by Doug Mack
Guam BBQ Block Party, 111
Guam General Hospital, 158
Guánica, Puerto Rico, 222
guano, 17–18
Guano Islands, 17–18, 135
Guano Islands Act, 17
guano-mining operations, 17–18
Guantánamo Bay, 222, 275–76
Guayama, Puerto Rico, 232–33, 239
Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, 229
güira, 214, 231
Gus, 187
Gutierrez, Carl, 120
Hagåtña, Guam, 127, 140–41, 158
Haile Selassie, 25–26
Haiti, 18
haligi, 127
Hall, Clarence, 86–87
Hamburg-American Line, 20
Hamilton, Alexander, 8–9, 11, 12, 18
Harper’s, 69, 122
Harrison, Benjamin, 18
Harris v. Rosario, 184
Hassel Island, 6
Hawaii, 12, 19, 65, 69–70, 82, 84, 135–38, 178, 179–80; annexation of, 69–70, 84, 222; incorporation of, 222–23; Kingdom of, 64, 84, 85; statehood and, 84–85, 86; U.S. Constitution and, 84–85
“Hawaii, USA,” 85
Hay, John, 124
health insurance (Affordable Care Act), 40
Hearst, William Randolph, 121, 122
hedge funds, 256–57
Hersey, John, 175
Hillblom, Larry, 165
Hiram Bithorn baseball stadium, 224
Hiroshima, atomic bombing of, 174–75
History and Conquest of the Philippines and Our Other Island Possessions, The, 69
Hobsbawm, Eric, 237
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 156
Honolulu, Hawaii, 135–38
Hoover, Herbert, 30–31
Hotel Robert Reimers, 200, 202
House Armed Services Committee, 155
House of Taga, 173
Hovensa, 36–37, 218
Howland Island, xx, 135–38, 184, 278
Hui Panalä’au, 136–38
human trafficking, 98–99
Hunter, Glen, 184
Hurricane Hugo, 42
immigrants: undocumented, 98–99, 195–96. See also specific islands
imperialism, 52–53, 69, 179, 219–20, 238–39, 277–78
Imperial Moment, 52–53, 69, 219–20, 277, 278
India, 178
Indian Citizenship Act, 73
indigenous peoples, 82
indigenous traditions, 98
Indonesia, 57
Insular Cases, 53, 53n, 71, 73–75, 98–99, 129, 149–50, 156–57, 183–84, 223, 249, 252, 263–64, 273, 275–77
insularity, 190, 218
International Date Line, 75n
Ioane (Will), 58–59, 61
Isabel Segunda, Puerto Rico, 260
iShip, 6, 9
Island Hopper, 205
“island-hopping,” 169–70
islands, 16–17. See also specific islands
Islas de Ladrones, 120
Itasca, 136, 138
Jamaica, 18, 25–26
Jamaican Grill, 118
Jamaicans, 180
Japan, 154, 169, 176–77, 184, 278; atomic bombing of, 174–76; economic downturn in, 195; Guam and, 130–31, 140–42, 146–47; Imperial Navy of, 170; Marshall Islands and, 199, 199n, 203; Northern Mariana Islands and, 173–74; Pacific Islands and, 130–35, 138, 140–42, 169–70; World War II and, 145, 169–70, 174–76
Japan Airways, 190
Japanese Last Command Post, 170–71
Jarvis Island, xx, 135–38, 278
Jayuya, Puerto Rico, 241
Jean P. Haydon Museum, 87
Jefferson, Thomas, 11, 12
Jeff’s Pirates Cove, 142–43
Jenning, Alexander, 65n
jibaros, 214, 226–27
Jim Crow, 70
Jobs, Steve, 6
John Paul II, Pope, 126
Johnson, Dwaye “the Rock,” 107
Johnson, Giff, 200
Johnson, Lyndon B., xv
Johnson, Willis Fletcher, 84–85
Johnston Atoll, xx, 273
Jones Act, 117–18, 223, 257–58, 258n
Jorge, 232, 233, 236–37, 239
José Enrique, 231
the Journal, 123
Julia, 266
Kahanu, George Sr., 136–37
Kahanu, Noelle, 136
Kaipat, Cinta, 185–88, 189, 272
Kamehameha School for Boys, 135–36
kelaguen, 118
Kennedy, Aidan Caohman Vieques, 261
Kennedy, Anthony, 275–76
Kennedy, John F., 87, 177
Kennedy, Robert F., Jr., 261
Kensington Hotel, 168n
Kentucky, 182
Kerouac, Jack, xv
Kidd, Benjamim, xxii
Kidd, William, 28
Kili Atoll, Marshall Islands, 200, 205
Kil Soo Lee, 99
Kingdom of EnenKio, 273
Kingman Reef, xx
King’s Creams, 258
Kipling, Ruyard, 70
Kiribati, 203
Kirsten, Sven A., 65, 66, 85
