9. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq (S. Rep. 108-301), 108th Cong., 2d sess., July 9, 2004, p. 336; Micah Zenko, “Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration’s Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 632.
10. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq (S. Rep. 108–301), 108th Cong., 2d sess., July 9, 2004, p. 337.
11. Micah Zenko, “Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration’s Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 629.
12. Department of Defense notes of NSC meeting, February 3, 2003.
13. Colin Powell, remarks, United Nations Security Council, New York City, February 5, 2003.
14. Colin Powell, remarks, United Nations Security Council, New York City, February 5, 2003.
15. Colin Powell, remarks, United Nations Security Council, New York City, February 5, 2003.
16. Gregroy Fontenot, E. J. Degen, and David Tohn, On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005), p. 250.
17. Micah Zenko, “Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration’s Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 640; Linda Robinson, Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), pp. 320–21; Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on Postwar Findings About Iraq’s WMD Programs and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with Prewar Assessments, 109th Cong., 2d sess., September 8, 2006, pp. 93–94.
18. Steven R. Weisman, “Powell Calls His U.N. Speech a Lasting Blot on His Record,” New York Times, September 9, 2005.
19. Colin Powell, interviewed by Tim Russert, Meet the Press, MSNBC, June 10, 2007.
20. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, January 11, 2003.
21. Rumsfeld, “Turkey,” December 28, 2001.
22. Eric Schmitt, “U.S. Plan for Iraq Is Said to Include Attack on 3 Sides,” New York Times, July 5, 2002.
23. Rumsfeld, “Leaks,” August 5, 2002.
24. Thomas E. Ricks, The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006–2008 (New York: The Penguin Press, 2009), p. 103; Barbara Slavin and Dave Moniz, “War in Iraq’s Aftermath Hits Troops Hard,” USA Today, July 21, 2003.
25. Thomas E. Ricks, “Projection on Fall of Hussein Disputed; Ground Forces Chiefs, Pentagon at Odds,” Washington Post, December 18, 2002.
26. Myers to Rumsfeld, “Joint Chiefs of Staff Opportunities to Express Military Advice,” undated.
27. Rumsfeld, “Military Advice to POTUS,” September 29, 2004.
28. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, December 18, 2002.
29. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, December 18, 2002.
30. Thom Shanker, “New Strategy Vindicates Ex-Army Chief Shinseki,” New York Times, January 12, 2007.
31. Jamie McIntyre, “Myth of Shinseki Lingers,” CNN, December 8, 2008.
32. Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, “The Fiscal Year 2004 Defense Budget,” testimony of Eric Shinseki, February 25, 2003.
33. Jamie McIntyre, “Myth of Shinseki Lingers,” CNN, December 8, 2008; Ann ScottTyson, “Shinseki Says He Would Modernize VA,” Washington Post, January 15, 2009; Georgie Anne Geyer, “Straight-Talking Jones Has Kept His Integrity Intact,” Universal Press Syndicate, December 4, 2008; Philip Rucker, “Obama Picks Shinseki to Lead Veterans Affairs,” Washington Post, December 7, 2008; Paul D. Eaton, “A Top-Down Review for the Pentagon,” New York Times, March 19, 2006; Maureen Dowd, “Alan (Not Atlas) Shrugged,” New York Times, September 19, 2007; Th om Shanker, “New Strategy Vindicates Ex-Army Chief Shinseki,” New York Times, January 12, 2007; Andrew Cockburn, “No, He Wasn’t a Good Manager,” Washington Post, February 25, 2007; Richard Cohen, “Vietnam’s Forgotten Lessons,” Washington Post, April 11, 2006.
34. Shinseki to Rumsfeld, “End of Tour Memorandum,” June 10, 2003.
35. Rumsfeld to Hank Crumpton, “Speaking Up,” May 3, 2002.
36. Rumsfeld, “Talk to VP,” September 30, 2002.
37. George W. Bush, address to the nation, March 17, 2003.
38. “Bush Offers Ultimatum to Saddam in Address to Nation,” Fox News, March 18, 2003.
CHAPTER 33 Exit the Butcher of Baghdad
1. “Iraq War Begins,” PBS NewsHour, March 20, 2003.
2. “U.S. Launches Cruise Missiles at Saddam,” CNN, March 20, 2003.
3. Captured document dated March 11, 2003, “Military Command Memos Concerned with the Arabian Volunteers to the Iraqi Special Forces,” cited in Kevin M. Woods with Michael R. Pease, Mark E. Stout, Williamson Murray, and James G. Lacey, Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior Leadership (Joint Center for Operational Analysis, U.S. Joint Forces Command, March 2006), p. 156.
