The Wave

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The Wave Page 31

by Susan Casey


  Hawaii proved to be far more than the main location for The Wave. It became my home, and a place of solace after my father’s sudden death in July 2008. I had barely started writing at that point, and in the aftermath I didn’t even know how I could, but the people and the land and the ocean helped me through that dark time. Everywhere in Maui I encountered outlandishly giving people, and I will never forget their kindness: Rich and Ann Marie Landry (and all the Maui pink cap swimmers!), Gary Ryan, Marie Cruz, Ed and Kerri Stewart, Felice and Paul Miller, Chelsea Hill, Cheyenne Ehrlich, Ian Horswill, the Reverends Shelley and Kedar St. John, Skeeter Tichnor and everyone at The Studio Maui, Chinta Mackinnon, Tim Sherer, Doug Fujiwara, Skip Armstrong, and Eddie Cabatu. I send a special super-aloha to Phyllis Tavares, the founder of Ninth Life, a no-kill cat shelter in Haiku. Phyl adopted the family of stray cats that took up residence on my porch, nestling together behind my surfboards. If you want to read the inspiring story of a local hero, check out her Web site: www.9thlifehawaii.org.

  Back on the mainland, as well, I am grateful to many friends. Andy Astrachan read the earliest version of this work, and his encouragement buoyed and inspired me. My deep thanks also go to Hilary Laidlaw, Niccolo Ravano, David Lynch, Sharon Ludtke, Kristin Gary, Samantha Carey, Eldar Beiseitov, Ann Jackson, Susan Scandrett, Tim Carvell, Tom Keeton, Celia and Henry McGee, Susan Orlean and John Gillespie, Jill Meilus, Vic Calandra, Peggy Dold, Isolde Motley, Maria Moyer, Ace Mackay-Smith, Mark Taylor, Paula Blanchet, Susan King, John and Jane Clarke, Mary Lou Furlong, La Mura Boelling, Dr. Guldal Caba, Dr. Lionel Bissoon, and Leslie Fischer.

  As always, I owe much to my family: my mother Angela Casey, my brothers Bob Casey and Bill Casey, along with Pam Manning, Beth Oman, Mike Casey, Caroline Casey, Kellie Casey, John Casey, Wilda Alford, Lorna Walkling, Tom Walkling, Chris Walkling, and Sarah Walkling-Innes.

  Among my colleagues I am especially indebted to Martha Corcoran, whose help throughout this project was invaluable. Tom Colligan and Cathay Che contributed key reporting and fact checking. Sara Corbett and Lucy Kaylin read a galley version of the manuscript and offered much insight and support, as did Terry McDonell, David Granger, and Tim Carvell. At ICM I would like to thank Kristyn Keene, Niki Castle, and Molly Rosenbaum for their constant help and goodwill; and John DeLaney for his legal expertise. I owe a giant wave of thanks to my editor, Bill Thomas, whose expert guidance is present on every page, and to his amazing associate Melissa Ann Danaczko.

  During the five years I spent working on The Wave, one person was always there: my agent, Sloan Harris. His passion and vision for this project were ever-present, and there are no words to express my gratitude for that. On any path there are ups and downs and twists and the odd obstacle and, sometimes, a lip crashing down on your head. With great humor, Sloan helped me navigate all of them.

  SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

  BOOKS

  Atwater, Brian F., Satoko Musumi-Rokkaku, Kenji Satake, Kazue Ueda, and David K. Yamaguchi. The Orphan Tsunami of 1700. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005.

  Bascom, Willard. Waves and Beaches: The Dynamics of the Ocean Surface. New York: Anchor Books, 1980.

  Bohn, Dave. Glacier Bay: The Land and the Silence. New York: Ballantine Books, 1967.

  Bruce, Peter. Adlard Coles’ Heavy Weather Sailing. Camden, ME: International Marine, 1999.

  Bryant, Edward. Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

  Butt, Tony, and Paul Russell. Surf Science. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004.

  Caldwell, Francis E. The Land of the Ocean Mists. Edmonds: Alaska Northwest Publishing, 1986.

  Carson, Rachel. The Sea Around Us. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

  Cramer, Deborah. Smithsonian Ocean. New York: Smithsonian Books, 2008.

  Dudley, Walter C., and Min Lee. Tsunami! Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998.

  Florin, Diacu. Mega Disasters. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.

  Fradkin, Philip L. Wildest Alaska. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.

  Grigg, Ricky. Big Surf, Deep Dives, and the Islands. Honolulu: Editions Limited, 1998.

  Hooke, Norman. Modern Shipping Disasters. London: Lloyd’s of London Press, 1989.

