by Sarah Prager
Icks, Martjin. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome’s Decadent Boy Emperor. London: I. B. Tauris, 2013.
Mijatovic, Alexis. “A Brief Biography of Elagabalus: The Transgender Ruler of Rome.” Accessed May 5, 2016. http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/tgi-bios/elagabalus.
Thayer, Bill, ed. Historia Augusta. Accessed May 13, 2016. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/1*.html.
———. Roman History by Cassius Dio: Epitome of Book LXXIX. Accessed May 13, 2016. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/79*.html.
———. Roman History by Cassius Dio: Epitome of Book LXXX. Accessed May 13, 2016. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/80*.html.
Cassius Dio uses male pronouns to refer to Elagabalus, as do essentially all books about her. Female pronouns were chosen as the most appropriate for this individual based on her own statements of self-identification.
“My Lord Emperor, hail” and “Call me not Lord, for I am a lady”: Thayer, Roman History by Cassius Dio: Epitome of Book LXXX.
Jeanne D’Arc (Joan of Arc)
* * *
Brooks, Polly Schoyer. Beyond the Myth: The Story of Joan of Arc. New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1990.
Castor, Helen. Joan of Arc: A History. New York: HarperCollins, 2015.
Crane, Susan. “Clothing and Gender Definition: Joan of Arc.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 26, no. 2 (Spring 1996): 297–320.
Sackville-West, Vita. Saint Joan of Arc. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1936.
Sanguinetti, Emilia Philomena. Joan of Arc: Her Trial Transcripts. Dallas, TX: Little Flower, 2015.
All cited references use the Anglicized “Joan” to refer to Jeanne. “Jeanne” is the French spelling used by Jeanne and her contemporaries.
“God’s will is done”: Castor, 127.
“In her”: Sanguinetti, 80.
Kristina Vasa (Christina of Sweden)
* * *
Buckley, Veronica. Christina Queen of Sweden: The Restless Life of a European Eccentric. New York: Harper Perennial, 2004.
Christina, Queen of Sweden. Maxims of a Queen, Christina of Sweden (1626–89). Una Birch, transl. Forgotten Books, 2012.
Goldsmith, Margaret. Christina of Sweden: A Psychological Biography. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1933.
Herbermann, Charles George, ed. The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. Vol. 3. New York: Encyclopedia Press, 1908.
Stolpe, Sven. Christina of Sweden. Edited by Sir Alec Randall. New York: Macmillan, 1966.
Woodhead, Henry. Memoirs of Christina, Queen of Sweden. 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1863.
All cited references use female pronouns to refer to Kristina. Gender-neutral pronouns were chosen as the most appropriate for this individual because their gender identity is unclear.
All cited references use the Anglicized “Christina” to refer to Kristina. “Kristina” is the Swedish spelling used by Kristina and their contemporaries.
“I hope this girl . . .”: Woodhead, Vol. 1, 11–12.
“As a young girl . . .”: Buckley, 55.
“It is almost impossible . . .”: Woodhead, Vol. 1, 95.
“Tenderness”: Woodhead, Vol. 2, 205.
“In whatever part of the world . . .”: Woodhead, Vol. 2, 204.
“My love is so strong . . .”: Woodhead, Vol. 1, 201.
“Could not bear . . .”: Buckley, 72.
“Felt such a repulsion . . .”: Goldsmith, 72–73.
“I am free at last!”: Woodhead, Vol. 2, 169.
Juana Inés de la Cruz
* * *
Calvo, Hortensia, and Beatriz Colombi, eds. Cartas De Lysi: La mecenas de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz en correspondencia inédita. Madrid: IberoamericanaVervuert, 2015.
de la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés. “Selected Works.” Isle of Lesbos. Translated by Alan S. Trueblood. Accessed June 17, 2016. www.sappho.com/poetry/j_ines.html.
———. Sor Juana’s Love Poems. Joan Larkin and Jaime Manrique, transl. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Paz, Octavio. Sor Juana, or, The Traps of Faith. Translated by Margaret Sayers Peden. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1988.