4. Captured document dated March 11, 2003, “Military Command Memos Concerned with the Arabian Volunteers to the Iraqi Special Forces,” cited in Kevin M. Woods with Michael R. Pease, Mark E. Stout, Williamson Murray, and James G. Lacey, Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior Leadership (Joint Center for Operational Analysis, U.S. Joint Forces Command, March 2006), p. 156.
5. Captured document dated March 27, 2003, “Memorandum to Director of the IIS, Subject: Hamas,” cited in Kevin M. Woods with Michael R. Pease, Mark E. Stout, Williamson Murray, and James G. Lacey, Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior Leadership (Joint Center for Operational Analysis, U.S. Joint Forces Command, March 2006), pp. 132, 153.
6. Captured document dated April 2, 2003, “Written Summaries for the 37th Division 20 March–2 April 2003,” cited in Kevin M. Woods with Michael R. Pease, Mark E. Stout, Williamson Murray, and James G. Lacey, Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior Leadership (Joint Center for Operational Analysis, U.S. Joint Forces Command, March 2006), pp. 131–32, 153.
7. Captured document dated April 4, 2003, “General Military Intelligence Directorate to the 8th Adjutant Confirming Saddam Hussein’s Order to Treat the Arab Fedayeen Volunteers the Same Way as Special Forces Troops in Terms of Their Salaries and Supplies,” cited in Kevin M. Woods with Michael R. Pease, Mark E. Stout, Williamson Murray, and James G. Lacey, Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior Leadership (Joint Center for Operational Analysis, U.S. Joint Forces Command, March 2006), pp. 150, 156.
8. Ryan Chilcote, “Sandstorm Paralyzes US Copters,” CNN, March 26, 2003.
9. Editorial, “Diminished Expectations in Iraq,” New York Times, March 25, 2003; Rick Atkinson and Thomas E. Ricks, “War’s Military, Political Goals Begin to Diverge,” Washington Post, March 30, 2003; Monica Davey, “For Some Uncertain About War, Anxiety Builds in First Week,” New York Times, March 27, 2003.
10. Department of Defense news transcript, “Deputy Assistant Secretary Whitman Interview with egyptian TV,” April 14, 2003.
11. “Iraq: Journalists in Danger,” Committee to Protect Journalists, updates concluded in October 2009.
12. Eason Jordan, “The News We Kept to Ourselves,” New York Times, April 11, 2003.
13. Dave Moniz, John Diamond, and David J. Lynch, “A Virtual Certainty: Baghdad Falls. What’s Uncertain: Cost of Battle,” USA Today, April 3, 2003.
14. Kevin M. Woods with Michael R. Pease, Mark E. Stout, Williamson Murray, and James G. Lacey, Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior Leadership (Joint Center for Operational Analysis, U.S. Joint Forces Command, March 2006), pp. 29–30.
15. “The Collected Quotations of ‘Baghdad Bob,’ Muhammed Saeed al-Sahaf: The Iraqi Minister of DisInformation,” posted by the Cen
ter for Individual Freedom, April 10, 2003.
16. Gayle MacDonald, “Take My Country…Please! His Barefaced Lies and Poker-Faced Bravado Have Made Comical Ali a Pop-Culture Hit,” The Globe and Mail, May 6, 2003.
`VEN The Occupation of Iraq
1. John F. Burns, “Pillagers Strip Iraqi Museum of Its Treasure,” New York Times, April 13, 2003.
2. John F. Burns, “Pillagers Strip Iraqi Museum of Its Treasure,” New York Times, April 13, 2003.
3. Michele Norris, Robert Siegel, Anne Garrels, and Dr. Dorry George, All Th ings Considered, NPR, April 14, 2003.
4. Ann Talbot, “US Government Implicated in Planned Theft of Iraqi Artistic Treasures,” World Socialist, April 19, 2003; Heather Cottin, “Looting of Iraqi Museum Was Long Planned,” Workers World, May 1, 2003.
5. Frank Rich, “And Now: ‘Operation Iraqi Looting,’” New York Times, April 27, 2003.
6. “Secretary-General’s Statement on Safeguarding Iraqi Cultural Heritage,” Secretary General Office of the Spokesperson, United Nations, New York, April 15, 2003.
7. Jacques Chirac, press conference at the ceremony of the signature of the Treaty of Accession of the new member states to the EU, Athens, Greece, April 16, 2003.
