Staines, Sir Thomas. “Account of the Descendants of Christian and Other Mutineers of the Bounty.” Naval Chronicle 33 (1815): 217-18.
Stark, Suzanne J. Female Tars: Women Aboard Ship in the Age of Sail. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1996.
Statements of the Loss of His Majesty’s New Ship the Bounty, W. Bligh, Esq., Commander, By a Conspiracy of the Crew; including the Wonderful Escape of the Captain and about Twelve Men in an Open Pinnace; also, the Adventures of the Mutineers, As Communicated by Lieutenant Christian the Ringleader, to a Relation in England. London: T. Tegg, 1800.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sir Sidney Lee, eds. The Dictionary of National Biography, Founded in 1882 by George Smith. 22 vols. London: Oxford University Press, 1917.
Steuart, A. Francis. “Orkney News from the Letter-Bag of Mr. Charles Steuart.” Old-lore Miscellany of Orkney, Shetland, Caithness and Sutherland 6 (1913): 41-49; 101-9.
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———. “Pitcairn’s Island—The Bounty’s Crew,” United Service Journal (1829), part 1: 589-93.
Tench, Watkin. A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, in New South Wales, including an accurate description of the situation of the colony; of the natives; and of its natural productions: taken on the spot, by Captain Watkin Tench. London: G. Nicol, 1793.
Terrill, Anne Elizabeth. Memorials of a Family in England and Virginia, A.D. 1771-1851. London: Hazell, Watson, & Viney, 1887.
Thompson, Edward. Sailor’s Letters, Written to His Select Friends in England, During his Voyages and Travels in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, from the year 1754 to 1759. 2 ed., corrected. 2 vols. London: T. Becket & P. A. de Hondt; W. Flexney; and C. Moran, 1767.
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Wahlroos, Sven. Mutiny and Romance in the South Seas: A Companion to the Bounty Adventure . Topsfield, Mass.: Salem House, 1989.
Wales, William. Remarks on Mr. Forster’s Account of Captain Cook’s last Voyage round the World, in the Years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775. London: J. Nourse, 1778.
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Wilkinson, Isaac. Poetical Works. Cockermouth, Cumbria: Edward Banks, 1824.
William Whellan & Co. History, Topography, and Directory of Northumberland, comprising a general survey of the county, and a history of the town and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with separate historical, statistical, and descriptive sketches of the boroughs of Gateshead and Berwick-upon-Tweed, and all the towns . . . wards, and manors. To which is subjoined a list of the seats of the nobility and gentry. London: Whittaker and Co., 1855.
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Wilson, William, and James Wilson. A Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, performed in the Years 1796, 1797, 1798, in the Ship Duff, Commanded by Captain James Wilson. Comp. from Journals of the Officers and the Missionaries; and Illustrated with Maps, Charts, and Views, Drawn by Mr. William Wilson, and engraved by the most eminent Artists. With a preliminary discourse on the geography and history of the South Sea islands; and an appendix, including details never before published, of the natural and civil state of Otaheite; by a committee appointed for the purpose by the directors of the Missionary society. London: S. Gosnell for T. Chapman, 1799.
“W. L.” “Letter to Mr. Urban,” Gentlemen’s Magazine (December 1792): 1097-98.
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Wordsworth, William. Letter to Weekly Entertainer, November 1796, 377.
———. The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth. 5 vols. 1940-1949. Reprinted from corrected sheets of the first edition. Vols. 2 and 3, second edition; vols. 3, 4, and 5 edited by E. de Selincourt and Helen Darbishire. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963-1966.
———. The Prelude, or, Growth of a Poet’s Mind: An Autobiographical Poem. London: E. Moxon, 1850.
X. Y. Z. [pseud.]. “Letter to the Editor.” United Service Journal (1829), part 2: 366-67.
Young, Sir George, 3rd Bart. Young of Formosa. Reading, Berks., 1927.
Young, Rosalind Amelia. Mutiny of the Bounty and the story of Pitcairn Island, 1790-1894. 3d ed. Oakland, Calif.: Pacific Press, 1894.
MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS
Aberdeen Chronicle, April 15, 1815.
British Mercury, no. 20 (May 15, 1790): 212.
Bury and Norwich Post; or, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridge, Ely, and Norfolk Telegraph. (Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk), January 16, 1822.
Caledonian Mercury (Edinburgh), December 10, 1792.
Cumberland Pacquet and Ware’s Whitehaven Advertiser, October 19, 1779.
Diary, or, Woodfall’s Register (London), May 11 and 29, 1790; June 4, 1790; October 31, 1792.
Eastern Daily Press (Norfolk), October 13, 2000: 30-31.
English Chronicle or Universal Evening Post (London), March 13-18, 1790.
European Magazine, and London Review, September 1805: 162ff; September 1819: 210-11.
Evening Mail (London), October 29, 1792.
Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser (London), May 15, 1790.
General Evening Post, March 16-18, 1790; April 10-12, 1792.
Hampshire Chronicle (Southampton), November 5, 1792.
Hereford Journal, September 26, 1792.