Rupp, Leila. Sapphistries: A Global History of Love between Women. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
Wesley Ministry Network. “Reading for Session 4. Juana Inés de la Cruz: Respuesta a Sor Filotea de la Cruz (1690).” Women Speak of God: Participant’s Guide. Accessed June 7, 2016. www.wesleyministrynetwork.com/wsog/sample_lesson.pdf.
Opening poem: Rupp, 76–77.
“Loving you is a crime . . .”: de la Cruz.
“That you’re a woman . . .”: de la Cruz.
“Who merely by virtue of being men . . .”: Wesley Ministry Network.
“From all I did not say . . .”: Paz, 223.
Abraham Lincoln
* * *
Flynt, Larry, and David Eisenbach. One Nation under Sex: How the Private Lives of Presidents, First Ladies and Their Lovers Changed the Course of American History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Goodheart, Adam. “The Bedfellows’ Reunion.” New York Times, November 25, 2010. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/the-bedfellows-reunion/?_r=0.
Johnson, Martin P. “Did Abraham Lincoln Sleep with His Bodyguard? Another Look at the Evidence.” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, 27, no. 2 (Summer 2006): 42–55.
Katz, Jonathan Ned. Love Stories: Sex between Men before Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
Speed, Joshua Fry. Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln and Notes of a Visit to California: Two Lectures. Louisville, KY: John P. Morton, 1884.
Stozier, Charles B. Your Friend Forever, A. Lincoln: The Enduring Friendship of Abraham Lincoln and Joshua Speed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
Tripp, C. A. The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Free Press, 2005.
Vidal, Gore. “Was Lincoln Bisexual?” Vanity Fair, January 2005. www.vanityfair.com/news/2005/01/lincoln200501.
“I am now the most miserable man living”: Flynt, 58.
“I have a large room . . .”: Speed, 22.
“No two men were ever more intimate”: Flynt, 57.
“Loved this man . . .”: Flynt, 57.
“Indescribably horrible”: Tripp, 150.
“Far happier than . . .”: Katz, 23.
“Lincoln looked and acted . . .”: Tripp, 157.
“Tish says . . .”: Tripp, 1.
“In Mrs. Lincoln’s absence . . .”: Tripp, 3.
“Speed and Lincoln poured . . .”: Tripp, 145.
Albert Cashier
* * *
Benck, Amy. “Albert D. J. Cashier: Woman Warrior, Insane Civil War Veteran, or Transman?” Accessed May 5, 2016. http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/tgi-bios/albert-cashier.
Blanton, DeAnne, and Lauren M. Cook. They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
Clausius, Gerhard P. “The Little Soldier of the 95th: Albert D. J. Cashier.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908–1984), 51, no. 4 (1958): 380–87.
Lawson, Don. Also Known as Albert D. J. Cashier: The Jennie Hodgers Story, or How One Young Irish Girl Joined the Union Army during the Civil War. Chicago: Compass Rose Cultural Crossroads, 2005.
Paul, Linda. “In Civil War, Woman Fought Like a Man for Freedom.” All Things Considered. May 24, 2009. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104452266.
US National Park Service. “Jennie Hodgers, aka Private Albert Cashier.” Accessed May 5, 2016. https://www.nps.gov/articles/Jennie-hodgers-aka-private-albert-cashier.htm.
Most cited references use female pronouns and the name Jennie Hodgers to refer to Albert. Male pronouns and the name Albert Cashier were chosen as
the most appropriate for this individual because of their life living as male. The decision to mention Albert’s birth name at all in this chapter was due to historical storytelling necessity.
“He was a right feisty . . .”: Lawson, 202.
“Those colors should be flying free!”: Lawson, 223.
“He might be the littlest . . .”: Lawson, 224.
Gertrude “Ma” Rainey
* * *
Brown, Sterling A. “Ma Rainey.” AfroPoets Famous Writers. Accessed October 29, 2015. www.afropoets.net/sterlingbrown8.html.
Davis, Angela Y. Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude “Ma” Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998.
Davis, Francis. The History of the Blues: The Roots, the Music, the People from Charley Patton to Robert Cray. New York: Hyperion, 1995.
Katz, Jonathan Ned. “Ma Rainey’s ‘Prove It on Me Blues,’” 1928. Accessed November 10, 2015. http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/rainey/rainey2.
