7WD 63–70, 16–19 September 1939.
8WD 73, 20 September 1939.
9WD 75, 22 September 1939.
10WML 275, 2 October 1939.
11Jean-Paul Sartre, Carnets de la drôle de guerre, Paris: Gallimard, 1995, pp. 116–21, 10 and 11 October 1939. This 1995 edition includes the first notebook, covering September–October 1939, which was omitted from the first French and English editions.
12WD 105, 15 October 1939.
13WD 120, 20 October 1939.
14WD 86, 4 October 1939.
15WD 98, 11 October 1939.
16WD 119, 29 October 1939.
17Sartre to SdB, 30 October 1939, WML 322–3.
18WD 129–30, 2 November 1939.
19SdB to Algren, 8 August 1948, TALA 208.
20WD 132–3, 3 November 1939.
21See WD 109 for the commendation.
22WD 143, 147, 9–12 November 1939.
23See Annabelle Martin Golay, Beauvoir intime et politique: La fabrique des Mémoires, Villeneuve d’Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2013, p. 147.
24WD 144, 10 November 1939.
25WD 147, 11 November 1939.
26See WD 147–9.
27WD 157, 16 November 1939; WD 159.
28WD 176–7, 2 December 1939.
29WD 192, 14 December 1939. For Marie Ville’s comments see WD 187. Marie Ville is called Marie Girard or ‘the Moon Woman’ in the memoirs and diaries.
30SdB to Sartre, 11 December 1939, LS 206.
31SdB to Sartre, 14 December 1939. Lettres à Sartre, p. 351 (French edition).
32WD 192, 13 December 1939.
33Note that in this letter there is no mention of having been loved this way by Olga. SdB to Sartre, 21 December 1939, LS 223.
34WD 210, 30 December 1939.
35WD 210, 30 December 1939.
36SdB to Sartre, 14 December 1939. Lettres à Sartre, p. 350. In her diary the same day she wrote: ‘I don’t know how he is going to give a content to his ethics’ (14 December 1939, WD 192).
37Beauvoir, cited in Bair, p. 270.
38SdB to Sartre, 12 January 1940, LS 252.
39See Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair, p. 90.
40See WD 217–20.
41Sartre to SdB, 12 January 1940, QM 25.
42SdB to Sartre, 14 January 1940, LS 255.
43Sartre to SdB, 16 January 1940, QM 31.
44Sartre to SdB, 17 January 1940, QM 33.
45SdB to Sartre, 19 January 1940, LS 261.
46Sartre to SdB, 18 February 1940, QM 61.
47Sartre to SdB, 19 February 1940, QM 64.
48SdB to Bost, 5 February 1939, CC 234.
49SdB to Sartre, 18 February 1940, LS 277.
50Sartre to SdB, 29 February 1940, QM 87–8.
51SdB to Sartre, 4 March 1940, in LS 285.
52Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair, p. 9.
53Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair, p. 86.
54SdB to Sartre, 27 February 1940, LS 279.
55Sartre to SdB, 28 February 1940, QM 85.
56SdB to Sartre, 1 March 1940, LS 282.
57SdB to Sartre, 4 March 1940, LS 285.
58See LS 311.
59SLBdB, ‘Chronologie’, MPI lxxix.
60Sartre to SdB, 29 May 1940, QM 206.
61SdB to Sartre, 11 July 1940, LS 312.
62SdB to Sartre, 11 July 1940, LS 315.
63For more see Ursula Tidd, Simone de Beauvoir, London: Reaktion, 2009, p. 70.
64Bair, pp. 242–3.
65Sandrine Sanos, Simone de Beauvoir, p. 88.
66Simone de Beauvoir, La Force de l’âge, Paris: Gallimard, 1960, p. 549.
67PL 456–7.
68PL 456–8. See also WD 304–9.
69WD 304, 6 July 1940.
70Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair, p. 89.
71Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair, pp. 94, 92.
72WD 318, 19 November 1940.
73WD 320, 9 January 1941.
74WD 320, 21 January 1941.
75VED 104.
76VED 31.
77VED 15.
78VED 42.
79Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir, ‘Chronologie’, MPI lxxxiii.
80Homosexuality was decriminalized in France in the 1790s. But on 6 August 1942, the Vichy Government introduced a law in the Penal Code increasing the age of consent for homosexual relations to 21 – it was 13 for heterosexual ones but this would be increased to 15 in 1945. (Penal Code article 334 [moved to article 331 on 8 February 1945], ordonnance 45–190, Provisional Government of the French Republic.)
81See Ingrid Galster, Beauvoir dans tout ses états, Paris: Tallandier, 2007.
