35 Alexievich, Svetlana, Second-Hand Time – The Last of the Soviets, trans. Bela Shayevich, London: Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2016, p. 84; Figes, Revolutionary Russia, p. 380; Smith, The Russians, p. 97.
36 Qtd in Smith, The Russians, p. 171; Engel, Women in Russia, pp. 242, 245.
37 Pope-Hennessy, The Closed City, pp. 37–8; Engel, Women in Russia, pp. 245–6.
38 Kelly, St Petersburg, p. 384 n.4; Hessler, Julie, A Social History of Soviet Trade, p. xiii.
39 Smith, The Russians, pp. 8, 83, 92.
40 Kelly, St Petersburg, p. 189; Smith, The Russians, pp. 80–81.
41 Obama, Barack, in final press conference of 2016, qtd in Jacobs, Ben, ‘Obama Says he Warned Russia to “Cut it Out” Over Election Hacking’, Guardian, 16 December, 2016.
42 Kelly, St Petersburg, pp. 251, 257.
43 McAuley, Soviet Politics, pp. 67–8.
44 Stites, Russian Popular Culture, pp. 152, 156–7, 160.
45 Norman, The Hermitage, p. 311.
46 Intourist guide, overheard in 1979.
47 Harding, The Mafia State, p. 215.
48 Smith, The Russians, pp. 571–2.
49 Engel, Women in Russia, p. 243; McAuley, Soviet Politics, p. 5; Service, The Penguin History of Modern Russia, p. 467.
50 Brodsky, Less Than One, pp. 92–3.
51 Engel, Women in Russia, p. 246.
52 Pope-Hennessy, The Closed City, p. 210.
53 Kirshchenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege, pp. 48, 217, 221–3, 225.
54 Service, The Penguin History of Modern Russia, pp. 420, 472.
55 Ostrovsky, The Invention of Russia, pp. 58–9, 62.
56 McAuley, Soviet Politics, p. 60.
57 ‘Dialogues’, 1986 jazz film from Leningrad Film Documentary Studios, extracted in Harrison, The Last Days of Leningrad; Stites, Russian Popular Culture, p. 196.
58 McAuley, Soviet Politics, p. 95.
59 ‘Rock’ (1988), extracted in Harrison, The Last Days of Leningrad.
60 Nevzorov, Alexander, 600 Seconds, 22 May 1990 and 4 January 1991, Leningrad Chanel/St Petersburg Television, various emissions shown in Harrison, The Last Days of Leningrad.
61 Engel, Women in Russia, pp. 251, 256.
62 Hessler, A Social History of Soviet Trade, p. xiii.
63 Kelly, St Petersburg, p. 274.
64 Alexievich, Second-Hand Time, pp. 42–3.
65 ‘Third Class Carriage’ (1988), extracted in Harrison, The Last Days of Leningrad.
66 Service, The Penguin History of Modern Russia, pp. xxiv, 485; Alexievich, Second-Hand Time, p. 85.
16 BROKEN WINDOW ONTO THE WEST
1 Comments based on remarks made by Leningraders in Harrison, The Last Days of Leningrad.
2 Kelly, St Petersburg, p. 2; McAuley, Soviet Politics, p. 7.
3 Service, The Penguin History of Modern Russia, p. 495.
4 Clark, Katerina, ‘Not for Sale: The Russian/Soviet Intelligentsia, Prostitution and the Paradox of Internal Colonization’, in Slavic Studies, Vol. 7, 1993, pp. 188–9; Bernstein, Sonia’s Daughters, p. 22.
5 le Carré, John, The Secret Pilgrim, London: Sceptre 1991; pbk 2009, p. 392.
6 Bradbury, Malcolm, To the Hermitage, London: Picador 2002, p. 395.
7 Womack, Helen, ‘The Cost of Living in Cloud Cuckoo Land’, Independent on Sunday, 26 March 1992.
8 Vladimir Malakoff, letter of January 1992 to Jonathan Miles.
9 Ledeneva, Alena V., Russia’s Economy of Favours: Blat, Networking and Informal Exchanges, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 191, 196.