  Lapham, Lewis. Lapham’s Quarterly: Book of Nature. New York: American Agora Foundation, 2008.

  Lutjeharms, R. E. Johann. The Agulhas Current. Berlin: Springer, 2006.

  Maslin, Mark. Global Warming. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  McGuire, Bill. Apocalypse: A Natural History of Global Disasters. London: Cassell & Co, 1999.

  ————. Surviving Armageddon. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

  Ochoa, George, Jennifer Hoffman, and Tina Tin. Climate. London: Rodale Books International, 2005.

  Orrell, David. The Future of Everything. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2007.

  Pilkey, Orrin H., and Linda Pilkey-Jarvis. Useless Arithmetic. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.

  Polkinghorne, John. Quantum Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

  Prager, Ellen J. Furious Earth: The Science and Nature of Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

  Redfern, Martin. The Earth. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  Smith, Craig B. Extreme Waves. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2006.

  Smith, Leonard. Chaos. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Smith, P. J. The Lost Ship SS Waratah. Gloucestershire, UK: History Press, 2009.

  Sverdrup, Keith A., Alyn C. Duxbury, and Alison B. Duxbury. An Introduction to the World’s Oceans. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

  Turner, Malcolm. Shipwrecks & Salvage in South Africa. Capetown, South Africa: Struik, 1988.

  Ulanski, Stan. The Gulf Stream. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

  Uys, Ian. Survivors of Africa’s Oceans. South Africa: Fortress Publishers, 1993.

  Warshaw, Matt. The Encyclopedia of Surfing. Orlando: Harcourt, 2005.

  ————. Mavericks. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000.

  Williams, Waimea. Aloha, Kauai. Waipahu, HI: Island Heritage Publishing, 2004.

  Winchester, Simon. Krakatoa. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.

  SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, PERIODICALS, AND NEWSPAPERS

  Abruzzese, Leo. “Nature’s Fury.” The Economist, November 16, 2006.

  Ananthaswamy, Anil. “Going, Going …” New Scientist, July 4, 2009.

  Ball, Philip. “Ship Endures Record-Breaking Waves.” Nature, March 17, 2006.

  BBC News. “Giant Wave Could Threaten U.S.” October 4, 2000.

  ————. “Rogue Wave Theory for Ship Disaster.” November 26, 2001.

  Becker, Markus. “Vessel Measures Record Ocean Swells.” Der Spiegel, March 31, 2006.

  Bojanowski, Axel. “Study Sees North Sea Tsunami Risk.” Der Spiegel, October 10, 2006.

  Britt, Robert Roy. “Ship-Devouring Waves, Once Legendary, Common Sight on Satellite.” USA Today, July 23, 2004.

  Broad, William J. “New Tools Yield Clues to Disasters at Sea.” New York Times, March 16, 1999.

  ————. “Rogue Giants at Sea.” New York Times, July 11, 2006.

  Calamai, Peter. “The Cold Truth About Rogue Waves.” Toronto Star, December 19, 2006.

  Carson, Rachel. “The Sea: Wind, Sun, and Moon.” The New Yorker, July 16, 1951.

  Chang, Kenneth. “Strongest Hurricanes May Be Getting Stronger.” New York Times, September 4, 2008.

  Dean, Cornelia. “Study Warns of Threats to Coasts from Rising Sea Levels.” New York Times, January 17, 2009.

  Draper, Laurence. “Severe Wave Conditions at Sea.” Journal of the Institute of Navigation, vol. 24, no. 3, July 1971.

  Emanuel, Kerry. “Increasing Destructiveness of Tropical Cyclones Over the Past 30 Years.” Nature, August 4, 2005.

  European Space Agency (ESA). “Ship-Sinking Monster Waves Revealed by ESA Sa
tellites,” July 21, 2004.

  Fearing, Katie M., and Robert A Dalrymple. “Wave Refraction at Jaws, Maui.” Paper from the Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, 1998.

  Fyfe, John C., and Oleg A. Saenko. “Anthropogenic Speed-Up of Oceanic Planetary Waves.” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 34 (2007).

  Gain, Bruce. “Predicting Rogue Waves.” MIT Technology Review, March 2007.

  Haver, Sverre. “Freak Wave Event at Draupner Jacket.” Paper from Ifremer Rogue Wave Symposium, 2004.

  ————. “Freak Waves: A Suggested Definition and Possible Consequences for Marine Structures.” Paper from Ifremer Rogue Wave Symposium, 2004.

  Heberger, Matthew, Heather Cooley, Pablo Herrera, Peter H. Gleick, and Eli Moore. “The Impacts of Sea-Level Rise on the California Coast.” Paper from the California Climate Change Center, 2009.