McGasko, Joe. “The Mother and the Empress: Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith.” May 15, 2015. www.biography.com/news /bessie-smith-ma-rainey-biography.
Memphis Minnie. “Ma Rainey.” Accessed October 29, 2015. www.oldielyrics.com/lyrics/memphis_minnie/ma_rainey.html.
Oakley, Giles. The Devil’s Music: A History of the Blues. New York: Taplinger, 1977.
“Prove It on Me Blues” lyrics: Davis, 1998, 39–40.
“People it sure look lonesome . . .”: Memphis Minnie.
Lili Elbe
* * *
Hoyer, Niels. Man into Woman. London: Jarrolds Publishers, 1933.
Meyerowitz, Joanne. How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002.
Rohrer, Megan. “Surgery: From Top to Bottom.” Accessed April 27, 2016. http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/man-i-fest/exhibit/surgery.
The way Lili’s life and transition are described is based on her own detailed account of it in Hoyer, including the times male pronouns and the name Einar Wegener are used.
“You look just as if . . .”: Hoyer, 64.
“You were certainly a girl . . .”: Hoyer, 65.
“I understand you . . .”: Hoyer, 27.
“It may be said that . . .”: Hoyer, 278.
Frida Kahlo
* * *
Collins, Amy Fine. “Diary of a Mad Artist.” Vanity Fair, September 3, 2013. www.vanityfair.com/culture/1995/09/frida-kahlo-diego-rivera-art-diary.
Herrera, Hayden. Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo. New York: Harper & Row, 1983.
History Chicks, The. “Episode 42: Frida Kahlo.” Podcast audio, September 9, 2015. http://thehistorychicks.com/episode-42-frida-kahlo-2.
“I didn’t come here for fun . . .”: Herrera, 88.
“I did not know it then . . .”: Herrera, 89.
“Woman chaser”: Herrera, 87.
“I see you’re interested in my daughter . . .” conversation: Herrera, 89.
“An elephant and a dove”: Herrera, 99.
“Make love . . .”: Herrera, 199.
Mercedes de Acosta
* * *
Cohen, Lisa. All We Know: Three Lives. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012.
Schanke, Robert A. “That Furious Lesbian”: The Story of Mercedes de Acosta. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2003.
Vickers, Hugo. Loving Garbo: The Story of Greta Garbo, Cecil Beaton, and Mercedes de Acosta. New York: Random House, 1994.
The decision to use female pronouns for Mercedes de Acosta was made because she used them for herself throughout her life after childhood.
Opening scene: Vickers, 9–10.
“The tragedy”: Vickers, 9.
“In that one brief second . . .”: Vickers, 10.
“I am not a boy . . .”: Cohen, 161.
“I do not understand . . .”: Vickers, 10.
Truman Capote anecdote: Vickers, 12.
“Pour my love into you”: Vickers, 76.
“I can get any woman . . .”: Vickers, 12.
“I was walking on flowers . . .”: Schanke, 114.
“Golden One”: Vickers, 61.
“In Europe it doesn’t matter . . .”: Vickers, 58.
“I bought it for you in Berlin”: Vickers, 27.
“You and me. There is no other way”: Schanke, 150.
Eleanor Roosevelt
* * *
Burns, Ken. The Roosevelts: An Intimate History. PBS, 2014.
Cook, Blanche Wiesen. Eleanor Roosevelt: Vol. I, 1884–1933. New York: Viking Penguin, 1992.
Hickok, Lorena. Reluctant First Lady: An Intimate Story of Eleanor Roosevelt’s Early Public Life. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1962.
Lash, Joseph P. Love, Eleanor: Eleanor Roosevelt and her Friends. New York: Doubleday, 1982.
Potter, Claire Bond. “Public Figures, Private Lives: Eleanor Roosevelt, J. Edgar Hoover, and a Queer Political History.” In Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History. Edited by Leila J. and Susan K. Freeman Rupp, 199–212. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014.
Pottker, Jan. Sara and Eleanor: The Story of Sara Delano Roosevelt and Her Daughter-in-Law, Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2004.
Streitmatter, Rodger, ed. Empty without You: The Intimate Letters of Eleanor Roosevelt and Lorena Hickok. New York: Free Press, 1998.
