Hitler's Foreign Executioners

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Hitler's Foreign Executioners Page 65

by Christopher Hale


  Warsaw, Polish capital (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34)

  Warsaw Uprising (1)

  Wartheland, Reichsgau (1)

  Wehrmacht, German armed forces (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34), (35), (36), (37), (38), (39), (40), (41), (42), (43), (44), (45), (46), (47), (48), (49), (50), (51), (52), (53), (54), (55), (56), (57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62), (63), (64), (65), (66), (67), (68), (69), (70), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (77)

  Weidling, Helmuth (1)

  Weigler, Zvi (1), (2), (3)

  Weizsäcker, Ernst, German state secretary (1)

  Welz, Robert du (1), (2)

  Wenck, Walther (1), (2), (3)

  Westforschung, study of European ethnic groups (1), (2)

  West, Rebecca (1), (2)

  ‘Westward Ho!’ (1), (2)

  Wewelsburg (1), (2)

  ‘Wiking’, SS division (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)

  Wildflecken, SS training camp (1), (2), (3)

  Wilmotte, Maurice, Belgian journalist (1)

  Wilson, Woodrow (1)

  Winckler, Heinrich August (1)

  Winterzauber (winter magic), (1)

  Wirth, Christian (1)

  Wisliceny, Dieter (1), (2)

  Wittrock, Hugo (1), (2)

  Wolf, Anton (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8)

  Wolff, Karl (1), (2)

  Wolf-Lupescu, Magda (1)

  Wolf’s Lair (1), (2), (3), (4)

  Wolfsschanze, Hitler’s eastern HQ (1), (2)

  Wolski Hospital (1)

  World Court (1)

  Woyrsch, Udo von (1), (2)

  Wrede, Walther, German archaeologist (1)

  WUSt, Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau (1)

  Yugoslavia (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16)

  Zagreb, Croatian capital (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13)

  Zagreb University (1)

  Zeibots, Viktors (1)

  Zemun camp (1)

  Zlochov, labour camp (1)

  Zloczew (1)

  Zossen (1)

  Plate Section

  1 SS Chief Heinrich Himmler in traditional Lederhosen. (USHMM)

  2 Governor of the German General Government, occupied Poland, Dr Hans Frank in 1939/40. Frank recommended ‘surgery not butchery’ when it came to solving Europe’s ‘Jewish problem’. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 121–0270. Photographer: o.Ang)

  3 Danish SS volunteer ‘Kaj’ who when interviewed said he wanted to urinate on the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin. (Owner permitted use)

  4 The ‘Death Dealer of Kovno’ Algirdą Antaną Pavalkį, photographed by German observers as he murdered Lithuanian Jews with an iron bar in the Lietukis Garage in Kovno. (Untraceable)

  5 Recruitment poster for the Flemish SS ‘Langemarck’. The Waffen-SS volunteer thrusts his bayonet at a caricatured Jewish figure wearing a Union Jack and apparently dominating Great Britain. German anti-Semitism attributed British resistance to the influence of Jews. (AKG-images)

  6 Adolf Hitler, Ribbentrop and other German dignitaries with Romanian ‘Legionary’ dictator Ion Antonescu, Munich, 10 June 1941. The Germans urged Antonescu to eliminate Romania’s Jewish population. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-B03212, Scherl agency)

  7 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, founder of the Romanian Legion of St Michael, the Iron Guard. Known as ‘the Captain’, Codreanu was said to resemble Hollywood actor Tyrone Power. (AKG-images)

  8 The Iaį pogrom, July 1941, carried out by the Romanian army and police units with German connivance. Here Jewish victims lie by the side of Vasile Conta Street. (USHMM/ Serviciul Roman De Informatii)

  9 The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el-Husseini, who fled to Berlin in 1941. (AKG-images)

  10 Himmler greets the Grand Mufti, 1943. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101III-Alber-164–18A. Photographer: Kurt Alber)

  11 The Grand Mufti with Bosnian Muslim SS recruit, November 1943. He urged the Bosniaks to ‘kill all Jews’. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 146–1978–070–05A. Photographer: Mielke)

  12 Bosnian Muslim recruits serving in the SS ‘Handschar’. (AKG-images)

  13 German SD Einsatzgruppe (Special Task Force) member murdering Ukrainian Jews, near Vinnitsa in 1941. Waffen-SS troops and Reich Labour Service recruits look on. (USHMM, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, courtesy of Sharon Paquette)