  Heller, Eric. “Freak Waves: Just Bad Luck, or Avoidable?” Europhysics News, September/October 2005.

  Holliday, Naomi P., and Colin R. Griffiths. Southampton Oceanography Center cruise report. Southampton, UK, 2000.

  Holliday, Naomi P., Margaret J. Yelland, Robin Pascal, Val R. Swail, Peter K. Taylor, Colin R. Griffiths, and Elizabeth Kent. “Were Extreme Waves in the Rockall Trough the Largest Ever Recorded?” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 33 (2006).

  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Working Group 1. “The Physical Science Basis: Summary for Policymakers.” World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.

  International Maritime Organization (IMO). “IMO and the Safety of Bulk Carriers.” London, UK, 1999.

  International Union of Marine Insurance. “IUMI 2006 Shipping Statistics: Analysis.” Zurich, Switzerland, 2006.

  ————. “IUMI 2008 Shipping Statistics: Analysis.” Zurich, Switzerland, 2008.

  ————. “IUMI Facts and Figures Committee Report.” Vancouver, BC, 2008.

  Kolbert, Elizabeth. “Outlook: Extreme.” National Geographic, April 2009.

  Komar, Paul D., and Jonathan Charles Allen. “Increasing Wave Heights Along the U.S. Atlantic Coast Due to the Intensification of Hurricanes.” Journal of Coastal Research, 2008.

  Kushnir, Y., V. J. Cardone, J. G. Greenwood, and M. A. Cane. “The Recent Increase in North Atlantic Wave Heights,” Journal of Climate (1997).

  Ledford, Heidi. “California Caught Off Guard by Tsunami.” Nature, November 17, 2006.

  Lloyd’s of London. “360 Risk Project: Catastrophe Trends 1.” Report from Lloyd’s of London, England, UK, 2006.

  Lohr, Steve. “Puzzled Scientists Find Waves Off Britain Are Growing Larger.” New York Times, April 19, 1988.

  Lovett, Richard. “The Wave from Nowhere.” New Scientist, February 24, 2007.

  Magnusson, Karin Anne, Magnar Reistad, Øyvind Breivik, Rasmus Myklebust, and Ellis Ash. “Forecasting a 100-Year Wave Event.” Presentation from the 9th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting, 2006.

  Mallory, J. K. “Abnormal Waves on the South East Coast of South Africa.” Institute of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, 1997.

  Mangold, Tom. “Scandal of the Rotting Tankers.” Reader’s Digest, November 1993.

  Masson, D. G., C. B. Harbitz, R. B. Wynn, G. Pedersen, and F. Lovholt. “Submarine Landslides: Processes, Triggers, and Hazard Prediction.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 2006.

  MaxWave. “Minutes from the MaxWave SAP Meeting at BP Staines, 5th of November, 2001.”

  McCredie, Scott. “When Nightmare Waves Appear Out of Nowhere to Smash the Land.” Smithsonian, March 1994.

  McGuire, Bill. “Climate Change: Tearing the Earth Apart?” New Scientist, May 27, 2006.

  ————. “Global Risk from Extreme Geophysical Events: Threat Identification and Assessment.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, vol. 364 (2006): 1889–1909.

  ————. “Ground Deformation Monitoring of a Potential Landslide at La Palma, Canary Islands.” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 94 (1999): 251–65.

  ————. “There’s a Storm Brewing.” The Guardian, April 28, 2008.

  Mercer, Phil. “Extreme Waves Worry Australia.” BBC News, December 1, 2008.

  Mertie, J. B. “Notes on the Geography and Geology of Lituya Bay, Alaska.” U.S. Geological Survey, 1931.

  Miller, Don J. “Giant Waves in Lituya Bay Alaska.” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 354-C, 1960.

  Moss, J. L., W. J. McGuire, and D. Page. “Ground Deformation Monitoring of a Potential Landslide at La Palma, Canary Islands.” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 94 (1999): 251–265.

  Paulson, Tom. “Secrets of Tsunamis Not Easily Revealed.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, January 17, 2005.

  Peeples, Lynn. “The Bigger Kahuna: Are More Frequent and Higher Extreme Ocean Waves a By-Product of Global Warming?” Scientific American, February 2010.

  Peeples, Lynn. “The Real Sea Monsters: On the Hunt for Rogue Waves.” Scientific American, September 2009.

  Perkins, Sid. “Dashing Rogues.” Science News, November 18, 2006.

  Rosenthal, W., and S. Lehner. “Rogue Waves: Results of the MaxWave Project.” Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, vol. 130 (2008).

