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Iam particularly indebted to the excellent work of Professor Eric Ives on Henry VIII’s will. I am grateful to the staff of The London Library, The British Library, The National Archives and the Bodleian Library, who have been so kind in helping me locate sources.
I am thankful, too, for the support I have received from my colleagues and students at New College of the Humanities, particularly from Dr Hannah Dawson, Dr Lars Kjaer, Dr Joanne Paul and Professor Anthony Grayling. My student Paula Erizanu acted as a research assistant for me in the early stages of this book, and her bibliographic research was invaluable. Thank you to all fellow members of the Ottoline Club, our interdisciplinary faculty club, for their helpful comments on my early paper on this material, and to Dr David Mitchell for the invitation to present my research. Thank you, too, to my second-year students who endured digressions into the subject of the will during their Michaelmas 2014 tutorials on the Tudors.
For the elegant construction of this book, thank you to Anthony Cheetham and Richard Milbank at Head of Zeus. Thank you very much, too, to Jessie Childs for reading this book in manuscript so carefully and at short notice. Thank you to Mark Hawkins-Dady for impeccable copy-editing, which licked this body into good shape. Thank you too to Dr Tom Licence, Peter Foden and Dr Gavin Robinson for palaeographic help. My excellent agents, Felicity Bryan, Helen Purvis and Sue Ayton, support me to an astonishing degree and I am very grateful to them.
Personally, I want to thank Marie-Noëlle Raynal-Bechetoille and Philippe Raynal for creating such a wonderful atmosphere in which to write; Suzanne Phillips and Sarah Broughton for their massive practical help and encouragement as I started out writing; and my parents, Nick and Marguerite Lipscomb, for their great support and hands-on help. Thank you, also, to all my friends for encouragement, companionship and welcome distraction, but especially to Hannah Dawson, Thomas Leveritt, Josh Dell and Simon Schama.
Finally, I particularly want to thank my dear friend Dan Jones, who cajoled, encouraged, bullied and inspired me into writing this.
SUZANNAH LIPSCOMB
Picture Credits
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50 Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2015 / Bridgeman Images; 155 © RMN-Grand Palais (Musée du Louvre); 159 Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2015 / Bridgeman Images; 161 © Inner Temple Library; 169 Steve Vidler / Alamy Stock Photo; 190–1 The National Archives; 200 The National Archives; 209 Ann Ronan Pictures / Print Collector / Getty Images; 216–7 British Library Board / Topfoto.
Index
A
Act for the Advancement of True Religion 44
Acts and Monuments, see Foxe’s Book of Martyrs
Ailef, John 19, 142
Alen, John 92
Alsopp, Thomas, the king’s apothecary 142
Aragon, Ferdinand of, see Ferdinand of Aragon
Aragon, Katharine of, see Katharine of Aragon
Arthur, Prince of Wales 25, 113
Arundel, Earl of, see FitzAlan, Henry
Arundel, Sir Thomas 147, 148
Askewe, Anne 53, 55–8, 64, 78, 83, 107, 154, 157, 167
Audley, Thomas 140
Audley, Thomas, Baron of Walden 140
B
Baker, Sir John, Chancellor of the Tenths and First Fruits 204, 205
Baldwin Smith, Lacey (historian) 92, 121
Barnes, Robert 107
Becket, Thomas 102
Bellingham, Sir Edward 140
Berkeley, Sir Maurice 140
Bertano, Gurone (papal envoy) 103
Blage, George 53, 58–9, 64
Blount, Elizabeth 26
Boleyn, Anne 26, 28, 29, 39, 40, 49, 87, 116, 144
Boulogne, siege of 43, 87
Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk 56, 117
Bromley, Sir Thomas, a puisne justice of the King’s Bench 87, 89, 134, 139
Browne, Sir Anthony, esquire to the body of Henry VIII, Master of the King’s Horse 83, 86, 87, 90, 97, 130, 133, 203, 205
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke of 79
Burnet, Gilbert (historian) 50, 64, 75, 81
Bury, Agnes, a ‘lunatic’ 92
Bury, John, a ‘lunatic’ 92
C
Calthorpe, Anne, Countess of Sussex 56
Calvin, John 35
Canterbury, Archbishop of, see Cranmer, Thomas
Cawarden Sir Thomas 140, 143, 147
Cecil, Richard 140
Champernowne, Joan 56
Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations, see North, Sir Edward
Chancellor of the Tenths and First Fruits see Baker, Sir John
Chapuys, Eustace 76, 128
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 28, 43, 75
Cheke, Sir John 106, 107
Cheney, Sir Thomas, Treasurer of the Household 89, 204, 205
Cherbury, see Herbert, Edward, Lord of
Chief Justice of the Commons Pleas, see Montagu, Sir Edward
Christ’s Hospital 143
Church of England 19, 23, 30, 36, 101–2, 108. See also Supreme Head of the Church of England
Clement VII, Pope 28
Clerk, William 92–3, 201
Cleves, Anne of 38–40, 87, 133
Clifford, Mabel 56
Coke, Richard 90, 140, 142
Comptroller of the Household, see Gage, Sir John
Court of Augmentations 55, 73, 87, 203
Cox, Dr Richard 106
