11. Rumsfeld, “Bush Administration,” December 28, 2000.
12. Rumsfeld, [No Subject], December 28, 2000.
PART EIGHT Leaning Forward
1. Rumsfeld, handwritten note from meeting with George W. Bush, December 22, 2000.
2. John H. Cushman, “Gay Rights; Top Military Officers Object to Lift ing Homosexual Ban,” New York Times, November 14, 1992.
3. Richard L. Berke, “Timing Awry, Clinton Trips into a Brawl,” New York Times, January 28, 1993.
4. Rumsfeld to Secretaries of the Military Departments et al., “The Title ‘Commander in Chief,’” October 24, 2002.
5. Rumsfeld, handwritten note from meeting with George W. Bush, December 22, 2000.
6. Rumsfeld, “Weakening of Deterrent,” December 10, 2001.
CHAPTER 21 Here We Go Again
1. Rumsfeld, [No Subject], December 28, 2000.
2. Rumsfeld, [No Subject], December 28, 2000.
3. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with Secretary Bill Cohen and Don Rumsfeld,” May 21, 2001.
4. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Free Press, 2006).
5. Dean Rusk, speech, American Bar Association, Atlanta, Georgia, October 22, 1964, as reported in the Atlanta Constitution.
6. Rumsfeld, “Memorandum,” May 31, 2001.
7. Editorial, “Invitation to an Arms Race,” New York Times, June 20, 2001.
8. Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, “Nomination of Donald Rumsfeld to Be Secretary of Defense,” Washington, D.C., January 11, 2001.
9. Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, “Nomination of Donald Rumsfeld to Be Secretary of Defense,” Washington, D.C., January 11, 2001.
10. Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, “Nomination of Donald Rumsfeld to Be Secretary of Defense,” Washington, D.C., January 11, 2001.
11. Dick Cheney, remarks, “Swearing-in of the Secretary of Defense,” Oval Office, the White House, Washington, D.C., January 26, 2001.
CHAPTER 22 Dogs Don’t Bark at Parked Cars
1. Rumsfeld, “Cost-Cutting,” July 11, 2001.
2. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with the Chiefs 1/23/01, my 2nd day,” May 21, 2001.
3. Rumsfeld to Pete Aldridge et al., “Joint Chiefs,” November 12, 2001.
4. Rumsfeld, “Some Thoughts on the Senior Level Review Group (SLRG) and Strategic Planning Council (SPC),” November 18, 2005.
5. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with the Chiefs 1/23/01, my 2nd day,” May 21, 2001.
6. Rumsfeld to Andy Card, “Presidential Appointment Process,” December 1, 2005; “Summary of Time Lapse Data in the Senate Confirmation Process for PAS Appointees Since the Beginning of the Administration,” February 18, 2004.
7. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with the Chiefs 1/23/01, my 2nd day,” May 21, 2001.
8. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, February 6, 2001.
9. George W. Bush, remarks, “A Period of Consequences,” The Citadel, South Carolina, September 23, 1999.
10. Rumsfeld, “Memorandum,” May 31, 2001.
11. Department of Defense, preface, Quadrennial Defense Review Report, February 6, 2006.
12. Rumsfeld, “The DoD Challenge,” June 25, 2001.
13. Steve/John Young to Chairman Ted Stevens, “FY 77 vs. FY 01 Authorization and Appropriation Bills,” February 8, 2001.
14. Rumsfeld, “Memorandum,” May 31, 2001.
15. Christopher Duffy, Frederick the Great: A Military Life (New York: Routledge, 1988), p. 301.
16. Rumsfeld, “Characteristics for the Next Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff(CJCS),” April 27, 2001.
17. Rumsfeld to Wolfowitz, “Deployments and Mil-to-Mil,” April 16, 2001; Rumsfeld, “Deployments and Military-to-Military Activities,” April 3, 2001.
18. Rumsfeld to Nixon, “Okinawa,” November 3, 1969.
19. Al-Qaida, fatwa, February 23, 1998.
20. Leigh Sales and Reuters, “Bush Announces Troop Realignment,” Australian Broadcasting Corporation, August 17, 2004; John F. Kerry, “Remarks to the Veterans of Foreign Wars 105th Annual Convention,” Cincinnati, Ohio, August 18, 2004.
