and fiscal monopolies; deals with Morgan; defaults on war reparations; and Young plan; trade relations with Russia; bonds exchanged against Italian securities
Gershwin, George: Rhapsody in Blue
Gilbert, Parker
Glowacki, Marjam
gold debentures: for International Match
Goldman Sachs (US bank)
Gore, Albert, Sr
Grängesberg iron mines (Sweden)
Grayson, Admiral Cary T.
Great Crash (1929)
Greece
Grünewald, Isaac
Guatemala
Guggenheim family
Gustaf V Adolf, King of Sweden
H
Harding, Warren G.: presidency; death
Hellner, Johannes
Henie, Sonja
Hennig, Sigard
Hibma, O.
Higginson & Co. (London bank)
Higginson, George
Higginson, Henry Lee
Higginson, T. L., Jr
Hilferding, Rudolf
Hirsch Lilienthal (brokers)
Hitler, Adolf
Hoffman, Ernst August
Holland: no currency controls
Homeric (Ship)
Hoover, Herbert: IK advises; as Secretary of Commerce; on US economy; IK’s relations with; and IK’s German loan
Huldt, Sven
Hungary
I
Ile de France (ship)
Insull, Samuel
International Match Corporation: formed and financed; gold debentures; money transferred from USA; IK controls; taxes; board of directors; US audit of; pays money over to Swedish Match; Wisconsin authorities question; financial statements; participating preferred shares; redeems gold debentures at profit; loan to and agreements with Poland; lacks cash; and control of Garanta; and increase in smoking; annual meetings; fails to disclose commissions to Lee Higg; undisclosed assets; listing on New York Stock Exchange; and loan to France; convertible debenture derivative; Metropolitan Life invests in; sources of income; Durant suggests reporting lower profits; and transfer of Swedish Match profits; share price falls; dividend increased; and German loan; advances to foreign governments; Durant agrees to raise extra funds for; Durants dissatisfaction with reports; IK sends directors confidential memorandum; subsidiaries; German bonds; lacks assets; condition at IK’s death
International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (IT & T); dividend payments
Italy: and fiscal monopolies; deals with Morgan; IK negotiates with; IK forges Treasury Bills
J
Jönköping Vulcan Trust
Jordahl, Anders: business in New York with IK; relations with IK; works for Kreuger & Toll; and US auditing of IK’s companies; and International Match’s financial statements; in Stockholm for opening of Match Palace; influence on IK; and IK’s trading through Aminoff; IK transfers debentures to; final letters to IK; later lawsuits; and IK’s supposed escape
Jordahl, Mary
K
Kahn, Julius
Kalmar, Sweden
Keynes, John Maynard
Kiss, The (film)
Körkarlen (film)
Kreuger & Toll Building Company
Kreuger & Toll (company): as IK’s public holding company; capital; financial statements; pays dividends; formed; businesses; Durant favours; fixed-date completion agreements; Toll’s role reduced; profits and obligations; International Match funds transferred to; construction work; and convertible debenture derivatives; as source of money; share values; Durant approves new share issues; Durant questions auditing; issues American Certificates; IK’s debt to; and Italian contract; Hennig suspects fraud; IK issues report on 1931 profits; securities traded at IK’s death; balance sheet declared misrepresentative; condition after IK’s death; American Certificates burned
Kreuger, Britta (IK’s sister)
Kreuger, Ernst August (IK’s father)
Kreuger, Ivar: appearance and dress; conversation; travels to USA; charm and personal magnetism; invests in safety match; family background; early career in construction; conduct of business meetings; interest in film industry; property holdings; financial successes and achievements; earlier financial ventures in USA; proposes match monopolies scheme in Europe to Lee Higg; early love life and disappointment; takes over competitors in Sweden; social life and reputation; employees and staff; friendships and intimates; multiple financial interests; raises funds; and off balance sheet financing; accounting techniques; gambles on foreign currencies; investigated by Swedish Bank Inspection Board; wealth; and US audit of International Match; and International Match’s financial statements; granted increased powers by directors of International Match; and national match monopolies; acquires rubber stamps of signatures; reluctance to lose control of companies to shareholders; reluctance to sell common shares; introduces B-Shares; and control of Garanta directors; private Stocholm home (Villagatan); diet and eating habits; memory; personal habits; secrecy over factories and production methods; and US inspection of Swedish factories and operations; claims International Match’s financial statements understate profits; confides in Berning; offers loan to France for match deal; devises convertible debenture derivatives; honors; purchases other businesses and real estate; tax payments; in Silence Room of Match Palace; and listing of International Match on New York Stock Exchange; personality change; mental state; gifts to Berning; Saturday Evening Post cover story on; interests in Germany; and stock market crash (1929); agrees to guarantee American Certificates; negotiates German loan; lectures; caginess over company profits; maintains reputation; prints Italian Treasury bills; forges signatures on Italian bills; transfers fund between different separate companies; under strain; negotiates merger of Ericsson and IT & T; wins control of L. M. Ericsson; blames short sellers for fall in share values; securities plummet (1931); considers suicide; New York penthouse; collapse; holds high value Italian bills; business interests and foreign loans; returns to Europe on Ile de France; buys pistol; relations with women; suicide; affairs investigated after death; private apartments and possessions sold; creditors; posthumous reputation; murder theory; escape theory
Kreuger, Jenny (IK’s mother)
Kreuger, Torsten (IK’s brother): birth; role in IK’s operations; as IK’s confidante; registers company in Liechtenstein; operations in Poland; in Stockholm for opening of Match Palace; sentenced to hard labor; claims brother murdered; The Truth About Ivar Kreuger
Kuhn Loeb & Co. (US bank)
L
Lagerkrantz, Gustav
Lagerlöf, Selma
La Guardia, Fiorella
Lamont, Thomas W.