Kiska, 131
Koreans, 176
Kosrae, 177
Kurin, Richard, 149
Kwajalein Island, 204–5
Kyle, 187
Lae Atoll, 137
La Fiesta, 190
Lao Lao Bay, 190, 194
La Perla, Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, 219–20
Lapita people, 57–58
La Ruta Panorámica, Puerto Rico, 253–54
Las Vegas, 66
Latin America, independence movements in, 11
Latte of Freedom, 127, 155–56
lattes (latte stones), 127, 173
Latte Stone Park, 143
“Laura” (Majuro Atoll), 199
lavalavas, 61, 77, 95
Lavatai, Tepora Toliniu, 90
League of Nations, 130
Lebrón, Lolita, 241–42
lechón, 232
Lee, Regine Biscoe, 152–53
Leibowitz, Arnold, 51
Leo, 247
Leon, 4, 47
Leone, American Samoa, 79
Lesser Antilles, 6
Ley de La Mordaza (Gag Law), 240
Liberation Day (Guam), 143–44, 176
Lili’uokalani, Queen, 84
Lincoln, Abraham, 19
Lind, Samuel, 211–13, 214, 227, 229, 230, 237
Linda, 4–5, 47
Little Boy, 174, 175, 200
Lockhart, Ronnie, xii, 5–7, 8, 12, 20, 23, 26–28, 29, 38
Loíza, Puerto Rico, 211–12, 229
Look magazine, 85
Los Angeles Times, 191n
Louisiana, 11
Louisiana Purchase, 11
Luce, Henry, 148
Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center, 88
Mack, Maren, xi, xvi–xvii, 31, 34, 47, 55, 57–59, 61, 66–68, 88, 91–96, 101–5, 172, 187, 205, 216, 266
magazines, 69
Magellan, Ferdinand, 120
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 121, 131, 278
Main Street Bondholders, 256–57
Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands, 198–201, 204, 205
Majuro Lagoon, 204
Malaysia, 57, 278
Mallorca buns, 216, 216n
Malo, Davida, 84
Mañagaha, 169
Manchuria, 130
manifest destiny, 12, 84, 115–16
Manila, Philippines, 123, 129
Manu’a Islands, 57, 65, 90, 93, 96
Manu’atele, 57
Mariana Islands, 120, 130, 168; partition of, 169; World War II and, 169–70. See also Guam; Northern Mariana Islands
Marianas Trench Marine National Monument, 197
Marina, Juan, 124
Marine Corps Drive, 143
marine waters, 89–90
Marley, Bob, 25
Mars, 117–18, 119, 158, 257–58
Marshall Islands, 177, 198–200–2; cancer cases on, 200�
��201; climate change and, 205; diabetes in, 202; European Union and, 203; Germany and, 199; investment in infrastructure of, 203; Japan and, 199, 203; National Gym, 202, 203; nuclear testing on, 200–201, 204; political status of, 202; radiation cases on, 200–201; tourism and, 206; unemployment rate in, 202; United States and, 198–99, 200–205
Marshall Islands Journal, 200
Marshall Plan, 177, 184
Martin, Mark, 261
Massachusetts, 182
Mata’afa, 63
matais, 62–65, 74, 76, 80–81, 82, 89–90, 98–99, 106
Matson, Elvin, 138
mauby, 34
Maugham, Somerset, 56
Mau Piailug, 179–80
Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 241
McCain, John, xxiii
McDonald’s, 77, 154
McKinley, William, xxii, 19, 64, 69, 70–71, 84, 121, 124–25, 129, 149, 156
McMillin, George, 131
Mead, Margaret, 96
Medicaid, 40
Medicare, 40
Melville, Herman, 65
Menen, 15–16
merengue, 230
Merizo, Guam, 142
Mexico, 11, 54
Meyers, Mr., 44–45
Miami, Florida, 230
Michener, James, 85
Micronesia, 111, 127, 130–31, 176–77. See also Federated States of Micronesia (FSM); specific islands and countries
Midway Atoll, xx, 135, 141, 273
Mike, 46
Mikio, Shichi, 133
Miller, George, 192, 194
Minor Outlying Islands, xiii, xx, xxviii, 149, 272–73. See also specific islands
Miranda, Rafael, 241–42
Mississippi, 11
Miwa, Shigeyoshi, 170
modernity, 180–81
Monica, 12–14, 15–16, 41
Monroe, James, 11
Monroe Doctrine, 11, 62
Montpellier Domino Club, 3, 46–47
Montserrat, 182n
Moorhead, Mario, 37
Morse, Samuel, 233
