26. Major Niel Smith, U.S. Army, and Colonel Sean MacFarland, U.S. Army, “Anbar Awakens: The Tipping Point,” Military Review, March–April 2008, pp. 41-52.
27. OSD Policy, “Security Update: Situation in al-Anbar,” October 26, 2006.
28. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, October 20, 2006.
CHAPTER 49 Farewells
1. William Branigin, “Three Retired Officers Demand Rumsfeld’s Resignation,” Washington Post, September 25, 2006.
2. Mark Benjamin, “U.S. Generals Call for Democratic Takeover,” salon.com, October 25, 2006.
3. David S. Cloud and Eric Schmitt, “More Retired Generals Call for Rumsfeld’s Resignation,” New York Times, April 14, 2006.
4. Rowan Scarborough, “Generals Defend Rumsfeld,” Washington Times, April 15, 2006.
5. “Bush: ‘I’m the Decider’ on Rumsfeld,” CNN, April 18, 2006.
6. “Rep. Cynthia McKinney Introduces Bush Impeachment Bill,” Associated Press, December 8, 2006.
7. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, October 11, 2006.
8. “Bush: Rumsfeld and Cheney Should Stay,” Associated Press, November 1, 2006.
9. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, November 5, 2006.
10. Rumsfeld, letter of resignation, November 6, 2006.
11. James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton, cochairs, The Iraq Study Group Report (New York: Vintage Books, 2006), p. 32.
12. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, November 7, 2006.
13. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, November 7, 2006.
14. Rumsfeld, “Secretary Rumsfeld’s Remarks at the White House,” November 8, 2006.
15. Rumsfeld, “Phone Conversation with Sergey Ivanov on November 11, 2006,” November 14, 2006.
16. Rumsfeld, “November 11 Phone call with Henry Kissinger,” November 14, 2006.
17. Rumsfeld, “November 10 Phone Call from John Dingell,” November 13, 2006.
18. General Richard B. Myers, remarks at the Landon Lecture of Public Affairs, Kansas State University, November 9, 2006; Department of Defense news transcript, “Remarks by Secretary Rumsfeld at the Landon Lecture at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kan.,” November 9, 2006.
19. Dick Cheney, “Vice President’s Remarks at the Armed Forces Full Honor Review in Honor of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld,” Office of the Vice President, December 15, 2006.
20. George W. Bush, “President Attends Armed Forces Full Honor Review for Secretary Rumsfeld,” Office of the Press Secretary, December 15, 2006.
21. Rumsfeld, “Farewell Remarks—The Pentagon,” December 15, 2006.
22. Rumsfeld, “Farewell Remarks—The Pentagon,” December 15, 2006; Jim Rutenberg,endnote> “In Farewell, Rumsfeld Warns Weakness Is ‘Provocative,’” New York Times, December 16, 2006.
CHAPTER 50 After Tides and Hurricanes
1. Charles Duelfer, “Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD” (Duelfer Report), vol. I, September 30, 2004, p. 1 (Regime Strategic Intent section).
2. Charles Duelfer, “Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD” (Duelfer Report), vol. I, September 30, 2004, p. 51 (Regime Strategic Intent section).
3. Karl Rove, Courage and Consequence: My Life as a Conservative in the Fight (New York: Threshold Editions, 2010), p. 342.
4. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Alternative Approaches to Iraq,” November 6, 2006.
5. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Iraq Policy: Proposal for the New Phase,” December 8, 2006.
6. OSD Policy, “Security Update: Situation in al-Anbar,” October 26, 2006.
7. Rumsfeld, “Iraq—Illustrative New Courses of Action,” November 6, 2006.
8. Rumsfeld, “Iraq—Illustrative New Courses of Action,” November 6, 2006.
9. Peter W. Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 266.
10. Peter Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 267.
11. Department of Defense notes of NSC meeting, December 13, 2006.
12. Peter Rodman, Presidential Command: Power, Leadership, and the Making of Foreign Policy from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 268.
13. Joel Roberts, “Senator Reid on Iraq: ‘This War Is Lost,’” CBS News, April 20, 2007; Barack Obama, interviewed by Tim Russert, Meet the Press, NBC News, October 22, 2006.
14. Juan Abdel Nasser, “The 12 Fastest Growing Economies in 2010,” Economy Watch. com, October 13, 2009.
15. Department of Defense, The National Defense Strategy of the United States of America, March 2005.
16. Rumsfeld to Rice et al., “Iraq,” July 27, 2001.
17. Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), p. 638.
18. George W. Bush, address, Joint Session of Congress, Washington, D.C., September 20, 2001.
19. Rumsfeld, “What Are We Fighting? Is It a Global War on Terror?” June 18, 2004.
20. Wolfowitz to Rumsfeld, “National Defense Strategy,” February 7, 2005.
21. Rumsfeld to Card et al., “Mobilizing Moderate Muslims,” July 19, 2005.
22. Adlai E. Stevenson, address at the Senior Class Banquet, Princeton Class of 1954, March 22, 1954.
1
With my sister Joan, c. 1938.