  Ruggiero, Peter, Paul D Komar, and Jonathan C. Allan. “Increasing Wave Heights and Extreme Value Projections: The Wave Climate of the U.S. Pacific Northwest.” Coastal Engineering, vol. 57 (2009): 539–552.

  Slunyaev, A., E. Pelinovsky, and Guedes C. Soares. “Modeling Freak Waves from the North Sea.” Applied Ocean Research 27 (2005): 12–22.

  Taylor, Paul, Dan Walker, and Roy Rainey. “On the New Year Wave at Draupner in the Central North Sea in 1995.” Presentation from the 20th International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, Spitsbergen, Norway, 2005.

  Tisch, Timothy D. “Tsunamis: A Rare but Real Marine Hazard.” Professional Mariner, August/September 2005.

  United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “United States Tsunamis, 1690–1988.” Publication 41–2. Boulder, CO: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989.

  Wang, David W., Douglas A. Mitchell, William J. Teague, Ewa Jarosz, and Mark S. Hulbert. “Extreme Waves Under Hurricane Ivan.” Science, August 5, 2005.

  Ward, Steven N., and Simon Day. “Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential Collapse and Tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands.” American Geophysical Union, 2001.

  Witze, Sandra. “Bad Weather Ahead.” Nature, vol. 441, June 2006.

  Wynn, R. B., and D. G. Masson. “Canary Islands Landslides and Tsunami Generation: Can We Use Turbidite Deposits to Interpret Landslide Processes?” Southampton Oceanography Center. Southampton, UK, 2003.

  Yanchunas, Don. “Crew of British Research Vessel Gathers Extraordinary and Dangerous Data on Waves.” Professional Mariner, August/September 2006.

  Yeom, Dong-Il and Eggleton, Benjamin J. “Rogue Waves Surface in Light.” Nature, December 13, 2007.

  WEB SITES

  Weather and Forecasts

  Surfline: www.surfline.com

  Stormsurf: www.stormsurf.com

  Wavewatch III Climate Model: http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/wavewatch

  Institutions and Organizations

  Aon Benfield Hazard Research: www.abuhrc.org

  Billabong XXL Competition: www.billabongxxl.com

  Lloyds of London: www.lloyds.com

  National Oceanography Center (Southampton): www.noc.soton.ac.uk

  National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: www.noaa.gov

  United States Geological Survey: www.usgs.gov

  Characters

  Arabonis, Jean Pierre: www.osis.co.za

  Clark, Jeff: www.jeffclarksurfboards.com

  Doerner, Darrick: www.dd-sea.com

  Gabeira, Maya: www.mayagabeira.com

  Gerlach, Brad: www.bradgerlach.com

  Hamilton, Laird: www.lairdhamilton.com

  Harrington, Tony: www.harroart.com

 
; Hornbaker, Jeff: www.thirdeyeworld.com

  Kalama, Dave: www.davidkalama.com

  Lickle, Brett: www.surfball.net

  Long, Greg: www.greglong.com

  McNamara, Garrett: www.garrettmcnamara.com

  Mel, Peter: www.petermel.com

  Miller, Sonny: www.worldwavepictures.com

  Mitchell, Jamie: www.jamie-mitchell.com

  Prickett, Mike: www.prickettfilms.com

  Shearer, Don: www.windwardaviationmaui.com

  Sloane, Captain Nicholas: www.svitzer.com

  Illustration Credits

  INSERT

  1 Tom Servais

  2 Tom Servais

  3 Tom Servais

  4 Tom Servais

  5 erikaeder.com

  6 erikaeder.com. Inset: Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech AIRS Project

  7 N. Penny Holliday

  8 N. Penny Holliday

  9 National Oceanography Centre

  10 Arnulf Husmo/Getty Images

  11 Brian Ingpen

  12 Tim McKenna/Courtesy of Surfer magazine

  13 Tony Harrington

  14 Susan Casey

  15 Tom Servais

  16 Dana Edmunds

  17 Tom Servais

  18 Courtesy of Tony Harrington

  19 Courtesy of Tony Harrington

  20 Courtesy of Tony Harrington

  21 Robert Brown Photography.com

  22 Robert Brown Photography.com

  23 U.S. Geological Survey

  24 SSPL/Getty Images

  25 Bloomberg via Getty Images

  26 The Granger Collection, New York

  27 Karsten Petersen, www.global-mariner.com

  28 D. J. Miller/U.S. Geological Survey

  29 D. J. Miller/U.S. Geological Survey

  30 D. J. Miller/U.S. Geological Survey

  31 U.S. Army/U.S. Geological Survey

  32 U.S. Geological Survey

  33 Andrew Ingram / The Cape Times

 

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