21. Rumsfeld, “Continuing U.S. Government Efforts,” September 7, 2004.
22. Jane Perlez, “Rumsfeld Seeks to Withdraw American Troops from Sinai,” New York Times, April 19, 2001.
23. Rumsfeld to Powell, “Iceland,” July 11, 2001; Rumsfeld to Powell and Rice, “Cost of Iceland,” May 29, 2003.
24. Powell, letter to Rumsfeld, July 12, 2001; Principals Committee, notes from meeting on Iraq, February 6, 2003.
CHAPTER 23 Bears in the Woods
1. Rumsfeld, “Rough Notes on SecDef’s remarks to MoD Ivanov on June 8, 2001,” June 20, 2001.
2. Rumsfeld, “Discussions with Russia,” July 12, 2001.
3. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with President Nixon—1/20/94,” February 3, 1994.
4. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with President Nixon—1/20/94,” February 3, 1994.
5. Rumsfeld, “Discussions with Russia,” July 12, 2001.
6. Rumsfeld, “Rough Notes on SecDef’s remarks to MoD Ivanov on June 8, 2001,” June 20, 2001.
7. Committee of One Million Against the Admission of Communist China to the United Nations, press release, “Dem and GOP Congressmen Call on Rusk to Issue Strong Statement Against Admission of Red China to UN,” October 15, 1965.
8. Memorandum of Conversation, Beijing, November 28, 1974 (U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, vol. XVIII, China, 1973–1976, Document 98).
9. Rumsfeld, “Kissinger’s Thoughts on PRC and Russia,” June 20, 2005.
10. Sun Tzu, The Art of War, translated by Thomas F. Cleary (Boston: Shambhala, 2005), p. 82; Sun Tzu, The Art of War, translated by Samuel B. Griffith (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), p. 83.
11. Rumsfeld, “Some Additional Thoughts on Asia,” February 11, 1998.
12. Rumsfeld, “China and Asia,” February 25, 2001.
13. Rumsfeld, “Meeting with Andy Marshall,” April 17, 2000.
14. Rumsfeld, “China and Asia,” February 25, 2001.
15. Dan Dell’Orto to Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz, “EP-3 Incident—Guidance on Legal Issues,” April 6, 2001.
16. Peter Felstead, “‘Inside’ account further exonerates EP-3 Pilot,” janes.com, May 18, 2001.
17. Department of Defense news transcript, “Secretary Rumsfeld Briefs on EP-3 Collision,” April 13, 2001.
18. Peter Felstead, “‘Inside’ account further exonerates EP-3 pilot,” janes.com, May 18, 2001.
19. Jennifer H. Svan, “EP-3E crewmembers hold vivid memories of ordeal in China,” Star and Stripes, May 30, 2001.
20. “Chinese FM Spokesman Gives Full Account of Air Collision,” Xinhua News Agency, April 4, 2001.
21. Ambassador Joseph W. Prueher, letter to Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs Tang Jiaxuan, April 11, 2001.
CHAPTER 24 The National Security Council
1. National Security Act of 1947, Title I, Section 101, July 26, 1947.
2. Rumsfeld, [No Subject], February 8, 2001.
3. Jane Perlez, “A Dual Path in Diplomacy,” New York Times, December 18, 2000.
4. Dana Milbank and Mike Allen, “Powell Is Named Secretary of State; Nominee 1st African American Tapped for Post,” Washington Post, December 17, 2000.
5. Thomas L. Friedman, “The Powell Perplex,” New York Times, December 19, 2000.
6. Laurence Silberman, “Toward Presidential Control of the State Department,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 57, no. 4 (Spring, 1979).
7. Colin Powell, remarks, “Secretary Powell Greets State Department Employees,” Washington, D.C., January 22, 2001.
8. Peter Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 239.
9. Jane Perlez, “Washington Memo; Divergent Voices Heard in Bush Foreign Policy,” New York Times, March 12, 2001.
10. Gr
eg Pierce, “Biden vs. Rumsfeld,” Washington Times, June 22, 2001.
11. Rumsfeld, “Washington Times Article,” June 23, 2001; Greg Pierce, “Biden vs. Rumsfeld,” Washington Times, June 22, 2001.
12. Dana Milbank and Thomas E. Ricks, “Powell and Joint Chiefs Nudged Bush Toward U.N.,” Washington Post, September 4, 2003; Sarah Baxter, “Powell Tried to Talk Bush Out of War,” Sunday Times, July 8, 2007; Suzanne Goldenberg, Richard Norton-Taylor, and Katy Heslop, “Powell’s Doubts Over CIA Intelligence on Iraq Prompted Him to Set Up Secret Review,” The Guardian, June 2, 2003.
