by Morris, Ian;
Cold War, 526, 535, 546, 608
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 392
Collapse (Diamond), 621
Collection of Biographies of Famous Women (Wu Zetian), 340
Collège de France, 106
Cologne Cathedral, 187
Columbian Exchange, 295–96, 464
Columbus, Christopher, 16, 17, 19, 22, 228, 385, 414, 416, 417, 422, 429, 430, 464, 589
communism, 11, 15–16, 505, 531, 533, 534, 541, 570, 579
Chinese, 51–52, 149, 212, 534, 543–49, 579, 588, 606
collapse of, 549–51
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 506, 514
Comnena, Anna, 372
Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings from the Earliest to Current Times (Kangxi), 477
Confucianism, 10, 255, 256, 260, 263, 282n, 323, 345, 406, 477, 516, 521, 546, 571, 589
in Asian Tigers, 543
freethinker challenges to, 320–21
French Enlightenment and, 472
hierarchical universe of, 285
Legalism and, 259
Neo-, 376
rituals of, 204, 302
social development and, 327, 570
women and, 339, 340
Confucius, 14, 124, 148, 255–59, 262, 420, 423, 426, 589, 590
Congo, 519–20
Congress, U.S., 8
Budget Office, 586
Conrad, Joseph, 519, 520
Constantine, Emperor, 328, 329
Constantinople, 312, 317, 343, 348, 349, 352–53, 371–73, 445, 482n
and fall of Roman Empire, 314–16, 319
Ottoman assault on, 403, 438, 444
plague in, 346, 347
Cook, Earl, 154–57
Coppola, Francis Ford, 520n
Cort, Henry, 497
Cortés, Hernán, 17, 413, 417, 422, 426, 430, 432, 433, 460
Cossacks, 459
Crassus, 292–93
Crete, 189, 196, 197, 239
Crimea, 57, 81, 395, 397
Crompton, Samuel, 496
Crosby, Alfred, 22, 295, 464
Crusades, 19, 372–73, 427
Cuba, 416, 462
missile crisis, 580
Cyprus, 107, 216, 218, 233, 239
Cyrus, King, 248–50, 279, 292
Czech Republic, 446
Daimler, Gottlieb, 510
Dai Zhen, 481
Damascus, 246, 248, 357, 397, 401
Dao’an, 323, 325
Daoguang, Emperor, 6–10, 516
Daoism, 11, 255–59, 261, 302, 321, 327, 374–75
Darius, King, 249–50, 267–68, 278, 292, 294, 457
Dark Age Cold Period, 297, 304
Darwin, Charles, 45, 73, 136, 139
David, King, 234, 235
Davies, Norman, 41, 116
Day After Tomorrow, The (film), 91–92
Decius, Emperor, 328
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), U.S., 595, 597
Defense Department, U.S., 550–51
Defoe, Daniel, 455, 486, 495–96
De Gaulle, Charles, 106
Deng Xiaoping, 547–49, 552, 567
deoxyribonucleic acid, see DNA
Descartes, René, 468, 574
Dharmaraksa, 321–22
Diamond, Jared, 17, 21, 621
Diaotonghuan Cave (China), 121–22
Dias, Bartolomeu, 414, 416
Dickens, Charles, 170, 503–504, 506, 514, 553, 583
Din, Rashid al-, 393
Dinggong (China), 203
Diocletian, Emperor, 311
Di people, 244, 263
Discover (magazine), 125
disease, 10, 17, 224, 302, 317, 346, 418, 459, 560, 598, 604, 610, 611
farming and, 109
population decline and, 392, 397, 454
resistance to, 538
spread of, 88, 308, 603 (see also epidemics; plagues)
Disraeli, Benjamin, 163
Di Xin, King, 212, 221–22
Djoser, King, 187
Dmanisi (Georgia), 47, 49
DNA, 58, 60n, 70–73, 98, 110–12, 118, 273, 342, 595, 596, 603
DolníVestonice (Czech Republic), 79
Domesday Book, 368
Donglin Academy, 473
Dongxiafeng (China), 209
Dong Zhuo, 302–303
Douglas, David, 612
Drake, Francis, 463
Drake Equation, 614
Dream of the Red Chamber (Cao Xueqin), 503
drought, 193, 206, 217, 224–25, 405, 601
Drug Enforcement Agency, U.S., 8
Dunhuang (China), 321, 338
Dutch, see Netherlands
East Germany, 550
Economist, The (magazine), 135–36, 506–507, 520
Eddington, Arthur, 145, 150