Kentish Register, September 6, 1793.
&nb
sp; London Chronicle, March 16, 1790; April 21-24, 1792; October 30-November 1, 1792.
Maidstone Journal and Kentish Advertiser, February 24, 1807.
Manx Advertiser and Weekly Intelligence, December 19, 1822.
Observer (London), September 23, 1792.
Oracle (London), October 30, 1792.
Reading Mercury and Oxford Gazette, December 11, 1786; September 24, 1792; November 5, 1792.
Scots Magazine 54 (April 1792): 196f f.
Star (and Daily Evening Advertiser) (London), September 19, 1792.
Times (London), March 26, 1790; September 12, 14, 15, 18, 26 and 28, 1792; October 29-31, 1792; December 6, 1794; April 8, 1834.
Trewman’s Exeter Flying-Post, or Plymouth and Cornish Advertiser, August 27, 1789.
World, March 16, 1790.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Even a cursory glance at the source material will reveal my debt to a great number of archives and individuals. Those deserving of special mention include: the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, whose collection of Bounty-related material is unrivaled. I am grateful to Martin Beckett for his friendly assistance over several years, and to Jennifer Broomhead for helping me navigate the various collections and references. This is the second project for which I am indebted to the Mitchell Library.
The Public Record Office, Kew, holds, amid much else, Admiralty files going back centuries. The retention of prosaic items such as ships’ musters, logs, lieutenants’ certificates, hospital records, invoices, and seamen’s wills, as well as the extraordinary bounty of actual records of naval courts-martial, makes possible the detailed reconstruction of events long past. I am grateful not only to be able to use this material, but for the opportunity to have delved into it.
The Manx National Heritage Library holds extraordinary material for Bounty scholars, such as the Christian and Heywood family papers and the underused Atholl papers. I am extremely grateful to the Manx National Heritage for the use of this valuable material, and to Roger Sims and Wendy Thirkettle for their assistance.
The Newberry Library, Chicago, holds one of the collections of Nessy Heywood’s correspondence, so central to this story. I am grateful for the use of this correspondence, and to Elizabeth Freebairn for her assistance.
I am grateful to the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, for use of both its manuscript and picture holdings. To Kiri Ross-Jones I am grateful for answering my relentless stream of queries, and to David Taylor for his help with pictures.
The Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, has important Pacific and Bounty holdings. I am grateful for the use of this material, and particularly indebted to Tim Lovell-Smith for his unfailingly friendly assistance; he too is a colleague from a former project.
The Natural History Museum, London, holds one of the great repositories of Sir Joseph Banks’s correspondence. The material used was by courtesy of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, for which I am deeply grateful. I would particularly like to thank Neil Chambers for his friendly and invaluable assistance, and Malcolm Beasley for his help in managing the reproduction of much Banks material.
I am indebted to the British Library for use of its matchless holdings, and in particular for the use of material in the Oriental and India Office Collections.
My thanks are also due to the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, and to Clare Brown and Greg Colley for much assistance.
The National Library of Australia holds much material valuable to the story of the Bounty, and I am grateful for its use. To Kay Nicholls and Graeme Powell I am grateful for their assistance with manuscript holdings, and to Wendy Morrow for her help with pictures.
The Huntington Library has extraordinary collections pertaining to eighteenth-century England. I am especially grateful to Gayle Barkley for her guidance and steady help over the past years.
I am grateful to the Algemeen Rijksarchief, Den Haag, for information about the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) holdings; I am particularly grateful to Victor van den Bergh for his assistance. Yosephine Hutagalung of the VOC archives in Jakarta was of great assistance to me.
I am grateful to the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for use of the Banks Collection, and to Kate Pickard for her patient help.
The Cumbria Record Office and Local Studies Library, Whitehaven, and the Cumbria Record Office, Carlisle, hold material important to the Christian and Curwen families, and also to the Heywoods. I am grateful for the use of this material, and also to David Bowcock, Catherine Clark, S. A. Gilder and Peter Eyre for fielding numerous requests.
To the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland I am grateful for furnishing me with a variety of material, and to Sally Harrower for her assistance.
I am grateful to the Nantucket Historical Association for the use of its marvelous collection of whaling records, and to Elizabeth Oldham for her assistance.
I also owe a debt of gratitude to a great number of individuals. To Aude and Airlie Holden-Hindley for their characteristic generosity and hospitality, I am more grateful than I can say. Long months of research were sustained by the comfort of their home away from home, in both London and Cumbria.
I am grateful to Maurice Bligh for both information and support.
To Glynn Christian I am grateful for his helpful guidance at the outset of my research, and for his book Fragile Paradise; we undoubtedly differ in our conclusions, but I do so with much respect.
I am indebted to Madge Darby for her thorough, detailed and patient responses to my numerous inquiries and for her tactful suggestions on the text. I look forward to her own book on the Providence voyage.
To Laura Bemis Rollison I am indebted for being my right hand over several years, and in particular for managing the tangled mass of bibliographic correspondence. It would have been difficult to undertake this project without her indefatigable backup.