82Although she may have begun earlier, at least by the 1942–43 academic year at the Lycée Camille Sée, Beauvoir taught her students phenomenology. One of her students, Geneviève Sevel, described her courses as ‘united by the perspective of phenomenology’, and expressed gratitude to Beauvoir ‘for having introduced [her] so early and with such an intellectual talent to the thought of Husserl and Heidegger’, which was not yet taught in French universities. Geneviève Sevel, ‘Je considère comme une grande chance d’avoir pu recevoir son enseignement’, Lendemains 94 (1999): 48.
83See SdB to Sartre, 20 January 1944, LS 380.
84Ingrid Galster, ‘Simone de Beauvoir et Radio-Vichy: A propos de quelques scenarios retrouvés’, Romanische Forschungen 108. Bd. H. 1/2 (1996): 112–32.
85See LS 384 n. 320; ‘Chronologie’, MPI lxxxi.
Chapter 9
1WD 320, 21 January 1941.
2PL 434.
3SCTS 343.
4PL 340.
5SCTS 6–7.
6Angela Carter, ‘Colette’, London Review of Books 2(19) 2 October 1980: 15–17.
7Edward Fullbrook and Kate Fullbrook, Sex and Philosophy, London: Continuum, 2008, 79 & passim.
8PL 434.
9See VED 68.
10SCTS 108.
11SCTS 17.
12SCTS 16.
13SCTS 158.
14SCTS 159.
15See SCTS 124, 207, 297, 337.
16SCTS 244.
17Claude Francis and Fernande Gontier, Les écrits de Simone de Beauvoir, Paris: Gallimard, 1979, p. 16. See SCTS 371.
18SdB to Sartre, LS 21.
19SCTS, chapter 8.
20‘Introduction’, MPI: xii.
21‘Notes’ autour de Tout compte fait, MPI 984.
22See LS 381 n. 318.
23The scholarly sources indicate that there were seven such articles; it is unclear whether he asked her or she volunteered. Ursula Tidd, ‘Some Thoughts on an Interview with Sylvie le Bon de Beauvoir’, Simone de Beauvoir Studies 12 (1995): 22–3.
24PL 46.
25Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness, trans. Hazel Barnes, London: Routledge, 2003, p. 647.
26Sartre, Being and Nothingness, 627.
27PC 90.
28PC 92, altered translation. The French noun ‘enfant’ is masculine so this passage was translated with male pronouns in English; but the story matches the story from Simone’s own childhood, later recorded in Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter in 1958, so I have used ‘her’ instead of ‘his’.
29PC 93.
30PC 107.
31Although she says here that ‘I don’t know if God exists’ (PC 116).
32PC 118.
33It was not ‘freedom from the self’ that mattered, as Sartre’s ‘transcendence of the ego’ suggested, but rather the freedom to become an ethical self. Many Beauvoir scholars have written excellent material on this topic, including Karen Vintges, ‘Introduction’ to ‘Jean Paul Sartre’, PW 223–8 and ‘Simone de Beauvoir: A Feminist Thinker for the Twenty-First Century’ in Margaret Simons (ed.) The Philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006; Sonia Kruks, Situation and Human Existence: Freedom, Subjectivity, and Society, London: Unwin Hyman, 1990; Nancy Bauer, Simone de Beauvoir, Philosophy, and Feminism, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
34LS 389, SdB to Sartre
, 13 December 1945.
35Lamblin, A Disgraceful Affair, p. 170.
36FC 75.
37‘Dominique Aury, ‘Qu’est-ce que l’existentialisme? Escarmouches et patrouilles’, Les Lettres françaises, 1 December 1945, p. 4, cited in Simons, ‘Introduction’, PW 11 n. 14.
Chapter 10
1See Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 237.
2SdB to S, 26 July 1945, LS 386 n. 321.
3FC 46.
4Jean Lacroix, ‘Charité chrétienne et justice politique’, Esprit 1945 (February).
5BO, back cover.
6BO 128.
7BO 129.
8BO 174.
9UM 3.
10See BO 9.
11BO 17.
12BO 51.
13BO 102.
14For Jean, see BO 106; for Marcel, BO 126.
15PL 607.
16FC 44, 45.
17WD 322, 29 January 1941.
18UM 66.
19SdB to her mother, in Bair, p. 267.
20A. Collingnon, ‘Bouches inutiles aux Carrefours’, Opéra, 31 October 1944.
21FC 59.
22Jean-Jacques Gautier, writing in Figaro, cited in Maragaret A. Simons, ‘Introduction’ to ‘Literature and Metaphysics’, PW 263.
23Cited in UM 25.
24Emmanuel Levinas, in Jean Wahl, Petite histoire de ‘l’existentialisme’, Paris: Éditions Club Maintenant, 1946, pp. 84–6.
25It would be published in 1946 with the title ‘Literature and Metaphysics’.
26Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ‘Metaphysics and the Novel’, trans. Hubert Dreyfus and Patricia Allen Dreyfus, Sense and Nonsense, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, p. 28. First published as ‘Le roman et la métaphysique’, Cahiers du sud 270 (March 1945).
27‘Literature and Metaphysics’, PW 270.
28‘Literature and Metaphysics’, PW 274. In ‘Literature and Metaphysics’ Beauvoir distinguished between philosophers who expressed their metaphysics (that is, the way they grasped the world) into two groups: ‘system’ philosophers and ‘subjectivity’ philosophers. She wrote that it would be absurd for the former (such as Aristotle, Spinoza or Leibniz) to write novels, because they were not interested in subjectivity or temporality. But philosophers like Kierkegaard were attracted to using literary forms that communicated truths about individuals in their singularity, as they unfolded in time.
29See Jonathan Webber, Rethinking Existentialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 3.
30FC 164.
31Bair, p. 302.
32‘Existentialism and Popular Wisdom’, PW 210.
33‘Existentialism and Popular Wisdom’, PW 214.
34‘Existentialism and Popular Wisdom’, PW 204, 205.
35‘Existentialism and Popular Wisdom’, PW 216.
36‘Existentialism and Popular Wisdom’, PW 213.
37FC 27. See also LS 390 n. 350.
38SdB to JPS, 25 January 1946, LS 400.
39SdB to Sartre, 18 January 1946, LS 395.
40SdB to Sartre, 18 January 1946, LS 397.
41Sartre to SdB, February 1946 (n.d.), QM 274.
42Sartre to SdB, February 1946 (n.d.), QM 275.
43Cohen-Solal, Sartre, p. 279.
44TIME (1946) ‘Existentialism’, 28 January, 28–9.
45Sartre to SdB January 1946 (n.d.), QM 274. He reiterates a similar sentiment in February 1946, too.
46See Jean-Pierre Boulé, Sartre, Self-Formation and Masculinities, p. 168.
47Beauvoir, ‘An Eye for an Eye’, in Margaret Simons, ed., Philosophical Writings, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 245–60, here p. 257.
48FC 87.
49FC 78.
50FC 84.
51In Labyrinthe, see Sylvie le Bon de Beauvoir, ‘Chronologie’, xc. FC 92.
52ASD 105.
53For an example, see Letters to Sartre, 25 January 1946, ‘we’ve just had 300,000F out of the blue’. In the 1950s, too, letters referred to ‘our finances’ (see SdB to Sartre, 20 August 1950, LS 472).
54FC 171.
55See FC 70, 84.
56‘Introduction to an Ethics of Ambiguity’, PW 290.
57FC 103.
58DPS 259, 19 May 1927.
59DPS 284, 19 July 1927.
60WD 3 November 1939.
61WD 133.
62See SdB, in SdB, Simons and Todd, ‘Two Interviews with Simone de Beauvoir’, Hypatia 3:3 (1989): 17.
63La Force de l’age, p. 417, cited in Simons, 2010, p. 921.
64Sartre to SdB, QM 277–8.
65AMM 187.
66FC 72.
67FC 75.
68SSP 187.
69Elizabeth Fallaize, The Novels of Simone de Beauvoir, p. 83.
70FC 73.
71FC 72.
Chapter 11
1SdB to Sartre, 26 January 1947, LS 412.
2PL 138–41.
3ADD 15.
4SdB to Sartre, 30 January 1947, LS 415.
5See Margaret Simons, ‘Introduction’ to FW 2.
6See Bair, p. 389.
7SdB to Sartre, 11 February 1947, LS 425.
8Gunnar Myrdal, with Richard Sterner and Arnold Rose, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, New York: Harper, 1944, Appendix 3.
9‘The Talk of the Town’, The New Yorker, 22 February 1947.
10Beauvoir, ‘Problems for Women’s Literature’, 23 February 1947, France-Amérique 14. Translated by Véronique Zaytzeff and Frederick Morrison, in FW 24.
11Beauvoir ‘Problems for Women’s Literature’, FW 25.
12‘Women of Letters’, in FW 30.
13SdB to Sartre, 28 February 1947, LS 433.
14‘Chicago’s Bowery’, The Chicago Tribune, 13 November 1910.
15SdB to Sartre, 28 February 1947, LS 433.
16See SdB to NA, 12 March 1947, TALA 13.
17ADD 72.
18See Nancy Bauer, ‘Introduction’ to ‘Femininity: The Trap’, in FW 39.
19See ADD 40; and LS 419, 423, 427, 430.
20‘Femininity: The Trap’, FW 43.
21‘Femininity: The Trap’, FW 46.
22ADD 330–34.