2
Lt. George Rumsfeld and Jeannette Rumsfeld, Coronado, California, c. 1944. Like so many others, our lives were changed by Pearl Harbor and World War II. We were not surprised by Dad’s decision to volunteer for the U.S. Navy. He lived by the simple rule, “Do the right thing.”
3
Becoming an Eagle Scout was an important activity for me as a young man (top center). As a guide at the Philmont Scout Ranch, I came to know New Mexico.
4
The Princeton University Varsity wrestling team in 1953 (fourth from left). Wrestling brought home to me the relationship between effort and results.
5
With Joyce, June 1954. Quite a month! I graduated from Princeton, was commissioned an ensign in the U.S. Navy, and asked Joyce to marry me. She said yes.
6
The airplanes I flew when serving in the Navy are now all in museums (author upper right).
7
In my first campaign for Congress, Joyce and our two daughters, Marcy and Valerie, equently hit the trail with me in an effort make me seem more established than my wenty-nine years suggested.
8
With campaign manager Ned Jannotta after winning the 1962 Illinois 13th District primary election. When the results came in at our headquarters, the volunteers and I were amazed.
9
During the 1962 general election campaign for Congress, former President Dwight Eisenhower visited Illinois. I attended a lunch in his honor. During coffee whoever was sitting next to him got up so I could have a picture with Ike, who graciously put me at ease. It was the first time I had met a president.
10
With House Minority Leader Gerald Ford outside the Speaker’s Lobby of the United States House of Representatives. If our paths hadn’t crossed in the years we served in Congress, both of our lives would have turned out quite differently.
11
As a member of the Manned Space Flight Subcommittee in the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1960s, I met with many of our country’s pioneers in space. I introduced Marcy to Gus Grissom (right), the first man to fly twice beyond inner space. We were joined by the irrepressible Vice President Hubert Humphrey (center). Grissom died some months later in a test of Apollo I.
12
Just days after Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, Congress passed a bill to strengthen the 1964 Civil Rights Act. I was honored to receive one of the pens President Johnson used to sign the bill.
13
An official White House swearing-in for a m
ember of the president’s cabinet is generally a formal occasion. Our three-year-old son, Nick, had other ideas. Joyce held the Bible but kept her eyes on him, wondering what he might do next as President Nixon tried not to laugh.
14
Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity, c. 1969. Finding myself at the helm of an organization whose founding I had opposed was a challenge. But I believed that properly managed and with more modest goals, OEO could be an effective experimental laboratory for innovative anti-poverty programs.
15
At a farewell dinner for Bryce Harlow (left) and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (center). Harlow and Moynihan were examples of the varied and outstanding talent President Nixon attracted to his administration. Moynihan stood out as an intellectual giant whose good humor and enthusiasm for life was infectious. Harlow was unquestionably the administration’s most seasoned expert on the presidency and the workings of the federal government.
16
In the Nixon and Ford administrations, Kissinger seemed ever-present.
17
(Above): During a spring 1972 trip with Bob Finch, we managed a side visit to the legendary El Cordobés. He had come from a poor orphanage outside Córdoba to become the world’s greatest matador. We went to his ranch in the countryside, where he invited me into the ring for the testing of the bulls. One newspaper inaccurately characterized my bull as “a small bewildered cow.” El Cordobés howled with laughter when I tried to explain my technique—while wearing with good humor the Nixon tie clasp I had given him.
18
(With left to right) President Nixon, John Mitchell, John Erlichman, Charles Colson, Bryce Harlow, Bob Haldeman, and Bob Finch at Nixon’s Key Biscayne home. The President was constantly adjusting the members of his administration to assure he was getting a stream of fresh ideas.
19
The Taos Indians had been working for years to reclaim the sacred Blue Lake in a forty-eight-thousand acre tract of land in the Sangre di Cristo Mountains near Taos, New Mexico. I was privileged to be present at the ceremony when President Nixon signed the legislation to return it to them.
20
In Cairo for President Nasser’s 1972 funeral with (left to right) John McCloy, who had served as the High Commissioner of Germany after World War II; Robert Murphy, the renowned “diplomat among warriors” and Elliot Richardson. Then-acting President Anwar Sadat impressed us as thoughtful, serious, and ready to open avenues of communication with the West.
21
President Nixon could be both considerate and generous with his time. When I was preparing to leave for Brussels as the new U.S. ambassador to NATO, he asked me to stop by the Oval Office on my last day in Washington and to bring our son, Nick, with me. It was a glimpse of Nixon most people did not see.
22
With President Nixon and Henry Kissinger when Nixon attended his last NATO meeting in Brussels, just weeks before his resignation.
23
24
We had scheduled a family vacation for the beginning of August 1974. Joyce was determined to have some time together. We learned of President Nixon’s imminent resignation from the International Herald Tribune.
