“I said, ’This is’”: Author’s interview with William Wynkoop and Roy Strickland, June 3, 1993.
“any facts about homosexuality”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, xiv.
126 “deeply ashamed of: Ibid., xiv-xv.
“Passionate infatuations”: Ibid., xv.
His final solution was typical: Author’s interview with Brandt Aymar, May 1, 1995.
As the historian John D’Emilio: John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 33.
“is as involuntary”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 5–6.
To make money: Author’s interview with Brandt Aymar, May 1, 1995.
127 “discrimination and social”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 47.
“social, legal or ecclesiastical”: Ibid., 139–41.
“One of the reasons gay”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
“Tolerance is the ugliest”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 151.
128 “The prejudice of the”: Ibid., 228.
“Sexual freedom is actually”: Ibid., 232–33.
“All sexual activity”: Ibid., 232.
“the dominant factor”: Ibid., 6–7.
129 “Many homosexuals consider”: Ibid., 230.
William Wynkoop was … “who was effeminate”: Author’s interview with William Wynkoop and Roy Strickland, June 3, 1993.
131 “Millions cannot be excluded”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 91, 243.
III: THE SIXTIES
135 “It was a marvelous time”: On The Edge: Images from 100 Years of Vogue; 111.
“The thing that most”: Playboy, March 1966.
“You do what’s appropriate”: Author’s interview with Stormé DeLarverie, December 9, 1995.
“Queen power exploded”: New York Daily News, July 6, 1969.
“Do you think homosexuals”: Donn Teal, The Gay Militants, 36.
136 “the prototype of every”: Before Stonewall (documentary).
As early as 1966: Time, January 21, 1966.
“I think the connections”: Before Stonewall (documentary).
“America changed because”: The Question of Equality, pt. 1 (documentary).
137 “of Levis, denim jackets”: Thomas Powers, The War at Home, 24–25.
“and no one ever bothered”: Author’s interview with David Kaiser, November 7, 1995.
“Dial-a-Demonstration”: Andy Warhol and Pat Hackett, POPism, 255. the antiwar movement convinced: Charles Kaiser, 1968 in America, 78.
138 “I fought my way” … “not financially stable”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
139 “The worst effect of slavery”: Letter from Jack Nichols to the author, December 12, 1995.
In November 1961: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
“As we got into things”: Ibid.
“Our opponents will do”: John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 152.
Kameny was speaking: See, for example, Mattachine Review, vol. V, no. 6, June 1959, which included a “Critique” by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. “Homosexuals will only harm themselves immensely to the degree that they do not admit that fixed homophilism (as distinct from occasional homosexual acts) is invariably a distinct sickness.” Eight years earlier, Ellis had written the introduction to The Homosexual in America, presumably because he was one of the most sympathetic psychologists Edward Sagarin could find.
140 “I do not see the NAACP” … “in which they live”: John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 153.
In the summer of 1963: Author’s interview with Jack Nichols, January 15, 1996.
“discriminatory”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
“homosexual scandal” … declined further comment: New York Times, October 16 and 28, 1964.
141 “The mental attitude”: John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 163.
“no homosexual problem”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 228.
“It remains to be proved”: Ibid., 85.
142 “He could get very nasty”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
“The entire homophile movement”: John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 164.
“You have fallen”: Ibid., 167.
“It is very much”: Ibid., 168.
“These demonstrations created”: Letter from Frank Kameny to the author, December 19, 1995.
“Is God Dead?”: Time; April 8, 1966.
143 “God’s continuing and progressive”: New York Times, November 26, 1964.
The following year, even: Ibid., June 8, 1965.
But the Catholic archdiocese: Ibid., July 23, 1965.
“per se” … “effeminate and identifiable”: Ibid., November 29, 1967.
In October 1968: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 5.
“Homosexuality is not”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 36.
At the same time, the: New York Times, June 20, 1984.
144 “that everybody including”: Thomas Powers, The War at Home, 204–206.
“Who needs jazz”: New York Times Magazine, May 14, 1967.
145 “the love generation”: Thomas Powers, The War at Home, 209.
“coming of the psychedelic”: Author’s interview with Roy Aarons, December 12, 1991.
After Bobby’s killing Norman Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 15.
“one of those liberal”: James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket (documentary).
After King was killed: Charles Kaiser, 1968 in America, 148–49.
Under pressure from: New York Times, April 2, 1966.
Harold Bramson, a thirty-three-year-old: Author’s interview with Harold Bramson, March 4, 1994.
146 “apparent homosexuals”: New York Times, November 7, 1967.
“a general and an admiral” … “television personality”: New York Times, March 3, 1966, July 24, 1966, and May 17, 1967.
“the fundamental human right”: Ibid., May 3, 1967.
