by Mark Pagel
Stengel, Casey, 334
stimulus enhancement, 40–42
stimulus-independent thought, 271–72, 331
Stoneking, Mark, 259
stone tools, 4, 32, 130
flaking of, 39–40, 41
stotting behavior, 214–15, 230
Stout, Martha, 123–24
strangers, wariness of, 8, 210–11, 216, 232
trust vs., 346–48
Stravinsky, Igor, 308
Strepsiptera, 317–18
Stringer, Chris, 44
strong reciprocity, 197–98, 199, 200–201
Stylites, Christian, 21–22
subliminal messages, 325–26
Sudan, 9
suicide, 23, 24, 26, 73, 195–96, 202, 225
bacterial, genes spread by, 319
see also self-sacrifice, suicidal
suicide bombers, 85, 97, 152, 201
soldier termites as, 175
suicide cults, mass, 162
“Suicide in the Trenches” (Sassoon), 224
Sumerians, 167
superego, 321–22, 323
superstitious beliefs, 141–45
supply and demand, law of, 121–22, 200
survival of the fittest, 14, 64, 80, 154, 186, 272
survival strategies, x, 6, 7, 10–11, 13, 22, 66, 72, 73, 118–19, 150, 158, 235, 239, 309, 352–53
Swadesh, Morris, 294
Swaythling, England, 38–39
Swedes, 58
symbolic thinking, 32–33, 38, 112, 113, 219–20, 236, 278
systemizing, 128
Szathmáry, Eörs, 75
tabula rasa, doctrine of, 4–5
Tahiti, warfare in, 92
talents, 99–131, 236, 355–56
artistic, 109–13
environmental influences on, 102, 113–19
evolutionarily stable strategies in, 119–25
genetic factors in, 100–102, 110, 113–19, 122–29
latent, 108–13, 127
musical, 109, 112
see also specialization
Tanzania, 30, 43, 299–30, 306
task sharing, 100, 102
Tasmania, 61
Tate Britain art gallery, 138
taxi drivers, payment of, 196, 200
T-cells, 25
technology, social management of, 330
teleology, 140, 141
televangelists, 162
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, ix
Teresa, Mother, 213, 218
Terminator series, 22, 312
termites, 39, 40, 41, 73, 74, 76–77, 106, 345
Australian compass, 76, 352
as local rules agents, 351–53
warfare of, 175
terrorism, 204, 225
Te Toki a Tapiri Maori war canoe, 94
theory of mind, 41–43, 248–50
in animals, 42
in deception, 311–12, 330–31
mental simulations and, 249–50, 330–31
Theory of the Leisure Class, The (Veblen), 155
Tibetans, 9, 48, 262
Tierra del Fuego, 35, 61, 260
tit-for-tat strategy, 193–94, 199
togetherness, sense of, 366–69
Tomasello, Michael, 41
Tooby, John, 208–9
totipotent cells, 354, 355–56
Tour de France bicycle race, 85–86
Tower of Babel, story of, 276, 303–4
tragedy of the commons, 226–27
transferability, 218–22, 225
transposons, 285–87
trees, rule of two and, 63
tribal groups, vii–ix, 1–2, 7, 12–15, 49–59, 338–40, 346, 366
see also cultural survival vehicles; hunter-gatherers
tribalism, 205–6
Trivers, Robert, ix, 149, 189, 199, 201, 307, 312
trust, 88–89, 153, 176–77, 191, 261–62, 204, 210, 223–24, 232, 280–81, 312, 365–66, 368
money as system of, 219–20
in strangers, 346–48
in warfare, 83–84, 216–17
truth, 307–9, 334–40
risk assessment and, 338–40
working definition of, 334
tsunami of December 2004, 174–75
Turkana, Lake, vii
Turkana tribe, 52
twin studies, 115–17
2001: A Space Odyssey, 22, 43
ultimatum game, 196–200
ultra-sociality, 73, 81, 82, 202, 204
United Kingdom, 19
declining crime rates in, 266
Ur, 346
ur-ancestors, 74
vampire bats, 190–91
Vanuatu islands, linguistic density of, 49–50, 53
Veblen, Thorstein, 155–56, 214–15