Edo (Japan), 482n, 483; see also Tokyo
education, 146, 147, 510, 513, 540, 553, 570
mass, 506, 523
Egypt, 33, 159, 182, 234, 235, 273, 323, 325, 349, 369, 431, 605n
agriculture in, 107, 250, 360
archaelogical sites in, 201, 202, 222, 274, 275, 282, 289
Assyria and, 247, 248
breakup of ancient state of, 239, 243
Christianity in, 352
Great Pyramid of, 370
hieroglyphic texts of, 137, 285, 187, 217, 240
Hyksos invasion of, 197, 198
impact of climate change on, 184–85, 206, 335
Mongol invasion of, 392
Muslim, 373
Napoleon in, 489
Ottoman conquest of, 445
Persia and, 249, 348
pharaonic, 185–200, 216–20, 229, 261–62
plagues in, 296, 346, 398
prehistoric, 61, 68
Roman Empire and, 273, 283–84, 287, 311
Shang China compared with, 213–15, 221
in World War II, 532
Einstein, Albert, 144–47, 150, 470, 607–608, 610
Elam, 248
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), 542
Eliot, George, 135
Elizabeth I, Queen, 463
Elliot, Captain Charles, 8, 12
Elton, Geoffrey, 581
Elvin, Mark, 379–80
Elymians, 241, 242
Empedocles, 261
Encyclopedia or Reasoned Dictionary of the Sciences, the Arts, and the Crafts, 472
energy capture, 268, 287, 395, 497, 611–13, 615
social development and, 147–48, 153–57, 279, 381n, 515, 583, 591, 599, 611
Engels, Friedrich, 503–506, 512–14, 549
England, see Britain
Enlightenment, 14, 469–76, 488
Epic of Gilgamesh, 188
epidemics, 28, 35, 109, 295–98, 312, 347, 577
in China, 296, 297, 301, 304, 305, 308, 355, 392, 396, 473, 603
in Egypt, 217, 296
global, 598
in Roman Empire, 297, 308–10, 323
Erasmus, Desiderius, 417
Eridu (Mesopotamia), 179
Erlitou (China), 207–10, 214, 223
Essential Methods of the Common People, The, 334, 335, 377
Ethics (Aristotle), 260
Ethiopia, 328, 346, 349, 520
Etruria, 240
Etruscans, 242
European Coal and Steel Community, 533n
European Economic Community, 533n
European Parliament, 106
European Union, 533n, 551, 571, 605, 610
Eve, African, 71
Eynan, see ‘Ain Mallaha
Faeroe Islands, 421
Family Instructions of the Grandfather, The, 339
famines, 28, 35, 219, 298, 400, 418, 459, 511, 520, 560
in Assyria, 235
in China, 206, 304, 305, 354, 355, 392, 453, 517, 545, 547
climate change and, 224, 598, 604
in Europe, 418, 454
in Ireland, 505
in Japan, 484
/> in Mesopotamia, 194
Fan Kuan, 148
farming, 127–32, 189, 196, 233, 237, 240, 271, 482–83, 522, 552, 559–63, 601, 618–20
in China, 114, 117, 119–22, 201, 208, 222, 232, 238, 265, 298–99, 305, 317, 319, 334–36, 338, 369, 377, 405, 406, 516, 522, 544, 548
climate change and, 366–67, 599
in Egypt, 200, 250, 287, 319, 346, 360, 364, 380
energy consumption in, 154–55, 612
in Europe, 368–69, 467–68, 504, 505, 553
in Iraq, 360, 361
in Japan, 127–29, 484
in Mesopotamia, 177, 179–81, 183–85, 188, 192, 200, 250, 499, 561
of New World crops, 435, 437
origins of, 22, 34, 99–104, 115–22, 159, 169, 561, 566, 577
in Roman Empire, 286–87, 289–90, 309, 312, 315
in Soviet Union, 520
of steppes, 292, 294, 389, 459
transition from foraging to, 107–14, 116, 122, 127–29, 131, 184, 368, 430, 559, 596–97
in United States, 509, 529, 537–38
Fatherland (Harris), 579
Fatimids, 364, 366, 367
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 540
Ferguson, Niall, 509, 585
Fermi, Enrico, 613, 614
55 Days in Peking (film), 525
Five Classics, Chinese, 137
“Five Pecks of Grain” movement, 302
Five Year Plans, 543
Flagellants, 399
Florence, 396, 419–20, 438–39, 501, 502
Flores, 52–54, 55n, 60n
“Flow of Energy in an Industrial Society, The” (Cook), 154