147 John Koch was an Iowa: Author’s interview with John Koch, June 6, 1995.
“I understood the psychodynamic” … “us from every source”: Letter from Frank Kameny to the author, December 19, 1995.
148 “crypto-Nazi”: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 31.
“homosexual bill of rights”: Letter from Frank Kameny to the author, December 19, 1995.
“History indicates that”: The New Republic, September 7, 1968.
149 “must always be regarded”: New York Times, November 29, 1967.
“modern technology was”: Karla Jay and Allen Young, Out of the Closets, xvii–xviii.
“The difference was”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 25, 1995.
In April 1969, Playboy: Playboy, April 1969.
“And I know no better”: New York Times, August 11, 1967. Thirty years later, Ms. Hauser declined to comment on her revolutionary point of view.
“I was scared to death”: Author’s interview with Dan Stewart, October 10, 1991.
150 “releasing of moral and cultural”: New York Times, March 8, 1964.
“It’s at that age when”: Author’s interview with Bob Dylan, November 13, 1985.
Their beguiling public persona: Peter Brown and Steven Gaines, The Love You Make, 58.
“We were more confused”: The Beatles Anthology, pt. 3, first broadcast in America on ABC, November 23, 1995.
151 “They exuded exuberance”: George Martin with William Pearson, With a Little Help from My Friends, 31.
“While I was watching”: A Hard Day’s Night (documentary).
“You didn’t take your eyes”: Ibid. The executive producer, Walter Shenson, reported that after the first screening of the film, George Harrison was the first to speak. He told Shenson it was very good; then the rest of the Beatles a
greed with him.
“undisputed troubadours”: Weekly News (Miami), December 20, 1995.
“In the age of Calvin”: Gore Vidal, United States, 448. “male as sex object”: Ibid.
152 “The Beatles provided”: Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (documentary).
“It was four guys”: The Beatles Anthology, pt. 3, first broadcast in America on ABC, November 23, 1995.
“metamorphosis from the ugly”: Jim Miller, ed., Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll, 276.
“It was Ginsberg”: Playboy, March 1978.
Ginsberg was in the studio: The New Yorker, October 24, 1964.
“Listen,” exulted Ginsberg: Ibid.
153 “Thanks,” said Bogarde … “and illuminated”: Dirk Bogarde, Snakes and Ladders, 201–202.
“It was the first film”: Vito Russo, The Celluloid Closet, 126. “If only these unfortunate” … “antiquated law”: Victim, directed by Basil Dearden, produced by Allied Filmmakers/Parkway/Rank, written by Janet Green and John McCormick, 1961.
154 “I do not believe”: Newsweek, July 7, 1965.
Dr. Arthur M. Ramsay: Ibid., June 7, 1965, and New York Times, July 5, 1967.
155 “which had never before”: Vito Russo, The Celluloid Closet, 128. “candid and clinical”: New York Times, November 16, 1961.
“We came out”: Author’s interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.
Ironically, the censorship offices: New York Times, October 4, 1961; and Gerald Gardner, The Censorship Papers, 191. “a coyly sensational”: quoted in Vito Russo, The Celluloid Closet, 131 and 126–27.
156 “too many people”: New York Times, February 20, 1966.
Six years later: Ibid., October 12, 1986.
One of the first things: Gay Talese, The Kingdom and the Power, 354.
157 “homosexual haunts” … “homosexual destiny”: New York Times, December 17, 1963.
159 “truly psychotic inverts”: Ibid.
160 “No sponsor wanted”: Author’s interview with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995.
The first version: Ibid. “I went to Fred’s eightieth birthday party last Friday night,” said Wallace. “I told this story, which of course convulsed the audience. And Fred said, ‘That’s true, that’s right!’”
But after Friendly … sensationalism: Variety, March 8, 1967; C. A. Tripp, The Homosexual Matrix, 209–10; author’s interviews with Edward Alwood, November 6, 1995, and with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995, and December 28, 1995; and Edward Alwood, Straight News, 71.
161 forty million prime-time viewers: Edward Alwood, Straight News, 73.
“not interested in”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.
“He’s nervous”: Author’s interview with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995.
“terribly frightened” … “please my father”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.
162 “I can’t imagine”: Author’s interview with Jack Nichols, November 7, 1995.
163 “Mike said I had”: Ibid.
“It seems perfectly”: Author’s interview with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995.
“The day after the program”: Edward Alwood, Straight News, 74.
“The fact that someone”: Ibid.
164 “I don’t think it’s easy”: New York Times, December 24, 1995.
“homosexual acts are not”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.
“Is it not time to”: Newsday, May 27, 1965.
“Every American citizen”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.
165 “Writers feel they”: New York Times, November 5, 1961.
“three of the most”: Ibid., January 23, 1966.
“Stanley had this absolutely”: Author’s interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.
166 “disgusting article”: New York Times, June 16, 1991.