25
When I returned to Washington to serve as chief of staff in 1974, President Ford was determined to keep the White House involved in big issues. The warm and brilliant Dr. Herman Kahn moved seamlessly from discussing economics to nuclear strategy to future trends. Ford’s engagement in the discussion might have surprised his critics.
26
With Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, March 1975. The feeling was mutual.
27
On Air Force One with Larry Eagleburger (left), Henry Kissinger (center), and Dick Cheney (right). Serving as White House Chief of Staff was among my most challenging assignments, but it could also be enjoyable.
28
Ford’s fine sense of humor kept us all coming back day after day. It appears the President won this tennis match with photographer David Kennerly.
29
President Ford meeting with his advisers on the disastrous economic situation he had inherited (left to right: Bill Simon, Ron Nessen, Dick Cheney, and Alan Greenspan).
30
On his first trip abroad as President, Ford visited Vladivostok in the Soviet Union. His meetings, including this official luncheon with General Secretary Brezhnev and Foreign Minister Gromyko, were held in a former mental health sanitarium.
31
Two assassination attempts in September 1975 added to President Ford’s challenges. After the attempt by radical Squeaky Fromme, my longtime secretary, Lee Goodell, took down the President’s recollections on our return flight to Washington, D.C.
32
During the second assassination attempt, the bullet from Sarah Jane Moore’s pistol passed between the President’s head and mine, before hitting the wall of the St. Francis Hotel.
33
My mother, Jeannette, with Joyce, Nick, Marcy, and Valerie at my first swearing-in ceremony as secretary of defense. This is a favorite photograph of the special people in my life.
34
Nick, then eight years old, was taken aback by the nineteen-gun salute at the ceremony, but tried hard not to show it.
35
General-turned-statesman Yitzhak Rabin (left center) succeeded Prime Minister Golda Meir in 1974 to become the first Israeli-born leader of the Jewish state. He impressed me with his patriotism, which was tempered by a realistic understanding of the challenges of the Middle East. Tragically, he was assassinated in 1995.
36
In March 1976, President Ford awarded the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal to my colleagues from NATO (left to right), Belgian Ambassador André de Staerke and French Ambassador François de Rose, as well as my successor as U.S. ambassador, the noted diplomat David Bruce.
37
The President’s loss to Jimmy Carter in the 1976 election was tough, but the Fords continued to approach life with optimism, confidence, and good humor. It was a privilege to serve in his administration and to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom in January 1977.
38
It seems that most of what I have done in life has resulted from working closely with bright, energetic, broadly experienced people. As I entered the business world with precious little background, I benefited from the talents of Jim Denny (left) and John Robson (right). I had known John in high school and Jim in college, but it had never occurred to me that we might wind up working together at G. D. Searle in the 1970s and 1980s. It was my great good fortune that we did.
39
Serving as President Reagan’s Special Envoy for the Law of the Sea Treaty, I met with two old friends in Tokyo: U.S. Ambassador to Japan and former Democratic leader of the Senate Mike Mansfield of Montana and Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, with whom I had worked when I served as a member of the Japanese-American Parliamentary Exchange fifteen years earlier.
40
President Reagan asked me to serve as his Middle East envoy days after the terrorist attack on the Marine barracks outside Beirut, Lebanon, in October 1983. Reagan was deeply distressed over the loss of American lives. If in the end the problem of Syria, Lebanon, and Israel proved as intractable for his administration as for others, it was not for lack of will on the President’s part.
41
With Jack Kemp (left), Howard Baker, and Colin Powell discussing the 1996 presidential campaign. While our candidate, Bob Dole, had long experience in government and a compelling personal story of service, we were never able to challenge the personal charm and easy manner of his opponent, Bill Clinton.
42
As the year 2000 approached, Joyce and I thought we were moving into our rural period, Taos, New Mexico.
43
Dick Cheney and I were both amazed to find ourselves serving together in another administration some three decades after our time together at OEO. Cheney marked the occasion by signing this old photo
graph.
44
My second swearing-in as secretary of defense, this time with my old friend and colleague Judge Larry Silberman doing the honors.
45
With Colin Powell, Dick Cheney, and Condi Rice at the Pentagon, March 2001. From the beginning of the Bush administration the four of us met weekly for lunch when we were in town, and Colin, Condi, and I had a regular telephone call each morning. I respected them all.
46
The Pentagon, September 11, 2001.
47
The Pentagon, September 12, 2001.
48
During my early-morning drives to the Pentagon through empty Washington streets in the days after 9/11 I saw how the terrorist attacks gripped the nation and filled the newspapers.
49
(Left to right) Doug Feith, Gen. Jim Jones, President George Bush, Condi Rice, Gordon England, Gen. Hugh Shelton, Gen. Jack Keane, Adm. Vern Clark conferring at the Pentagon the day after 9/11.
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