by Mark Bowden
in exile, 61;
sister of, 44, 245;
surrender to police, 126
oligarchs, 12, 18, 44, 112, 120
Organization of American States (OAS), 10, 13, 353, 354, 363, 377
Ortega, Jairo, 41, 49, 50–52, 53
Ospina, Lisandro, 240
Ospina, Mariano, 12–13, 15
Ospina, Rodolpho, 239, 240, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 258, 260, 261, 357, 373
Ossa, Carlos, 249, 258
outlaws, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
Pachon, Maruja, 124, 125, 129
paisas (hustlers), 24, 31, 89, 111
Panama City, 34, 61, 62, 63, 66, 69, 77, 86, 122
Pardo, Gen. Gustavo, 160, 162, 170, 176
Pardo, Rafael, 130, 153, 154, 158, 159, 172, 181, 205, 250, 306–7, 312, 364, 367, 369, 372, 373, 375;
Escobar's death and, 338–9;
La Catedral and, 156
Paredes, Freddy, 261
Parks, W.Hays, 108, 364, 370
Parra, Guido, 122, 124, 126, 254, 255, 258
Passic, Gregory, 261
Pastrana, Andrés, 74, 75
Peña, Javier, 201, 208, 233, 340, 363, 364;
Los Pepes and, 348
Pepes, Los, 233–4, 237–8, 241, 247–9, 251–2, 254, 258, 260–265, 286, 289, 294, 300, 355–6;
Bloque de Busqueda (Search Bloc) and, 234, 261–4, 289, 316, 343, 348;
Colonel Martinez and, 247–8, 289, 297, 299, 347–8, 356;
Escobar family and, 254, 276, 278, 303, 304, 306, 312–13;
Escobar's lawyers and, 252, 255, 256, 354;
leaders of, 278, 348, 357;
Toft and, 260, 358;
United States and, 251, 257–8, 260, 262, 287, 290
Perez, Col. José, 269
Pershing, Gen. John J., 38
Peru, 16, 34
Pinochet, Augusto, 235
Pinzon, Lt. Col. Lino, 197, 198, 201–6
plata o plomo ("silver or lead"), 33, 55, 69, 70, 71, 127
Policiá Nacional de Colombia (PNC), 60, 65, 73, 83, 85, 89, 121, 143, 174, 187, 234;
Bloque de Busqueda (Search Bloc) and, 87–90;
chief of intelligence for, 336,
Colonel Martinez and, 87–92, 115, 207, 349;
corruption within, 69, 85, 91–2, 94, 249, 251, 357–8;
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and, 98, 235, 257;
Los Pepes and, 233, 260–263, 306;
murder of officers, 118, 127, 133, 223, 238, 243, 248, 349;
raids by, 59, 77,
politicians, 41, 55
"Popeye" (sicario), 167, 210, 234, 366
Porras, Evaristo, 50, 51, 53
Posada, Jose, 258
Powell, Gen. Colin, 187, 196, 287, 288
Quayle, Dan, 136
Quintero, Nydia, 123, 127
radio direction finding, 96–7, 227, 274–6, 280, 291, 345
Ramirez, Enrique, 246
Ramirez, Eugenio, 261
rape, 18,
Reagan, Ronald, 56, 73, 85, 136
Reagan administration, 67, 73, 79
Renteria, Poncho, 52–3, 364, 366, 369
Restrepo, Fabio, 31
Restrepo, Luz Mila, 259
revolution, 10
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. See FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia)
Roa, Juan, 14
Rodríguez-Gacha, José, 34, 61, 79, 87, 95, 104, 105, 106, 111, 113, 116;
Centra Spike and, 109;
death of, 109, 110, 112;
in exile, 66, 67;
indictments of, 95;
as threat to American citizens, 107;
wealth of, 29, 104
Rodríguez-Orejuela, Gilberto, 76, 299, 313, 358, 361
Rodríguez-Orejuela, Miguel, 76, 313, 360, 361
Rodríguez-Orejuela brothers, 34, 77
Rojas, Gen. Gustavo, 18
Roldan, Antonio, 95
Rua, Jaime Alberto, 319
"Rubin" (pilot), 30–32, 35, 61, 66, 245–6, 364, 367, 368, 374
safe houses, 242
Samper, Ernesto, 360
Sandinistas, 67
Sangrenegra (outlaw), 17, 19
Sante Fe Report, 58
Santofimio, Alberto, 41, 62
Santos, Colonel, 199–202, 206, 221, 224, 225, 235, 317, 344
Santos, Francisco, 122, 126, 129
Scotland Yard, 14
Seal, Barry, 66, 67, 368
Search Bloc. See Bloque de Busqueda (Search Bloc)