13. “Falling on His Sword,” Washington Post Magazine, October 1, 2006.
14. Rumsfeld, “Chain of Command,” December 2, 2002.
15. Rumsfeld to Rice, “Interagency Process,” August 20, 2002, and attachment to Rice, “Thoughts on the Interagency Process,” August 20, 2002.
16. Rumsfeld to Rice, “Approval for Memos,” December 27, 2001.
17. Rumsfeld to Rice, “NSC Meetings,” October 10, 2001; Rumsfeld to Rice, cc: Powell, “Schedule,” October 26, 2001; Rumsfeld to Rice, “PC Meeting,” December 13, 2001; Rumsfeld to Rice, “Approval for Memos,” December 27, 2001; Rumsfeld to Rice, “Approving NSC Documents,” December 31, 2001; Rumsfeld to Rice, “NSC Meeting October 9—Middle East,” October 16, 2002; Rumsfeld to Rice, “Chain of Command,” December 2, 2002; Rumsfeld to Rice, “briefing,” January 6, 2003; Rumsfeld to Rice, “NSC Meetings,” October 30, 2003; Rumsfeld to Rice, “Agendas and Schedules for PC and NSC Meetings,” November 5, 2003; Rumsfeld to Rice, “Contacting Combatant Commanders,” November 11, 2003; Rumsfeld to Rice, “PC Meetings,” December 17, 2003.
18. Rumsfeld to Rice, “Interagency Process,” August 20, 2002.
19. Lieutenant General Bantz Craddock to Rumsfeld, “PC & NSC Meetings: Are we improving?” May 29, 2004.
20. Peter Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 249.
CHAPTER 25 The Agony of Surprise
1. Rumsfeld, “Memorandum,” May 31, 2001.
2. Rumsfeld, “Force Reductions,” January 11, 2002.
3. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, May 31, 2001.
4. Robert Kagan, “Indefensible Defense Budget,” Washington Post, July 20, 2001.
5. Al Kamen, “Donny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” Washington Post, September 7, 2001.
6. Rumsfeld, speech, “DOD Acquisition and Logistics Excellence Week Kickoff—Bureaucracy to Battlefield,” September 10, 2001.
7. “Rumsfeld Declares War on Bureaucracy,” Voice of America, September 10, 2001.
8. Rumsfeld, speech, “DOD Acquisition and Logistics Excellence Week Kickoff—Bureaucracy to Battlefield,” September 10, 2001.
9. Rumsfeld, “Pearl Harbor Post-Mortem,” July 23, 2001.
10. Thomas Schelling, foreword, in Roberta Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1962).
11. Steve Vogel, The Pentagon: A History (New York: Random House, 2007), p. 450.
12. Steve Vogel, The Pentagon: A History (New York: Random House, 2007), pp. 417–18.
13. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
14. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
15. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
16. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
17. Lawrence Di Rita, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
18. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), p. 43.
19. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
20. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
21. General Richard B. Myers, USAF (Ret.), with Malcolm McConnell, Eyes on the Horizon: Serving on the Front Lines of National Security (New York: Th reshold Editions, 2009), pp. 157–58.
22. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), p. 208.
23. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
24. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
25. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
26. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
27. Steve Vogel, The Pentagon: A History (New York: Random House, 2007), p. 431.
28. Rumsfeld, remarks, “On the Awarding of the George Catlett Marshall Medal,” October 17, 1984.
29. Rumsfeld, “Weakening of Deterrent,” December 10, 2001.
30. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
31. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
32. Stephen A. Cambone, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
33. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), pp. 266–72.
34. Victoria Clarke, handwritten notes, September 11, 2001.
35. Department of Defense news transcript, “DoD News briefing on Pentagon Attack,” September 11, 2001.
36. Department of Defense news transcript, “DoD News briefing on Pentagon Attack,” September 11, 2001.
37. Department of Defense news transcript, “DoD News briefing on Pentagon Attack,” September 11, 2001.
38. Steven Erlanger, “European Nations Stand with U.S., Ready to Respond,” New York Times, September 12, 2001; Michael White and Patrick Wintour, “Blair Calls for World Fight Against Terror,” The Guardian, September 12, 2001; Jean-Marie Colombani, “Nous sommes tous Américains,” Le Monde, September 13, 2001.
39. Howard Schneider and Lee Hockstader, “As Mideast Officials Offer Condolences, Some Arabs Rejoice,” Washington Post, September 12, 2001; Neil MacFarquhar, “Condemnations from Arab Governments, but Widely Different Attitudes on the Street,” New York Times, September 12, 2001; Saudi Embassy, “Kingdom Condemns Attacks on United States,” Press Release, September 11, 2001.