Flowers in the Mirror (Li Ruzhen), 514
Flynn Effect, 570
Fogel, Robert, 583, 588
footbinding, 424–25
foraging, 80, 89, 101, 104–107, 118, 131, 191
global warming and, 84–85
Ice Age, 88, 100
transition to farming from, 107–14, 116, 127–29, 131, 184, 368, 559, 596–97
Younger Dryas, 94, 629; see also hunter-gatherers
fossil fuels, 35, 168, 216, 385, 388, 504, 507, 560, 564, 599, 627; see also coal; oil
Foundation novels (Asimov), 580–81, 614
Founding Fathers, 260
1421: The Year China Discovered America (Menzies), 408, 410
1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance (Menzies), 420n
Foxe, John, 436
FOXP2 gene, 58–59
France, 20, 353, 403–404, 437, 452, 608
American colonies of, 463
ancient, 33, 159, 287, 290 (see also Gaul)
British wars against, 486–89, 500
Catholic Church in, 370, 398
China and, 10, 518, 523
Enlightenment in, 472, 488
Habsburgs and, 447, 448
industrialization of, 501, 510, 572
medieval, 362–63, 370, 371
prehistoric, 56, 69, 74–75, 77
in World War I, 528; see also French Revolution
France, Anatole, 55
Frank, Andre Gunder, 19–21
French Revolution, 260, 488, 504
Freud, Sigmund, 261
Friedman, Thomas L., 600, 609
Fuchai, Viscount, 245
Fujian (China), 588
Gabriel, Archangel, 349–50, 566
Galileo, 418, 469, 470, 474
Gallup polls, 602
Gama, Vasco da, 430–31
Gan Ying, 273
Gaodi, Emperor, 283, 284, 293
Gates, Bill, 542
Gaul, 311, 314, 315, 347
Gaza, 218
Genghis Khan, 388–90, 393, 399, 401, 575–76
Genoa, 371, 372, 392, 402
Gerald of Wales, 367
Germanic peoples, 307, 308, 311, 313, 315, 325, 349, 563
Germany, 160, 187, 437, 455, 486, 526, 528, 530
Habsburgs in, 446
industrialization in, 510, 512, 521
medieval, 363, 368, 369
Mongol invasion of, 391
Nazi, 526, 531–33, 578–79, 587
prehistoric, 54, 58, 78–79
religious wars in, 454
in World War I, 526, 616
Ghazali, al-, 367
Gherardi, Giovanni, 479
Gibbon, Edward, 307, 326–27, 353, 403, 490, 574
Gilbert, W. S., 522–23
Gilgamesh, King, 188
Glasgow University, 494
global warming, 96, 119, 291, 598–601, 603
at end of Ice Age, 81–85, 561; see also Medieval Warm Period; Roman Warm Period
Glorious Revolution, 567
Göbekli Tepe (Turkey), 96
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 531
gold, 185, 188, 190, 200, 275, 294, 348, 414, 460, 462, 512
Goldman Sachs, 582
Goldstone, Jack, 19–20
Gong Zizhen, 506
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 549–50
Gorbachev, Raisa, 549
Goths, 307, 310, 312–16, 328, 345, 576
Gould, Stephen Jay, 45
Grand Canal, Chinese, 6, 337, 368, 380, 465, 493, 506, 517, 563
Grand Concordance system, 478
Grant, Ulysses S., 521
Gray, Elisha, 567–68
Great Chain of Being, 83
Great Chain of Energy, 83–86, 108, 143, 156, 381
Great Cloud Sutra, 340
Great Divergence, The (Pomeranz), 20, 40–41, 168
Great Leap Forward, 62n, 544, 546, 547
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 545–46, 548
Great Pyramid, 187–88, 370
Great Wall, 279, 441, 442
Greece, 159, 310, 367
archaeological sites in, 219, 291, 395
Christianity in, 325
classical, see Greeks, ancient
Greeks, ancient, 22, 137, 193, 197, 198, 216–20, 429n, 474
agriculture of, 107
in Anatolia, 199
Axial thought of, 259–63
in Bactria, 271
in China, 275
cities of, 23, 142, 268, 289, 317
colonies of, 234, 239–40, 242, 244, 365, 368, 465
historical texts of, 30, 249–50
living standards of, 250
Macedon and, 268–69
metallurgy of, 233
mythology of, 241, 277
philosophy of, 14, 93, 255, 327