Serrano, Gen. José, 87, 349, 361, 364, 369
Sheehan, Lt. Gen. Jack, 286–90, 331, 364, 374
Sheridan, Brian, 260, 261, 262, 288–9, 364, 373, 374
sicarios (paid gunmen), 67, 72, 79, 106, 114, 118, 119, 128, 155, 167, 178, 234, 246, 259, 263, 345;
activities in United States, 67, 185,;
aided by police, 89;
assassinations of politicians, 80, 84, 129;
Avianca airliner bombing and, 106, 147;
killed by police, 127, 221–2, 269;
killing of policemen, 74, 238, 269;
in prison with Escobar, 128, 144
Silva, Miguel, 169
Slocumbe, Walter B., 290
socialism, 10
Somalia, 285, 287
soplos (snitches), 228–30, 265
Spain, 310
Spaniards, 16
Suarez, Reynaldo, 255
Suriname, 235
Tairona people, 16
Tambs, Lewis, 56, 58, 59, 60, 68, 368
Tapias, Gustavo, 246
Tarzan (outlaw), 17
Tejeiro, José del Carmen, 17
terrorism, 13, 71, 86, 100, 108, 121, 146, 187, 213, 233, 236, 244, 252
Tirofijo (outlaw), 17, 19
Toft, Joe, 178, 181–2, 183, 196, 205, 264, 358, 363, 364, 372, 373, 374, 375;
Cali cartel and, 351, 355, 358, 359;
drug war and, 300;
Escobar family and, 351;
Escobar's death and, 340–342;
killings of Colombian police and, 223;
life after Pablo Escobar, 355–61;
Los Pepes and, 233, 260
torture, 111, 113, 117
Tranquilandia, 59, 60, 368
Tupamaro guerrillas, 235
Turbay, Diana, 121, 125, 127, 133
Turbay, Julio, 41, 121, 122, 123
Union Patriotica Party, 94
United States, 10, 23, 30, 37, 38, 41, 52, 55, 66, 68, 69, 73, 79, 92, 99, 101, 105, 107, 108, 148, 157, 185, 197, 213, 221–2, 226, 231, 239;
armed forces of, 86, 95, 109, 183, 221, 255, 258, 282, 283, 289, 344;
cocaine shipped to, 29, 85, 110, 143, 177, 345, 359–60;
Colombian informants in, 98, 246;
Colombian sovereignty and, 165;
drug use in, 56, 57, 136–7, 359–60;
Escobar's trips to, 42, 44;
indictments for Escobar, 85, 128, 182;
intelligence operations in Colombia, 211;
treaties with Colombia, 43–4, 60, 70, 72;
war on drugs, 56, 85, 360.
See also U.S. Embassy (Bogotá)
Urdinola, Ivan, 209
Uribe, Roberto, 75–6, 77, 84, 144, 146, 147, 253–4, 364, 367, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 375;
life after Pablo Escobar, 354;
Los Pepes and, 255, 354
Uribe, Santiago, 195, 253, 255
Uruguay, 235
U.S. Embassy (Bogotá), 54, 64, 99, 103–5, 111, 113–14, 118–19, 150, 174, 177, 181–2, 191, 202–4, 222, 226, 233, 235, 238, 240, 251, 256–7, 264, 269, 293, 305, 307, 308, 344, 356, 360;
CIA and, 98, 99, 211;
Escobar family and, 351;
Escobar's escape and, 187, 192, 197, 303;
Escobar's imprisonment and, 151–2;
Lara and, 48, 55, 56, 59;
threats against, 192.
See also United States
Valencia, Carlos, 95
Vallejo, Jorge, 95
Varg
as, Leonidas, 246
Vargas-Silva, Gen. Octavio, 91, 92, 299, 342, 348, 355, 361, 364, 369, 375
Vasco, Luis, 33
Vega, Sgt. Maj. Joe, 202, 203, 206, 374
Velasquez, Jhon Jairo. See "Popeye" (sicario)
Velasquez, Jorge, 109
Velez, Judge Myrian, 253
Venezuela, 16, 17
Vera, Luis, 94
Vietnam War, 236, 243
vigilantes, 249, 258, 289, 294, 303, 313, 349, 358
Villa, Pancho, 38, 210, 315
Villamizar, Alberto, 130, 131, 133
Violencia, La, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 146;
Colombian constitution and, 178;
easing of, 22
Wagner, Bill, 180, 196, 206, 208, 235–6, 256–7;
as CIA station chief, 178;
hunt for Escobar and, 221;
Los Pepes and, 233
War of the Thousand Days, 17
war on drugs, 56, 73, 85, 182, 360
women, 19, 35–6, 40, 146, 223
Zapata, Juan Camilo, 300–302, 313, 324
Zapata, Raul, 254