Mount Alava, American Samoa, 87, 91–95
Mount Alava Adventure Trail, 91–95
Mount Pagan, 187
Mount Tapochau, Saipan, 171
Ms., 193
Muñoz Marín, Luis, 225, 236, 240, 243
Muñoz Rivera, Luis, 243
Murdoch, David Hamilton, 156–57
Museo de Arte de Ponce, 258
myth, 153–57
Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 174–75
Naipaul, V. S., 25
Nan’yo Kohatsu Kaisha (NKK), 173
Naranjito, Puerto Rico, 241
NASA, 87, 87n
National Guard troops, in Puerto Rico, 241
National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) Center, 58
National Park of American Samoa, 91–95
National Park of the Virgin Islands, 6
National Public Radio, 228
National Weather Service, 198
Native Americans. See American Indians
Native Lands Ordinance, 80
naturalization, American Samoa and, 71–72
Naval Base Guam, 151
Naval War College, 121
Navassa Island, xx, 17–18
navigation, traditional, 179–80
Neely’s Color Photos of America’s New Possessions, 69
the Netherlands, 11, 24
Nevada Test Site, 201
Nevis, 8
New Caledonia, 182n
New Orleans, Louisiana, 18
Newsweek, 42
New York, New York, 230, 242
New York Times, 20, 83, 191n, 193, 199n, 222, 242, 256, 259, 278
New Zealand, 62, 65, 72, 75, 176, 182n
NFL, 75–76, 107, 271
Nicaragua, 12, 18
Niedenthal, Jack, 201–2, 205. See also Bikini Jack
Nipsic, 63
nitroguanidine, 18
noncitizen nationals, 73
Noonan, Fred, 137
Norma, 4, 47
Norman, Greg, 190
Northern Mariana Islands, xiii, xv, xix–xx, 42, 82, 161–207, 162, 272; administration of, 252; after World War II, 176–77; casualty rate in, 145; corruption in, 189; cultural traditions of, 181; designation of, xxvii–xxviii; enlistment rate in, 145; political status of, 179; referenda on incorporation with Guam, 179; U.S. occupation of, 176–77, 178
North Field, Tinian, 172, 174
Northwest Ordinance, 9–10, 11
Northwest Territory, 10
Nuclear Claims Tribunal, 201
nuclear testing, 200–201
Nu’uuli, American Samoa, 78, 79–80
Nuyorican movement, 230
Nuyorican Poets Café, 230
Oasis of the Seas, 21
Obama, Barack, 154, 263; administration of, 43
O’Doul’s, 3
Office of Insular Affairs, 251–52
Okinawa, Japan, 152
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, 215–17, 219–21, 231
Olga, 63
Oliver, James, 30
Olopai, Lino, 170, 177–82, 188, 206, 261
Olympics, 237, 237n
Omiya Jima, 140
Operation Bootstrap, 225, 226, 227–28
Oregon, 11–12, 62
Oregon Treaty, 11
Organic Acts, xxvii, 31, 43, 73, 74, 128, 151, 222–23
Orote Peninsula, 123–24
Our Island Empire, 69
Our Islands and Their People, 69
Our New Possessions, 69
Pacific Islands, 153, 176–77, 178; casualty rate in, 145; China and, 203; enlistment rate in, 145; Japan and, 130–35, 138, 140–42, 169–70; political status of, 203; United States and, 135; World War II and, 138. See also specific islands
Pacific Ocean, 11–12, 64
Pacific War Museum, 139
Pagan, Northern Mariana Islands, 169, 186–87
Pagat, Guam, 153
Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa, 56, 58–60, 60n, 62–64, 87–90, 97–100, 145
Paine, Thomas, 9
Palau, 177, 198
Palms Resort, 168
Palmyra Atoll, xx, 85–86, 135, 273; births at, 86n; designation of, xxviii; incorporation of, 86; political status of, 86; U.S. Constitution and, 86
palusami, 101
Pamela, 27–29
Panama Canal, 20, 29–30
Panama Canal Zone, xxiii, 178
pander, 214
Partido Nacionalista (Puerto Rico), 240
Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP) (Puerto Rico), 229, 235
Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) (Puerto Rico), 229, 235, 240
Paseo de Marianas, 166
Paseo Stadium, 158
