by Linda Porter
22 Ryrie, The Gospel and Henry VIII.
23 Foxe, Acts and Monuments.
24 Foxe, Acts and Monuments.
25 James, Kateryn Parr.
26 NA, E101/424/12, f. 157.
27 Robert Hutchinson, The Last Days of Henry VIII (London, 2005).
28 L&P, 21, ii, 20 and 136.
29 Ibid., ii, 686.
30 Ibid., item 92, 1383.
31 Cal SP Spanish, 8, 370.
32 L&P, 21, ii, 684.
33 The names of Westminster and Whitehall were sometimes used interchangeably. Westminster had been a separate palace but was damaged by fire and abandoned at the beginning of Henry VIII’s reign.
34 Hutchinson, The Last Days of Henry VIII.
Eleven – The Secrets of Spring
1 NA, LC2/2, f. 4.
2 For a full description of Henry VIII’s funeral, see Hutchinson, The Last Days of Henry VIII, ch. 10.
3 L&P, 21, ii, 634.
4 There has been much discussion over the validity of Henry VIII’s will and whether it was altered after his death. See E. W. Ives, ‘Henry VIII’s Will – A Forensic Conundrum’, Historical Journal, 25 (1992) and Porter, Mary Tudor.
5 The duke of Norfolk, England’s premier noble, awaited execution at the time of Henry VIII’s death. His fate hung in the balance during the three days before Henry’s demise was announced. Discussions about it may also have played a part in the delay. Norfolk was spared the block but kept prisoner in the Tower of London.
6 NA, E101/426/3, ff. 6 and 23.
7 Historical Manuscripts Commission, Calendar of the Manuscripts of the most Honourable the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., preserved at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire. Part 1, 1883, no 220.
8 BL MS Harleian 5087, f. 14, printed in Halliwell, Letters of the Kings of England, vol. 2.
9 L&P, 19, ii, 501, item 2: ‘The meetest place for the king’s great ships to lie is thought to be at the Isle of Wight from whence, if the Frenchmen would stop the passage betwixt Dover and Boulogne or Calais, the king’s ships may cut between them and their own coast, and so drive them to fight, or else go to Flanders or Scotland.’
10 Dent-Brocklehurst MS, Sudeley Castle.
11 Printed in James, Kateryn Parr.
12 Bodleian Library, Ashmolean MS 1729; James, Kateryn Parr.
13 James, Kateryn Parr.
14 Bodleian Library, Rawlinson MS D.1070.4 and NA, SP 10/1, f. 43; James, Kateryn Parr.
15 BL Lansdowne MS 1236, f. 26. Porter, Mary Tudor.
16 Printed in Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 2, pt. 1.
17 J. G. Nichols, ed., The Literary Remains of King Edward VI (Roxburghe Club, 1857), vol. 1, no. 46.
18 Haynes, ed., State Papers.
19 Quoted in Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England, vol. 3. In fact, Anne of Cleves also took precedence over the duchess.
20 Dent-Brocklehurst MS, Sudeley Castle.
21 Haynes, State Papers.
22 James, Kateryn Parr.
23 The precise date on which Elizabeth and her retinue took up residence with the queen is unknown. But Katherine Ashley, Elizabeth’s chief gentlewoman, is said to have teased Seymour about his marriage before it became public knowledge. See Skidmore, Edward VI.
24 Haynes, State Papers.
Twelve – ‘This frail life’
1 William Cecil’s preface to Katherine Parr’s The Lamentation of a Sinner, in Travitsky and Cullen, Katherine Parr.
2 Leanda de Lisle, The Sisters Who Would be Queen (London, 2009).
3 Hatch, ‘The Ascham Letters’.
4 Throckmorton MS, stanza 67, Warwickshire County Record Office, CR1998/LCB/18.
5 Thomas Parry’s confession, Haynes, State Papers.
6 This and preceding quotes from the confession of Katherine Ashley, in Haynes, State Papers.
7 Haynes, State Papers.
8 Elizabeth I, Collected Works.
9 Ibid.
10 Skidmore, Edward VI.
11 Elizabeth I, Collected Works.
12 Haynes, State Papers.
13 NA, SP10/4, f. 14, printed in James, Kateryn Parr.
14 Thomas Hearne, ed., Sylloge Epistolarum (Oxford, 1716).
15 Haynes, State Papers.
16 College of Arms MS: RR21/C ff. 98–9 and MS R20.
17 Haynes, State Papers.
18 NA SP 10/5, ff. 5, 8b.
19 Stephen Alford, Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI (Cambridge, 2002).
20 Haynes, State Papers.
21 Cal SP Spanish, 9, 1547–9.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 C. S. Knighton, ed., Calendar of State Papers Domestic of the Reign of Edward VI (London, 1992), no. 189.