23Daily Princetonian, 22–24 April 1947, cited in Francis and Gontier, Les écrits de Simone de Beauvoir, Textes inédits ou retrouvés, Paris: Gallimard, 1979, p. 147.
24ADD 57.
25ADD 272.
26ADD 58.
27SdB to Sartre, 24 April 1947, LS 451.
28Simons 182. See Diane Rubenstein, ‘“I hope I am not fated to live in Rochester”: America in the Work of Beauvoir’, Theory & Event 15:2 (2012).
29SdB to Sartre, 8 May 1947, LS 454.
30SdB to S, 8 May 1947, Lettres à Sartre, p. 355.
31SdB to NA, 17 May 1947, TALA 15.
32SdB to NA, 18 May 1947, TALA 16.
33SdB to NA, 17 January 1954, TALA 490.
34See SdB to NA, 23 May 1947, TALA 18.
35SdB to NA, 24 May 1947, TALA 19.
36See ADD 236–48; see also Margaret Simons, Beauvoir and The Second Sex: Feminism, Race, and the Origins of Existentialism, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001, p. 177.
37SdB to NA, 1 December 1947, TALA 113.
38SdB to NA 23 July 1947, TALA 51.
39Nelson Algren, ‘Last Rounds in Small Cafés: Remembrances of Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir’, Chicago, December 1980, p. 213, cited in Bair, pp. 335–6.
40SdB to NA, 26 September 1947, TALA 66.
41See Isabelle Grell, Les Chemins de la liberté de Sartre: genèse et écriture (1938–1952), Bern: Peter Lang, 2005, p. 155. On Swing’s later recollections, see Hazel Rowley, Tête-à-tête, p. 187. Rowley interviewed Swing in 2002. Sixty-two pieces of correspondence from Sartre to Swing are held by the Morgan Library in New York. Sartre refers to Swing as ‘the little one’ in correspondence to SdB; see QM 282.
42EA 101.
43EA 71.
44EA 40.
45EA 66.
46EA 71.
47Jean-Louis Jeannelle and Eliane Lecar
me-Tabone, ‘Introduction’, MPI xl. In English, see Webber, Rethinking Existentialism.
48A. de Waelhens, compte-rendu de Francis Jeanson, Le problème moral et la pensée de Sartre, Revue Philosophique de Louvain 1948 (10): 229.
49See Beauvoir, ‘What is Existentialism?’, PW.
50SdB to NA, Friday, 20 August 1948, TALA 213.
51FC 170.
52SdB to NA, 3 August 1948, TALA 206.
53SdB to NA, 8 August 1948, TALA 208.
54SdB to NA, Friday, 20 August 1948, TALA 210, 212.
55SdB to NA, Friday, 20 August 1948, TALA 214.
56SdB to NA, 26 August 1948, TALA 216.
57SdB to NA, 31 December 1948, TALA 254.
58Sartre, quoted in interview with John Gerassi, Talking with Sartre: Conversations and Debates, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009, p. 32.
Chapter 12
1PL 62.
2TALA 184. The novel was Ravages, but the early section Beauvoir read was too scandalous to be published with the rest of the book in 1954 – it wouldn’t appear in French until 2000 as Thérèse et Isabelle.
3DPS 77, 21 August 1926.
4Gisela Kaplan, Contemporary Western European Feminism, London: UCL Press, 1992, p. 163.
5Rosie Germain, ‘Reading The Second Sex in 1950s America’, The Historical Journal 56(4): 2013: 1041–62, p. 1045.
6Gustave Flaubert, cited in Allison Guidette-Georis, ‘Georges Sand et le troisième sexe’, Nineteenth Century French Studies 25 (1/2): 41–9, p. 41.
7SS 25.
8SS 32.
9SS 13.
10SS 37.
11FC 199.
12SS 475, 476.
13Schwarzer, Simone de Beauvoir Today, p. 71.
14François Mauriac, ‘Demande d’enquête’, Le Figaro, (1949), 30 May. See Ingrid Galster, Le Deuxième Sexe de Simone de Beauvoir, Paris: Presse universitaire Paris-Sorbonne, 2004, p. 21. Beauvoir discusses the reaction to this chapter’s publication in FC 197.
15FC 197.
16See Ingrid Galster, Le Deuxième Sexe de Simone de Beauvoir, p. 45 n. 33, for the full note, which mentioned her clitoris, too.
17FC 196.
18SS 46.
19Marie-Louise Barron, ‘De Simone de Beauvoir à Amour Digest. Les croisés de l’émancipation par le sexe’, Les Lettres françaises (1949), 23 June. Ibid. p. 128.
20Armand Hoog, ‘Madame de Beauvoir et son sexe’, La Nef (1949), August. Ibid. p. 161.
21FC 192ff.
22Cited in Brooke Horvath, Understanding Nelson Algren, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005, p. 7.
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