40. Department of Defense, “Saddam Hussein: In His Own Words—Quotes from Saddam and Iraq’s Regime-Controlled Media,” October 22, 2002; Borzou Daragahi and David Lamb, “Violence Marked His Rise, Rule and Fall,” Los Angeles Times, December 30, 2006; Cameron S. Brown, “The Shot Seen Around the World: The Middle East Reacts to September 11th,” Middle East Review of International Affairs, vol. 5, no. 4, December 2001.
41. Department of Defense, “Saddam Hussein: In His Own Words—Quotes from Saddam and Iraq’s Regime-Controlled Media,” October 22, 2002.
42. Rumsfeld to Feith, “Mubarak,” September 13, 2001.
43. Rumsfeld to Feith, “Foreign Reaction to Events September 11, 2001,” September 14, 2001.
CHAPTER 26 War President
1. Frank J. Murray, “Infamy; Hijacked Planes Destroy World Trade Center, Ram Pentagon,” Washington Times, September 12, 2001.
2. The North Atlantic Treaty, Article 5, Washington, D.C., April 4, 1949.
3. Opinion, “The National Defense,” New York Times, September 12, 2001.
4. Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40), 107th Cong., 1st sess., September 18, 2001, sec. 2(a).
5. Rumsfeld, speech, “Cabinet Meeting Prayer on the National Day of Prayer and Remembrance,” September 14, 2001.
6. Rumsfeld, “Vocabulary,” September 23, 2001.
7. Rumsfeld to Bush, “Global War on Terror,” June 18, 2004; Abizaid to Rumsfeld and Myers, “Response to 18 June Paper,” July 16, 2004; Rumsfeld to Steve Hadley, cc: Eric Edelman, “Nature of the Long Struggle,” August 4, 2006.
8. Tom Regan, “The ‘Rebranding’ of the War on Terror,” Christian Science Monitor, July 28, 2005; Eric Schmitt and Thom Shanker, “U.S. Officials Retool Slogan for Terror War,” New York Times, July 26, 2005; Matthew Davis, “New Name for ‘War on
Terror,’” BBC News, July 27, 2005.
9. Rumsfeld to Bush, “Coalitions,” September 22, 2001.
10. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., [No Subject], September 19, 2001.
11. Department of State, Proliferation Security Initiative, launched May 31, 2003.
12. Department of Defense, Campaign Against Terrorism: Strategic Guidance for the US Department of Defense, October 2, 2001.
13. “Dark Winter—Bioterrorism Exercise,” developed and produced by Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense, Center for Strategic and International Studies, ANSER Institute for Homeland Security, and Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, conducted June 22–23, 2001, Andrews Air Force Base; Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “Some Experts Say U.S. Is Vulnerable to a Germ Attack,” New York Times, September 30, 2001.
14. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., [No Subject], September 19, 2001.
15. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., [No Subject], September 19, 2001.
16. American Consulate (Peshawar) to Warren Christopher, State Department cable, “Afghanistan: Taliban Agree to Visits of Militant Training Camps, Admit bin Laden Is Their Guest,” January 9, 1997.
17. Barry Bearak, “Condemning Attacks, Taliban Says bin Laden Not Involved,” New York Times, September 12, 2001.
18. Wolfowitz to Rumsfeld, “Using Special Forces on ‘Our Side’ of the Line,” September 23, 2001.
19. George W. Bush, remarks to airline employees, Chicago, Illinois, September 27, 2001.
20. Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Saudi Arabia,” December 6, 2001.
21. Rumsfeld to Feith, “Saudi Arabia”, December 3, 2001.
22. Barry Bearak, “Condemning Attacks, Taliban Says bin Laden Not Involved,” New York Times, September 12, 2001.
23. Rumsfeld to Rice and Powell, “Khobar Towers and USS Cole,” February 5, 2001.
PART NINE Into the Graveyard of Empires
1. Jill Smolowe, Paul Hofh einz, and Cristina Lamb, “Afghanistan Without a Look Back,” Time, February 20, 1989.
2. Bill Keller, “Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan,” New York Times, February 16, 1989.
3. Bill Keller, “Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan,” New York Times, February 16, 1989.
4. Jill Smolowe, Paul Hofh einz, and Cristina Lamb, “Afghanistan Without a Look Back,” Time, February 20, 1989.
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