Pat-Borja, Ana Won, 153–54
patronage, 189
Pauline, 33–34
PBS, 146
pe’a, 106
Peace Corps, 107, 177, 179, 201–2
Pearl Harbor, attacks on, 131, 138, 176
Pearson, Evalani, 66
Pennsylvania, 182
Peñuelas, Puerto Rico, 241
Peru, 11
Peterka, Laurie, 163–66, 168
Pfizer, 255
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 230
the Philippines, 52, 73, 123–24, 182, 222, 278
Phillips, Paul, 136
Pictorial History of America’s New Possessions, 69
Pierce, Franklin, 12, 18
Pierluisi, Pedro, 228
Piñero, Miguel, 230
Pitcairn, 182n
plantations, 169, 173
Plasman, Jim, 201
Plaza de España, Tumon, Guam, 126
Plaza de las Americas, 224
Plaza Palmer, 226
plena, 230
Pohnpei, 177
Point Udall, Guam, 151
Point Udall, Saint Croix, 37, 151
Polaris Point submarine base, 151
political party conventions, xxiii
politics, 218
Polk, James
, 11, 12, 18, 54
polyglot cultures, 217–18
Polynesia, 57, 65–66, 84–85. See also specific islands
Polynesian culture, 108
Ponce, Puerto Rico, 217, 241, 254, 258
Ponce de León, Juan, 220
Ponsa, Christina Duffy, 52–55, 53n, 63, 74, 82, 83, 222, 223, 229, 235, 273, 275
Portugal, 11
presidential primary elections, xxiii
Presley, Elvis, 85
proas, 120
pro-expansion, 70
Protestants, 129
Public Radio International, 150
Puerto Mosquito, Vieques, Puerto Rico, 265–67
Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP), 236–37, 239–40
Puerto Ricans, 230
Puerto Rico, xiii, xiv, xviii, xxiii, 52–54, 71, 73–74, 122–24, 150, 178, 182, 184, 209–67, 210; 1898 U.S. invasion of, 223; in 2004 Summer Olympics, 237; Act 20, 257; Act 22, 257; administration of, 252; agriculture in, 224–25; Americanization in, 229, 230; armed insurrection in, 241; autonomy movement in, 243; bankruptcy protection and, 256; citizenship and, 223; coffee industry in, 224; commonwealth status and, 183, 235; Constitution of, 256; corporations in, 255; debt of, 255–57; designation of, xxvii–xxviii, 182–83; doctors in, 228; economy of, 215–16, 220, 224–25, 239, 254–59, 271; employment rates in, 239; English language in, 237–38; enlistment from, 223; as Estado Libre Asociado (ELA), 235–36, 240–41, 276; Foraker Act, 222–23; government of, 258–59; Gran Migración (Grand Migration) from, 227–28, 230; higher education in, 226; independence and, 213–14; independence movement in, 221, 223, 238–39, 250–51; industrialization of, 224–25; Jones Act and, 257–58; legislature of, 236, 239–40; Ley de La Mordaza (Gag Law) in, 240; manufacturing in, 225, 255; martial law in, 241; modernization of, 224–25; municipal bonds in, 255–56; music of, 214, 226–27, 230–31; National Guard troops in, 241; nationalists in, 237, 240–42, 243; needlepoint in, 225; Olympic team, 237, 237n; Organic Act, 222–23; party politics and, 264; pharmaceutical corporations in, 255; political representation of, 263–65; political status of, 182–83, 213–15, 222–23, 228–30, 234, 235–41, 263–64, 276–79; postwar development of, 224–25; presidential election of 2012 and, 263; referenda in, 263, 277; size of, 217; slavery in, 225; Spain and, 223; Spanish imperialism and, 238–39; Spanish language in, 237–38; statehood and, 213–14, 229–30, 234–35, 238, 263–64, 276, 278–79; sugar industry in, 224; sugar plantations in, 225; taxes in, 245, 245n, 255, 257; tobacco industry in, 224; tourism and, 260; tourism in, 224–25; United States and, 222–25, 236, 238–41, 252, 256–59, 263–65, 277; U.S. Congress and, 236, 256–59, 263–65, 277; U.S. imperialism and, 238–39; U.S. military and, 222–23; World War II and, 145; Zika virus and, 271–72