Landgren, Eric
Lange, Karl
Latvia
Laval, Pierre
Law, John
Lee Higginson & Co. (US bank; ‘Lee Higg’): and appointment of Du
rant; IK opens account with; character; elects Durant partner; and IK’s scheme to advance loans to European governments; and loans to foreign governments; unaware of IK’s Swedish difficulties; and audit of International Match; and International Match’s financial statements; and International Match’s preferred shares; and IK’s Polish deal; and International Match’s gold debenture shares; sells B- Shares in Swedish Match; and Berning’s adjusted figures for Wisconsin investigators; vouches for listed companies; objects to term monopoly in International Match report; and IK’s Swedish audit; supports IK’s application for listing on New York Stock Exchange; and IK’s negotiations with Germans; and great crash (1929); and Kreuger and Toll’s American Certificates; and IK’s Italian negotiations; and IK’s put back pledge; IK pays fee for financial advisor services; and IK’s inconsistent figures; and IK’s fall; extends four million dollar loan; and IK’s suicide; on condition of IK’s companies at death; liquidation; insolvency; inadequate questioning of IK
Lee, John
Lefèvre, Edwin: Reminiscences of a Stock Operator
Lehman Brothers (bankers)
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
Liechtenstein
Liljefors, Bruno
Lithuania
Littorin, Krister: joins Kreuger & Toll; as director of International Match; as IK’s confidante; as president of Swedish Match; and Berning’s visit to Stockholm; and Bawl Street Journal; in Match Palace; and IK’s personality change; and IK’s Italian deal; and stock market crash; and Durant’s request for figures; raises credit for IK; finds IK’s Italian treasury bills; meets IK in Paris (1932); and IK’s death
Livermore, Jesse
Lowell, A. Lawrence
M
MacDonald, Ramsay
Madoff, Bernard L.
McNamee, Graham
McNeel’s (investment analysts)
Majestic (ship)
Manila
Marcosson, Isaac F.
Marias, Baron Emile du
Match King, The (film)
matches (safety): IK’s investment in; invention and development; manufacture and marketing in USA; IK proposes European monopoly scheme to Lee Higg; competitive industry; national monopolies
Mauretania (ship)
May, George O.
Mayer, Louis B.
Mellon, Andrew: as US Treasury Secretary; friendship with Harding
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (Met Life)
Mexico
Milken, Michael
Milles, Carl
Mississippi Scheme
Mitchell, Charles
Mönsteras Matchworks, Sweden
Morgan, Jack: qualities; paranoia; inherits father’s business; status; and French loan; and German post-war economy; and design of new yacht; Presidency of Harvard Alumni; and great crash (1929); and IK’s financial dominance; and IK’s German loan; and IK’s attempted deal with Italy; tensions with IK; and Italian loan; and IK’s death
Morgan, John Pierpont
Morgan, J. P. & Co. (banking house)
Morgan, Junius
Mosconi, Antonio
Mouter, Marius
Murnane, George
Mussolini, Benito
N
Narutowicz, Gabriel
National Biscuit Company
National City bank
Nederlandish Bank
New York Stock Exchange: activities; rules; Livermore trades on; Wall Street; shrapnel bomb explodes (1920); IK’s social life in; and International Match shares; lists IK’s securities; and company reports; and listing of International Match; share trading; and 1929 crash; reaction to IK’s death; criticized in investigation of IK’s affairs
New York Times
New York World
Norbeck, Senator Peter
Norris, Senator George
Norway
N. V. Maatschappij Garanta see Garanta
O
off balance sheet accounting
Ohio Match Company
O’Neill, Eugene
Oxford, Robert Harleyt Earl of
P
Panic, A (film)
Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation
Paribas (bank)
Parker, Dorothy
Peter the Tramp (film)
Pickford, Mary
Pius X, Pope
Poincaré, Raymond
Poland: IK seeks government loan and monopoly in; match manufacture and export; International Match loan to; IK makes second agreement wih; IK makes further deal with (1930)
Ponzi, Charles
Poole, J. B. (export broker)
Porter, Cole
Portugal
Post, Emily: Book of Etiquette
Price Waterhouse & Co. (accountants)
Primo de Rivera, Miguel
Proskauer, Judge Joseph M.