“People make the mistake”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
“theory which one reads”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.
167 “He won’t even mention”: Author’s interview with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995.
“It is now widely”: Gore Vidal, United States, 443.
“It seems to me”: Author’s interview with Stephen Sondheim, August 1, 1995.
“Somebody would become successful”: Author’s interview with Gore Vidal, January 14, 1994.
“faced with the contrary”: Gore Vidal, United States, 443.
“horror at the fact”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
168 “You know, everybody”: Arthur Laurents interviewed by Larry Kramer in The Advocate, May 16, 1995.
“In Hollywood, you have”: Time, January 21, 1966.
“Oh, I don’t mean it”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
“even in ordinary”: Time, January 21, 1966.
169 “anti-homintern hysteria”: Author’s interview with Gore Vidal, October 14, 1993.
“It seems to me” … “An outsider”: “The Homosexuals, CBS Reports,” March 7, 1967.
170 “Jesus Christ!”: Author’s interview with Mike Wallace, November 6, 1995.
171 “It’s not a question” … “out in that way”: Ibid.
In September 1967: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, xvii-xx.
172 “Babe had said” … “unbelievable”: Author’s interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.
173 “as spectacular a group”: New York Times, November 29, 1966, and the personal archive of Katharine Graham.
It was an amazing list: New York Times, November 29, 1966.
“I’d never seen anything like”: Author’s interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.
“experience an instant inflation”: New York Times, December 8, 1966, quoted in Gerald Clarke, Capote, 379.
174 “I really did”: Author’s interview with “Stephen Reynolds,” September 24, 1992.
“There was such a”: Esquire, November 1991.
“Don’t you see whom”: Ibid.
“So,” Capote asked: Gerald Clarke, Capote, 379.
“I’d never met Jack”: Author’s interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.
“Truman said he didn’t”: Author’s interview with Paul Cadmus, May 20, 1995.
“Completely”… “I never was”: Author’s interview with Katharine Graham, July 10, 1995.
175 “That’s really why”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
“Any writer suspected”: Author’s interview with Gore Vidal, January 14, 1993.
“I always thought those guys”: Author’s interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.
176 “My mother was planning” … “do with anything”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
177 “Writing for Walter”: Author’s interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.
“Jack’s the best editor”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
“I always assumed”: Author’s interview with Jack Kroll, September 7, 1995.
“I had never gotten” … “read you a passage”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
178 “The first person he knew”: Charles Simmons, Wrinkles, 93–94.
“So Chris read me”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
179 “certainly a way” … “by the minute”: Author’s interview with Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, April 11, 1997.
“Absolutely no recollection”: letter from A. M. Rosenthal to the author, May 5, 1997.
“I had gone to Newsweek”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
180 “very religious life” … “and my yarmulke”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
182 “How to begin?”: Humphrey Burton, Leonard Bernstein, 183–184, 186.
183 “fabulous … Leona
rd is an iconic”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
In the fall of 1948: Humphrey Burton, Leonard Bernstein, 183–85.
“The idea of resurrection”: Ibid., 365.
“Mrs. Leonard Bernstein”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
184 “a look of almost”: Humphrey Burton, Leonard Bernstein, 365.
“He was incredible” … “turned on to it”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
185 “problem” … “detriment of others”: New York Times, January 1, 1966.
“with a sugarcane” … “boys in the band”: New York Times, October 21, 1993.
186 “What I am, Michael”: Mart Crowley, The Boys in the Band.
“I can’t send this”: New York Times, October 21, 1993.
“It worked as a play”: Author’s interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.
Crowley told colleagues: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
187 “transforming”: Author’s interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.
“You Don’t Have”: New York Times, September 29, 1968.
“You think they’ll”: Ibid., October 21, 1993.
“The Clothes The Boys”: Women’s Wear Daily, May 9, 1968.
Seven months into: New York Times, November 6, 1968.
“As Christians”: Ibid., November 11, 1968.
“The thing I always hated”: Ibid., May 12, 1968.
“these were people”: Author’s interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.
“by far the frankest”: New York Times, April 15, 1968.
188 “the shot heard round”: Author’s interview with Stephen Sondheim, August 1, 1995.
“I thought it was”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
“did for plays what”: New York Times, October 21, 1995.
“have fun”: Ibid., May 12, 1968.
“Bored with Scandinavia”: Mart Crowley, The Boys in the Band.
189 “I knew a lot of”: The Celluloid Closet (documentary).
“You are a sad” … “if you try”: Mart Crowley, The Boys in the Band.
190 The play was a hit: Author’s interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.
Just a year after: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 28–30.
“grimly visible”: Time, October 3, 1969.
“very pretty”: E-mail from Harvard undergraduate to author, May 18, 1997.
The Gay Metropolis Page 50