US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. “100 Years of Marriage and Divorce Statistics United States, 1867–1967.” Rockville, MD, 1973.
“Ordeal to be born”: Pottker, 116.
“Love nest”: Streitmatter, xix.
“Your mother wasn’t . . .”: Streitmatter, xxii.
Letter excerpts: Streitmatter.
“I love you with all my heart”: Streitmatter, 225.
Bayard Rustin
* * *
D’Emilio, John. Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
Drayton, Robert. “The Personal Life of Bayard Rustin.” OUT. January 18, 2016. www.out.com/news-opinion/2013/08/28/bayard-rustin-walter-naegle-partner-gay-civil-rights-activist-march-washington.
Opening scene: D’Emilio, 46.
“This man impresses me . . .”: D’Emilio, 100.
“Being black, being homosexual . . .”: Drayton.
Alan Turing
* * *
Hodges, Andrew. Alan Turing: The Enigma. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.
“He was a real convert . . .”: Hodges, 575.
Josef Kohout
* * *
Heger, Heinz. The Men with the Pink Triangle. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1980.
Setterington, Ken. Branded by the Pink Triangle. Toronto: Second Story, 2013.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Documenting Nazi Persecution of Gays: The Josef Kohout/Wilhelm Kroepfl Collection.” Accessed April 29, 2016. https://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/curators-corner/documenting-nazi-persecution-of-gays-the-josef-kohout-wilhelm-kroepfl-collection.
———. “Paragraph 175.” Accessed April 28, 2016. https://www.ushmm.org/learn/students/learning-materials-and-resources/homosexuals-victims-of-the-nazi-era/paragraph-175.
Opening scene: Heger, 71.
“It’s your life and you must live it . . .”: Heger, 20.
“You are a queer . . .”: Heger, 23.
“In eternal love and deepest affection”: Heger, 23.
“A male who commits lewd . . .”: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Paragraph 175.
“You want to come with me?”: Heger, 48.
“God protect our son!”: Heger, 22.
José Sarria
* * *
Gorman, Michael R. The Empress Is a Man: Stories from the Life of José Sarria. Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park, 1998.
Imperial Council of San Francisco. “Founder.” Accessed May 3, 2016. www.imperialcouncilsf.org/founder.html.
International Court System, The. �
��50 Years of Noble Deeds.” Accessed May 4, 2016. www.impcourt.org/8-about-us/213-about-us-2.
Sarria, José, interview by Paul Gabriel. San Francisco: GLBT Historical Society, September 15, 1996.
José used male pronouns when out of drag and female pronouns when in drag, following traditional etiquette.
Exchange starting with “What’s the charge, officer?”: Gorman, 179–180.
“United we stand . . .”: Gorman, 219.
“José was the first person . . .”: Gorman, 241.
“I proved my point . . .”: Gorman, 207.
Del Martin & Phyllis Lyon
* * *
Biren, Joan E. No Secret Anymore. San Francisco, CA: Frameline Distribution, 2007. Available on streaming online video.
Gallo, Marcia M. Different Daughters: A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.
Johnson, Dianna Lee. “A Narrative Life Story of Activist Phyllis Lyon and Her Reflections on a Life with Del Martin.” Master’s thesis, Grand Valley State University, 2012. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=theses.
Lagos, Marisa, Rachel Gordon, Chris Heredia, and Jill Tucker. “Same-Sex Weddings Start with Union of Elderly San Francisco Couple.” San Francisco Chronicle, June 17, 2008. www.sfgate.com/news/article/Same-sex-weddings-start-with-union-of-elderly-San-3208657.php.
Louÿs, Pierre. “Counsels.” Translated by Alvah C. Bessie. Accessed June 20, 2016. www.sacred-texts.com/cla/sob/index.htm.
“So I did”: Biren.
“Why worry about it”: Biren.
“Titles of editor . . .”: Johnson, 56.
“Something to do with love”: Biren.
“Only women know the art of love” is a line from “The Songs of Bilitis”: Louÿs.
“AMAZING”: Gallo, 1.
“Could have been a society . . .”: Gallo, 20.
“If slacks are worn . . .”: Gallo, 7.
“Your Name Is Safe!”: Gallo, 29.