8. Leon Harris, “Secretary of State, Kuwaiti Foreign Minister Address Reporters,” CNN Live, CNN, April 14, 2003.
9. Matthew Bogdanos with William Patrick, Thieves of Baghdad (New York: Blooms-bury, 2005), pp. 210–11.
10. Rumsfeld to Abizaid et al., “Looting,” July 9, 2003.
11. Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, interview with Lieutenant General David McKiernan, December 5, 2006 as cited in Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, Hard Lessons: The Iraq Reconstruction Experience (U.S. Independent Agencies and Commissions, 2009), p. 57.
12. Department of Defense notes of principals meeting, February 26, 2003; “Summary of Public Order Plan: Phase One,” March 2003.
13. Department of Defense news transcript, “DoD News briefing—Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers,” April 11, 2003.
14. David Stafford, “Iraq Is a Mess. But Germany Was, Too,” Washington Post, April 6, 2008.
15. Guy Gugliotta, “Iraq Museum Is Slowly Recovering Artifacts,” Washington Post, September 15, 2003.
16. Melik Kaylan, “So Much for the ‘Looted Sites,’” Wall Street Journal, July 15, 2008.
17. Melik Kaylan, “So Much for the ‘Looted Sites,’” Wall Street Journal, July 15, 2008.
18. Matthew Bogdanos with William Patrick, Thieves of Baghdad (New York: Blooms-bury, 2005), p. 155.
19. Robert D. Kaplan, Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos (New York: Random House, 2002), p. 129.
20. Alex Spillius, “Media Blamed for Exaggerating Loss of Antiquities,” London Telegraph, May 22, 2003.
21. William Booth and Guy Gugliotta, “All Along, Most Iraqi Relics Were ‘Safe and Sound,’” Washington Post, June 9, 2003.
CHAPTER 34 Catastrophic Success
1. Ken Adelman, “Cakewalk in Iraq,” Washington Post, February 13, 2002.
2. Rumsfeld, “Iraq: An Illustrative List of Potential Problems to Be Considered and Addressed,” October 15, 2002.
3. Rumsfeld, “Iraq: An Illustrative List of Potential Problems to Be Considered and Addressed,” October 15, 2002.
4. Rumsfeld, “Iraq: An Illustrative List of Potential Problems to Be Considered and Addressed,” October 15, 2002.
5. Rumsfeld, “Iraq: An Illustrative List of Potential Problems to Be Considered and Addressed,” October 15, 2002.
6. Rumsfeld, “Guidelines When Considering Committing U.S. Forces,” March 2001.
7. Judy Dempsey, “NATO Committed to Presence in Bosnia,” Financial Times, May 19, 2001.
8. “The Second Gore-Bush Presidential Debate,” Commission on Presidential Debates, debate transcript, October 11, 2000.
9. Rumsfeld, “Guidelines When Considering Committing U.S. Forces,” March 2001.
10. Zakheim to Rumsfeld, “Report on Contributions to Afghanistan Reconstruction, Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), and Iraq,” April 3, 2003.
11. Rodman to Rumsfeld, “Who Will Govern Iraq?” August 15, 2002.
12. Rodman to Rumsfeld, “Who Will Govern Iraq?” August 15, 2002.
13. Rumsfeld to Cheney et al., “Supporting the Iraqi Opposition,” July 1, 2002.
14. General Richard B. Myers, USAF (Ret.), with Malcolm McConnell, Eyes on the Horizon: Serving on the Front Lines of National Security (New York; London: Th reshold Editions, 2009), p. 225.
15. General Tommy Franks with Malcolm McConnell, American Soldier (New York:Regan Books, 2004), p. 531.
16. Department of State, “Future of Iraq Project,” May 12, 2003.
17. “The Lost Year in Iraq: Planning For a Postwar Iraq,” Frontline, PBS, broadcast October 17, 2006.
18. Bradley Graham, “Prewar Memo Warned of Gaps in Iraq Plans,” Washington Post, August 18, 2005.
19. John Ware, “Blair Was Warned of Looming Disaster in Iraq,” The Telegraph, October 28, 2007.
20. Feith to Rumsfeld, “Establishing the DoD Postwar Planning Office,” January 9, 2003.
21. Mark Fineman, Robin Wright, and Doyle McManus, “Preparing for War, Stumbling to Peace,” Los Angeles Times, July 18, 2003.
22. Rumsfeld to Secretaries of the Military Departments et al., “Support for the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance,” April 2, 2003.