  14 A Ukrainian SS recruit attacking a Bolshevik caricature with bloody hands and knife. (Bundesarchiv, Plak 003–025–061)

  15 Propaganda poster enticing Ukrainians to join the SS ‘Galizien’, 1943. Notice the SS inspector measuring the height of the hopeful volunteer. Height was a critical biological standard for the SS. (Bundesarchiv, Plak 003–025–059)

  16 The first Ukrainian Waffen-SS volunteers assemble outside the opera house in L’viv (Lemberg), 18 July 1943. (Michael Melnyk Collection)

  17 Over 80,000 Ukrainian men volunteered to join the SS ‘Galizien’. That number was whittled down to less than 10,000 after rigorous inspection by SS experts. (Michael Melnyk Collection)

  18 SS inspectors examine Ukrainian recruits. It is not the case that Himmler abandoned recruitment standards after 1942. (Michael Melnyk Collection)

  19 Himmler and SS-Brigadeführer Wächter inspect the SS ‘Galizien’ at the Neuhammer training camp, May 1944. Himmler congratulated the Ukrainians for purging their beautiful country of Jews. (Michael Melnyk Collection)

  20 Wächter with Ukrainians including Professor Kubijovych, the leading Ukrainian collaborator with the German occupiers. (Michael Melnyk Collection)

  21 SS General Otto von Wächter, the main architect of SS recruitment in Galicia. (Michael Melnyk Collection)

  22 SS General Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, the leading SS ‘bandit hunter’ who followed Himmler’s instructions to ‘kill all Jews as partisans’. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101IIIAlber-096–32. Photographer: Kurt Alber)

  23 Himmler’s chief ‘bandit hunter’ Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski planning an operation in the ccupied Soviet Union, March 1944. German anti-partisan operations continued, in some areas, to involve the mass killing of Jews. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101III-AhrensA-020–31A. Photographer: Anton Ahrens)

  24 Belgian Walloon SS volunteer Léon Degrelle, photographed by Hitler’s personal photographer Heinrich Hoffmann as a hero of the Reich. (Bayerische Staatsbibliotek)

  25 Léon Degrelle with Walloonian volunteers in Pomerania in 1944. (Bayerische Staatsbibliotek)

  26 Belgian collaborator and SS volunteer Léon Degrelle is decorated by Hitler at his Rastenburg military headquarters, the ‘Wolf’s Lair’. In the background is SS General Felix Steiner.(Bayerische Staatsbibliotek)

  27 Croatian leader (Poglavnik) Ante Pavelić with German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in Salzburg, 6 June 1941. The Germans insisted that the Ustasha regime ‘solve’ its ethnic problems in the puppet regime of Croatia. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 183–2008–0612–500. Photographer: Henkel)

  28 Special weapon made by Ustasha guards to slaughter Jewish and Serbian inmates held in Croatian camps. (USHMM/Muzej Revolucije Narodnosti Jugoslavij)

  29 An Ustasha murder squad with victims. These squads rampaged through the German puppet state of Croatia murdering Jews and Serbs. (USHMM/Memorijalni muzej Jasenovac)

  30 The site of the Rumbula mass killings today. Between 30 November and 8 December 1941, SS General Friedrich Jeckeln directed the murder of 27,800 Latvian Jews, assisted by local auxiliaries. (Author’s own image)

  31 SS-Obergruppenführer Friedrich Jeckeln, the ‘Butcher of Riga’ who masterminded mass slaughter in Ukraine and Latvia. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-S45466)

  32 Viktors Arājs, Latvian commander of SD murder squad the ‘Arājs Commando’
, in British custody after the war. (UK National Archives)

  33 The Legionaries begin their march to the Freedom Monument. Young Latvian nationalists head the procession. (Author’s own image)

  34 Latvian nationalist guarding the Legion veterans. (Author’s own image)

  35 SS chief Heinrich Himmler inspecting Norwegian SS recruits. (USHMM)

  36 Bjorn Østring with a portrait of his hero, the Norwegian puppet ruler Vidkun Quisling.(Author’s own image)

  Copyright

  The views or opinions expressed in this book and the context in which the images are used, do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of, nor imply approval or endorsement by, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

  First published 2011

  The History Press

  The Mill, Brimscombe Port

  Stroud, Gloucestershire, GL5 2QG

  www.thehistorypress.co.uk

  This ebook edition first published in 2011

  All rights reserved

  © Christopher Hale, 2011

  The right of Christopher Hale to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

  This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.

  EPUB ISBN 978 0 7524 6393 3

  MOBI ISBN 978 0 7524 6394 0

  Original typesetting by The History Press

  Ebook compilation by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk

 

 

 


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