25 Haynes, State Papers.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 Elizabeth I, Collected Works.
29 Ibid.
30 Haynes, State Papers.
31 Act for the Attainder of Sir Thomas Seymour, 2 and 3 Edward VI c.17.
32 John Harington, Nugae Antiquae (London, 1769), vol. 3.
33 John Watkins, ed., The Sermons of Hugh Latimer, (London, 1926); Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 2, pt 1, where it is noted that the last edition of Latimer’s sermons, the passage accusing Seymour of stirring up sedition by writing to the king’s sisters, is omitted.
34 Throckmorton MS, Warwick County Record Office, stanzas 75 and 76.
35 John Harington, Nugae Antiquae, ‘Verses upon the Lord Admiral’s picture’.
36 Porter, Mary Tudor.
37 James, Kateryn Parr.
38 Cecilie Goff, A Woman of the Tudor Age (London, 1930).
39 Reverend T. Nash, ‘Observations on the Time of Death and Place of Burial of Queen Katharine Parr’, Archaeologia ix (1789). Katherine’s remains were reburied in 1862, in a tomb designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the restored chapel of Sudeley Castle.
Epilogue
1 Starkey, Elizabeth.
Bibliography
Manuscript Sources
BODLEIAN LIBRARY
Ashmolean MSS 1729
Rawlinson MSS D1070.4
BRITISH LIBRARY
Additional MSS 19398, 32647, 33271, 46348
Cotton MSS Caligula E4, Nero Cx, Vespasian Fiii
Harleian MS 5087
Lansdowne MSS 97 and 1236
Royal MS 7D
Sloane MSS 1523
Stowe MSS 559
COLLEGE OF ARMS
R20 and RR21C
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES (formerly the Public Record Office)
Exchequer: Exchequer Accounts various, E101, E314, E315
Lord Chamberlain’s Office: Robes and Special Events, LC2
Probate: Registers Thower and Alen, PROB 11
State Papers, Domestic: Edward VI, SP10; Henry VIII, SP 1
SUDELEY CASTLE
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WARWICKSHIRE COUNTY RECORD OFFICE
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Unpublished Dissertations
Bastow, Sarah L. Aspects of the History of the Catholic Gentry of Yorkshire from the Pilgrimage of Grace to the First Civil War, PhD dissertation, University of Huddersfield, 2002
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pondence, PhD dissertation, Cornell University, New York, 1948
MacMahon, Luke, The English Invasion of France in 1544, MPhil thesis, University of Warwick, 1992
Swenson, Patricia Cole, Noble Hunters of the Romish Fox: Religious Reform at the Tudor Court, 1543–1564, PhD dissertation, University of California Berkeley, 1981
Also by Linda Porter
Mary Tudor: The First Queen
Index
Note: KP stands for Katherine Parr.
Act of Succession
(1534), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
(1544), ref 1
Act of Supremacy (1534), ref 1, ref 2
Aglionby, Elizabeth, ref 1
Albuquerque, Duke of, ref 1
Ampthill (Bedfordshire), ref 1
Anne of Cleves, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Aragon, Katherine see Katherine of Aragon
Arran, Earl of, ref 1
Arthur, Prince, ref 1, ref 2
Arundell, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Ascham, Roger, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Ashley, John, ref 1
Ashley, Katherine (Kat), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Aske, Robert, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13
Askew, Anne, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
arrest, ref 1
background and religious beliefs, ref 1, ref 2
brought before Privy Council, ref 1
burnt at stake, ref 1
refusal to recant, ref 1, ref 2
torture of, ref 1
‘Ballad of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton’, ref 1
Bassano brothers, ref 1, ref 2
Baynard’s Castle, ref 1
Beaton, Cardinal, ref 1
Beaufort, Lady Margaret, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Berthelet, Thomas, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Bettes, John, ref 1
Bible, ref 1
Bigod, Sir Francis, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Bigod, Ralph, ref 1
Blagge, George, ref 1
Blount, Elizabeth, ref 1
Boleyn, Anne, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
downfall and execution, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and fashion, ref 1
Henry VIII’s obsession with, ref 1, ref 2
and Mary, ref 1, ref 2
Boleyn, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Bonner, Edmund (Bishop of London), ref 1