PUB (Stockholm store)
pyramid schemes
R
Radio Corporation of America (RCA): value of shares
Remick, William H.
Riksbank (Sweden)
Ripley, William Z.
Robinette, Edward B.
Rockefeller, John D., Sr
Rockefeller, John D.
Rockefeller, Percy A.
Röda Kvarn (Stockholm cinema)
Romania
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Rosenberg, Katharine von
Royal Baking Powder (US company)
Russia: cheap imports in Germany
Ruth, Babe
Rydbeck, Oscar
S
Saga of Gösta Berlin, The (film) Salter, Sir Arthur
Saturday Evening Post (magazine)
Schacht, Hjalmar
Schéle, Sune
Seatree, W. E.
Securities Act, 1933 (USA)
Securities Exchange Act, 1934 (USA)
Segerstråle, Torsten
Sequoia (yawl)
shareholders: voting rights
Siewerts, Siegred
Sillén, Oscar
Singer Manufacturing (US company)
Skandinaviska Kredit A.B.
Skilling, Jeff
Sleepy Hollow Country Club, Tarrytown
Sociedad Financiera de la Industria Española (SAFIE)
Soros, George
South Sea Company
Spain: and match monopoly; IK claims secret deal with; declines deal with IK; IK declares loan to
Standard Oil (company)
Steel Corporation (USA)
Stiller, Mauritz
Stinnes, Hugo
Stockholm: IK’s property in; City Hall; IK’s home in Villagatan; Match Palace; Berning stays in Grand Hotel; Olympic Games (1912)
Storrow, James, Jr
Stowell, Alice
Svenska Filmindustri (SF)
Svenska Handelsbanken
Svenska Revisions Aktiebolaget
Svenska Tändsticksaktiebolaget
Swan, Joseph R.
Sweden: develops safety match; regulators investigate IK and Swedish Match; banks invest in IK’s companies; IK’s factories and operations inspected by US businessman
Swedish Bank Inspection Board
Swedish Credit Bank
Swedish Match (corporation): output; investors; IK forms; Durant favors; Diamond Match seeks merger; holdings in International Match; Littorin appointed president; subsidiaries; profits and obligations; covert loans; and separate syndicate; investigated by Swedish regulators; International Match funds transferred to; investment in International Match; dividends; and European fiscal monopolies; common shares; and Polish agreement; payments to Garanta; US imports; sells to France; and IK’s loan to France; growth; deals in foreign countries; in Brazil; Berning requests accounts from Wendler; profits transferred with International Match; and German loan; financial statements; IK unable to pay shareholders; condition at IK’s death; recovers
Swedish Pulp Company
Switzerland: IK’s operations in
Syracuse University, New York state
T
Tengbom, Ivar Justus
Time magazine
Titanic (ship)
Toll, Paul
Turkey
U
United Founders Corporation
United States of America: IK travels to (1922); prosperity; investments and investors; lack of financial regulations; IK’s earlier financial ventures in; monopolies illegal in; Federal Reserve; literature and arts; property and land prices increase; smoking; business companies’ inadequate reports; lowers interest rates (1927); financial boom (1928/29); great crash (1929); investigates IK’s affairs after deaty; securities legislation
Untermyer,Samuel
V
Versailles, Treaty of (1919)
W
Waite, Wilma
Wall Street Journal
Wallenberg family
Wallenberg, Jacob, Sr
Warburgs (bank)
Warner Bros Pictures, Inc.
Wendler, Anton
Wheelright, Dr Joseph
White, William Allen
Whitney, George
Whyte, Frederic
William, Warren
Wilson, Woodrow
Wisconsin Railroad Commission
World Match Company (Canada)
The Match King Page 35