10 Ostrovsky, The Invention of Russia, p. 147.
11 lzvestia, 25, 1992, qtd by Ledeneva, in Russia’s Economy of Favours, pp. 188–9.
12 Ledeneva, Russia’s Economy of Favours, p. 189; Kelly, St Petersburg, pp. 162–3.
13 Ledeneva, Russia’s Economy of Favours, pp. 191–2; Ostrovsky, The Invention of Russia, pp. 188, 229, 240; Robert Cottrell, ‘Russia: The New Oligarchy’, New York Review of Books, 27 March 1997.
14 The English title is Brother.
15 Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, p. 249; Kelly, St Petersburg, p. 101.
16 Walsh, Nick Paton, ‘The Other St Petersburg’, Guardian, 12 July 2006; Parfitt, Tom, ‘Fewer Tramps, More Plumbers:St Petersburg Goes European’, Guardian, 31 August 2006.
17 russialist.org, 11 May 2003; Kelly, St Petersburg, p. 29.
18 Van den Berg, Rob, dir., ‘Catching Up with Music’ with Valery Gergiev, bonus feature on Glinka, Ruslan and Lyudmila, conducted by Valery Gergiev, Kirov Opera and Chorus, Decca 1996.
19 Buckler, Mapping St Petersburg, pp. 248–51; Kelly, St Petersburg p. 205.
20 Walsh, Nick Paton, ‘City Scandal: St Petersburg Renovation Money Dissapears’, Guardian, 25 February 2003.
21 BBC News, 20 June 2004.
22 Kelly, St Petersburg, pp. 87, 116, 125, 163–4; Walsh, Nick Paton, ‘The Other St Petersburg’, Guardian, 12 July 2006; Shaun Walker, “‘Salutin’’ Putin: Inside a Russian Troll House’, Guardian, 2 April 2015; Harding, The Mafia State, p. 11.
23 Figes, Revolutionary Russia, p. 420.
24 Ostrovsky, The Invention of Russia, pp. 2, 261, 278, 320, 334; Harding, The Mafia State, pp. 11, 177.
25 Utekhin, Ilya, ‘The Post-Soviet Kommunalka; Continuity and Difference’, in Everyday Life in Russia Past and Present, p. 240.
26 Ransel, David L., “‘They Are Taking that Air from Us”: Sale of Commonly Enjoyed Properties to Private Developers’, in Everyday Life in Russia Past and Present, p. 154.
27 Harding, The Mafia State, p. 153.
28 Wrathall, Claire, ‘New Holland: St Petersburg’s New Cultural District’, Telegraph, 7 September 2016; Glancy, Jonathan, ‘Foster to lead £184m Project to Transform the Ancient Heart of St Petersburg’, Guardian, 15 February 2006.
17 MIRAGE
1 de Custine, Letters, p. 78.
2 Shelley, Mary, Frankenstein (1818), Ware: Wordsworth Editions, 1993.
3 Dostoevsky, Winter Notes on Summer Impressions, p. 23.
4 Casanova, The Memoirs, p. 25.
5 De Raymond, Damaze, Tableau historique, qtd in Giroud, St Petersburg, p. 62.
6 Hellman, Lillian, An Unfinished Woman, London: Macmillan, 1969, pp. 208–9.
7 Dostoyevsky, ‘The Double’, in Notes From Underground/The Double, p. 165.
8 Dostoyevsky, Notes From Underground, p. 88.
9 Qtd in Alexievich, Second-Hand Time, pp. 210–11.
10 Harding, The Mafia State, pp. 22, 25, 224.
11 Luhn, Alec, ‘Construction Workers at Russian World Cup Stadium Complain of Not Being Paid’, Guardian, 31 August 2015.
12 De Custine, Letters, p. 43.
13 Alexievich, Second-Hand Time, p. 240.
14 Viz. Miriam Elder dealing with the dry-cleaners, ‘The Hell of Russian Bureaucracy’, Guardian, 23 April 2012.
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