23. Paul Vallely, “Jay Garner: The US General Waiting to Replace Saddam,” The Independent, April 5, 2003.
24. Jane Perlez, “U.S. Overseer Set to Remake Iraq,” New York Times, April 15, 2003.
25. George Tenet with Bill Harlow, At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 419.
26. George Tenet with Bill Harlow, At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 398.
27. Rumsfeld to Myers, “Planning Guidance for Iraqi Opposition Training,” August 12, 2002.
28. Rumsfeld to Rice, “Military Assistance Under the Iraq Liberation Act (ILA),” August 12, 2002.
29. Rodman to Rumsfeld, “Who Will Govern Iraq?” August 15, 2002.
30. Powell to Rumsfeld et al., March 1, 2003; Marc J. Susser to Powell, “Occupation and Postwar Government: Precedents and Options,” February 28, 2003.
31. OSD Policy, “Iraqi Interim Authority Implementation Concept—Summary,” March 30, 2003; OSD Policy, “Iraqi Interim Authority Action Plan,” March 30, 2003.
32. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, March 11, 2003.
CHAPTER 35 Mission Accomplished?
1. Rumsfeld to Bush, “Iraqi Interim Authority,” April 1, 2003.
2. Rumsfeld to Bush, “Iraqi Interim Authority,” April 1, 2003.
3. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Visit to the Persian Gulf, Iraq, Afghanistan & United Kingdom,” May 5, 2003.
4. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Visit to the Persian Gulf, Iraq, Afghanistan & United Kingdom,” May 5, 2003.
5. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Visit to the Persian Gulf, Iraq, Afghanistan & United Kingdom,” May 5, 2003.
6. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Visit to the Persian Gulf, Iraq, Afghanistan & United Kingdom,” May 5, 2003.
7. Department of Defense news transcript, “Secretary Rumsfeld Town Hall Meeting in Baghdad,” April 30, 2003.
8. General Tommy Franks with Malcolm McConnell, American Soldier (New York: Regan Books, 2004), p. 523.
9. Franks to Rumsfeld, Department of Defense cable, “Operation Iraqi Freedom,” April 16, 2003.
10. George W. Bush, speech aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln, May 1, 2003.
11. Rumsfeld, “DoD Edits of POTUS Speeches,” December 3, 2003.
12. Department of Defense news transcript, “Secretary Rumsfeld Joint Media Availability with British Secretary of State for Defence,” May 2, 2003.
13. William Safire, Safire’s Political Dictionary (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p.
389.
14. Rumsfeld to Feith, “Oil and Democracy,” May 21, 2003.
15. Rumsfeld, “Talk to POTUS About Democracy,” April 19, 2006.
16. Charles Duelfer, “Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD” (Duelfer Report), September 30, 2004.
17. Rumsfeld to Myers, “Manning Requests,” November 1, 2004.
18. Rumsfeld to Bush, “Jay Garner,” May 9, 2003.
19. Steven R. Weisman, “U.S. Set to Name Civilian to Oversee Iraq,” New York Times, May 2, 2003.
20. Steven R. Weisman, “U.S. Set to Name Civilian to Oversee Iraq,” New York Times, May 2, 2003.
21. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, March 31, 2003.
22. Rumsfeld to Card, cc: Cheney, “Press Reports,” April 7, 2003.
23. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, March 31, 2003.
24. Rumsfeld, “Memorandum,” September 6, 2001.
25. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, October 1, 2003.
26. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, October 2, 2003.
27. Rumsfeld to Card, “Ambassador Paul Bremer,” April 24, 2003.
28. Rumsfeld, “Principles for Iraq—Policy Guidelines,” May 13, 2003.
29. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, May 6, 2003.
30. Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III with Malcolm McConnell, My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), p. 12.
CHAPTER 36 Too Many Hands on the Steering Wheel
1. Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III with Malcolm McConnell, My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), pp. 36–37.
2. Rory Stewart, The Prince of the Marshes: And Other Occupational Hazards of a Year in Iraq (Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2006), p. 109.
3. James Dobbins, Seth G. Jones, Benjamin Runkle, and Siddharth Mohandas, Occupying Iraq: A History of the Coalition Provisional Authority (RAND, 2009), p. 248.
4. James Dobbins, Seth G. Jones, Benjamin Runkle, and Siddharth Mohandas, Occupying Iraq: A History of the Coalition Provisional Authority (RAND, 2009), p. 249.
5. George Packer, The Assassins’ Gate: America in Iraq (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), p. 396.
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