vehicles, 45–46, 64, 133–34, 283, 343
cooperative, 73–77
as genetic transmitters, 79–80
RNA, 74–75
of social insects, 76–77
as term, 12
see also cultural survival vehicles
venture capitalists, 212–13
Venus statues, 261–62, 336
Vietnam War, 159
Vikings, 36
violence, 73, 88–98, 150–53, 159–60, 185–86, 193, 223, 360, 362, 367
instinctive moral rejection of, 329
of moralistic aggression, 89, 90–91, 94–95, 195–96, 224, 226
of murder, 89, 92, 94–95, 309–11
natural selection against, 266
parochialism in, 88–90, 91–94, 98, 150, 231–32
psychological dispositions to, 88–95
slavery as, 94
of suicide bombers, 85, 97, 152, 201
see also warfare
viruses, 20, 65–66, 248, 257
mind, 136, 152, 160–62
rapid evolution of, 25
visual theft, 69–73, 186, 280, 337–38
Voltaire, 140
Vuré speakers, 50
Wales, 83
Wanambre speakers, 49
War (Junger), 83–84
War Before Civilization (Keeley), 92, 193
war canoes, Maori, 93–94
warfare, 3, 8, 33, 88–98, 102, 124, 128, 159–60, 198, 204, 221
chess as game of, 332
courage and bravery in, 72, 73, 96, 217
genocidal, 88–89
Henry V’s St. Crispin’s Day speech in, 165–66
among hunter-gatherers, 92–94
meme-meme, 152
religious, 83, 159
“short timers” in, 85
of social insects, 71, 73, 152, 175
suicidal self-sacrifice in, 71, 73, 80, 83–85, 96, 97, 175, 202, 225
tit-for-tat revenge cycles in, 193–94
trench, 73, 97, 192, 224
trust in, 83–84, 216–17
wasps, 73, 74, 76–77, 106, 345
waste, conspicuous, 153–56, 163, 166, 213–16, 217, 230, 362
Watson, Thomas, Jr., 334
wealth creation, 359, 360
Webster, Noah, 305
Weinberg, Steven, 91
whales, 8
“Where’s George,” Web site, 365
White on White (Malevich), 132
Wilde, Oscar, 58
William the Conqueror, 57
Wilson, David Sloan, 96, 150–51
Wilson, E. O., 22, 26, 275–76, 279–80
Wilson, Margo, 315
Wind in the Willows (Grahame), 281
win-stay, lose-shift strategy, 106–8, 109, 123
in cooperation, 194–95
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 281
Wizard of Oz, The, 334
Wolbachia, 319
Womble, W. H., 55
women, 316, 317
English, moralistic aggression of, 224
honor killings of, 224–25
Kenyan, jewelry of, 52
menopause of, 67, 265
reproduction rates of, 66–67
reproductive lifespans of, 67
<
br /> reproductive potential of, 260–61, 320–21
Wooding, S., 259–60
World According to Garp, The (Irving), 273
World History (Polybius), 243
World War I, 159
moralistic aggression in, 224
trench warfare of, 73, 97, 192, 224
World War II, 73, 159, 164, 225
Wrangham, Richard, 235
writing, 128, 244, 265
cuneiform, 167
oral traditions vs., 166–68
X chromosomes, 318
xenophobia, 8, 27, 81–82, 98, 150, 207, 231–32, 367–69
X-woman, 31, 33
Yankton Indians, 185
Y chromosomes, 318
yeast, 64, 284
yeti, 34
York (slave), 185–86
Y2K (millennium bug), 22
Zahavi, Amotz, 154–55, 156, 213–15, 230
Zanzibar, 94
Zipf, George Kingsley, 300–301
Zipf’s law, 301
Copyright © 2012 by Mark Pagel
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pagel, Mark D.
Wired for culture : origins of the human social mind / Mark Pagel. — 1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-393-06587-9 (hardcover)
1. Human evolution. 2. Social evolution. 3. Evolution (Biology) 4. Evolutionary genetics. I. Title.
GN281.P32 2012
303.4—dc23
2011044465
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