I am grateful to Pieter Van Der Merwe for his careful reading of my text, and for saving me from many a lubberly slip; any errors retained are my own.
A number of people helped me comb archives and files; to Sara Lodge I am indebted for her careful investigations at the very earliest stage of this venture. To Bob O’Hara and Imelda Lauris I am grateful for much work in the Public Record Office. I am similarly grateful to Carole Carinne and Roger Nixon for help on the Isle of Man.
I am indebted to Gillian Rickards for much assistance in Kent. To Stephen Walters I am grateful for the use of key pictures, and for his early enthusiasm.
To Anne Kulig, Gary McCool, Susan Noel and indeed Lamson Library, Plymouth State College, in general, I am deeply grateful. Similarly, once again, I am indebted to Mary Delashmit of the Holderness Free Library, for her knowledgeable and efficient acquisition of a wealth of interlibrary loan material.
David Ransom of the Pitcairn Island Study Group, Andrea Martin at the Lincolnshire County Council, and Sophie Forgan at the Captain Cook Memorial Museum were of great assistance in assembling pictures.
Other people and archives that provided key assistance are:
Lyn Scadding and Kevin Ward, Bedfordshire and Luton Archives and Record Services; Jeremy Taylor and Lisa Spurrier, Berkshire Record Office; Rachel McGregor, Birmingham Record Office; Bill Faucon, Boston Public Library; Liz Wigmore, Bury St. Edmunds Records Office; Lesley Akeroyd, County Record Office, Cambridge; Stephen White, Jackson Collection, Carlisle Library; J. Gill, Durham Record Office; Theresa Thom, Gray’s Inn; Michael Bosson, Sandon Hall, Harrowby Manuscripts Trust; Alan Akeroyd, County Record Office, Huntingdon, Cambridge; Clare Rider, Inner Temple; Catherine Howard, Institute of Commonwealth Studies; John Hodgson and Peter Nockles, John Rylands University Library of Manchester; Anna Watson and Bruce Jackson, Lancashire Record Office; Guy Holborn, Lincoln’s Inn; Jane Battye, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames; Rhys Griffith and Bridget Howlett, London Metropolitan Archives; Cathy Williamson, Mariners’ Museum; Robert Fotheringham, National Archives of Scotland; Christine Abbot, Newcastle City Council; Eric
Hollerton, North Tyneside Council; Mrs. Sue Wood, Northumberland County Council; Bryce Wilson, Orkney Museum; Diana Gregg and Sarah Speller, Portsmouth City Council, Museums and Records Office; Alan Harkin, Reading Borough Council, Reading Central Library; Mark Pomeroy, Royal Academy of Arts; Clara Anderson, the Royal Society Archives; Alastair Brookham and Jonathan Harrison, St. John’s College, Cambridge; Phil Hocking and Andrea Pring, Somerset Record Office; Michael Page, Surry County Council; E. A. Rees, Tyne and Wear Archives; Tony Lawless, University College, London; Janet Bloom, William Clements Library, University of Michigan; Dr. Lesley Hall, Wellcome Trust; Stephen Parks and Ayesha Ramachandran, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Elizabeth Pridmore, York Minster Archives.
The following institutions provided useful material and services:
American Philosophical Society; Arizona State University; Atlanta University Center, Robert W. Woodruff Library; Australian National Maritime Museum; Bath and North East Somerset Record Office; Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire de Genève; Birmingham Record Office; Bishop Museum; Brandeis University Library; British Columbia Archives; Centre for Kentish Studies; Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge University; Columbia University, Butler Library; Cornell University, Olin Library; Courtauld Institue of Art; Dartmouth College, Berry/Baker Library; Department of Navy Library; Derbyshire County Council; Devon Record Office; Dorset Record Office; Fishmongers’ Company; Flintshire County Council; Florida State University; Getty Museum; Glasgow City Archives; Hampshire Record Office; Harvard University, Widener Library; Herefordshire and Luton Archives and Record Services; Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies Service; Highgate Literary and Scientific Institute; Hydrographic Office of Taunton, Somerset; Isle of Wight Record Office; the Kerpels Museum, Santa Barbara; the Linnean Society; McGill University, McLennan Library; Manchester Archives and Local Studies; Mystic Seaport Museum, G. Blunt White Library; National Archives of Scotland; National Library of Wales; New York Public Library; Norfolk Record Office; Ohio State University Library; Public Record Office of Northern Ireland; Reading Local Studies Library; Rice University, Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library; the Royal Archives; Firepower, Royal Artillery Museum; Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth; Society of Antiquaries; Staffordshire Record Office; Surrey History Centre; Sutro Library, San Francisco; Union Theological Seminary, New York; University of Arizona; the University of British Columbia Library; University of California, Charles E. Young Research Library; University of Hawaii at Hilo, Edwin Mookini Library; University of Massachusetts; University of Michigan; University of New Hampshire, Dimond Library; University of Nottingham, Hall-ward Library; U.S. Military Academy; Warwickshire County Record Office; West Yorkshire Archive Service; Wiltshire & Swindon Record Office; Yale University Library.
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