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury 22, 23, 29, 30, 36, 71, 86, 103, 133, 203, 205
Cromwell, Thomas 36, 38–40, 47, 53, 55, 76, 121
D
d’Annebaut, Claude, Admiral of France 67, 103, 106, 107
Darcy, Sir Thomas 140
de Guise, Marie 120
de la Garde, Baron Antoine Escalin des Aimars, captain of the French fleet 98
de Marillac, Charles, French ambassador 33
de Perreau, Louis, Seigneur de Castillon, French ambassador 34
de Selve, Odet, French ambassador 70, 83
Defence of the Seven Sacraments, The 36, 101
Defender of the Faith 19, 101
Denny, Sir Anthony, Chief Gentleman of the King’s Privy Chamber 22, 25, 56, 76, 83, 85, 87, 92, 93, 110, 139, 144, 147, 203
Dissolution of the Monasteries 38–9, 53, 55, 102
Dudley, John, Viscount Lisle, High Admiral of England, later Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland 67, 70, 86, 101, 107, 148, 158, 203, 205
Durham, Bishop of, see Tunstal, Cuthbert
E
Edward III 50, 123
Edward IV 30, 87, 117
Edward V 123
Edward the Confessor 50, 77
Edward, Prince and later King Edward VI 11, 12, 30, 33, 34, 67, 68, 70, 73, 85, 87, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 114, 117, 120, 121, 123, 127, 130–3, 137, 138, 139, 142, 144, 148, 151, 154, 156–8, 160, 163, 166
Elizabeth, Princess and later Queen Elizabeth I 11, 23, 29, 30, 43, 95, 98, 114, 116, 117, 124, 130, 139, 158, 160–1
Elton, Professor G.R. (historian) 11, 12, 107
Erasmus 107, 138
Essex Earl of, see Parr, William
F
Ferdinand of Aragon 25
Ferrers, Richard 142
Fisher, Bishop John 55, 86
FitzAlan, Henry, Earl of Arundel, Lord Chamberlain of the Household 89, 204, 205
Fitzroy, Henry, Duke of Richmond and Somerset 25, 26, 29, 144, 151
Fitzwilliam, Sir William 56, 144
Forrest, Henry 142
Foxe, John 12, 13, 23, 56, 59, 62–4, 75, 106
Foxe’s Book of Martyrs (Acts and Monuments) 23, 56
G
Gage, Sir John, Comptroller of the Household 204, 205
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester 62, 64, 68–75, 76, 81, 89–90, 97, 98, 106–8, 110, 117, 137, 167, 205
Gates, John 90, 92, 140, 143, 147
Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber 22, 25, 56, 87, 88–9, 90, 140
Gloucester, Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of 123
Gloucester, Richard, Duke of, later Richard III of England 123
Great Master of the King’s Household, see Paulet, William
Gresham, Paul 92
Grey, Lady Frances 117, 120
Grey, Henry, Marquess of Dorset 117
Grey, Lady Jane 11, 117, 118, 148, 158, 160, 163
Grey, Lady Katherine 117
Grey, Lady Mary 117
Gruffydd, Elis 50
Guy, Professor John (historian) 11
H
Harman, Edmund (Henry VIII’s barber-surgeon) 19, 90, 140
Harris, Anne 92
Hayward, Sir John (Edward VI’s first biographer) 130
Henry 30, 143, 117
Henry VI 30, 117, 123
Henry VII 19, 30, 87, 107, 117, 127, 168
Henry VIII
death 22–3, 127–8, 130, 133
foreign policy 43, 49, 67
health 34, 83
last decade 33
marriages 26, 38–9, 40, 62–3
religion 33, 36, 38, 44, 59, 101–3
relationship with councillors 39, 70–5
succession 23, 26, 44, 113–17
will, see will and testament, Henry VIII’s
Herbert, Lord of Cherbury (historian) 50
Herbert, Sir William, one of the Chief Gentlemen of the King’s Privy Chamber 83, 87, 89, 93, 139, 147, 203
Hertford, Earl of, see Seymour, Edward
Hertford, Countess of, see Stanhope, Anne
High Admiral of England, see Dudley, John
Hoby, Sir Philip 140
Holland, John 142
Holy Roman Emperor, see Charles V
Howard, Catherine 40, 49
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey 49, 50, 77, 79
Howard, Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk 79
Howard, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 19, 49, 50, 75, 79, 205
Huicke, Robert (royal doctor) 92, 140
Hunt, Roland, a groom of the Privy Chamber 92
I
Isabella of Castile 25
Ives, Professor Eric (historian) 90, 97, 117, 148
J
&
nbsp; James V, King of Scotland 117, 120
James VI, King of Scotland 11, 124, 161
Jane, the queen’s fool 92
Jordan, W.K. (historian) 50
K
Katherine of Aragon 23, 25–8, 29, 40, 86, 101, 116, 211
Knevet, Sir Anthony 56
L
Lambert, John 59
last will and testament of Henry VIII, see will and testament Henry VIII
Lethington, Lord of, see Maitland, Sir William
Lisle, Viscount of, see Dudley, John
Lord Chamberlain of the Household, see FitzAlan, Henry
Lord Chancellor, see Wriothesley, Sir Thomas
Lord Great Chamberlain of England, see Seymour, Edward
Lord Privy Seal, see Russell, Lord John
Lord Protector, see Seymour, Edward
Lord St John, see Paulet, William
Louis XII, King of France 117
Luther, Martin 34–6, 52, 101, 102
M
Machiavelli, Niccolò 124
Maitland, Sir William, Lord of Lethington, Secretary of State to Mary, Queen of Scots 94, 160
Marshall, Professor Peter (historian) 53
Marquess of Dorset, see Grey, Henry
Marquess of Winchester, see Paulet, William
Mary, Queen of Scots 11, 94, 117, 120, 124, 160
Mary, Princess, later Queen Mary I 26, 29, 30, 43, 79, 95, 107, 114, 116–7, 137, 158, 160
Master of the King’s Horse – see Sir Anthony Browne
Mewtas, Sir Peter 140
Montagu, Sir Edward, Chief Justice of the Commons Pleas 87, 89, 139, 160, 203
Moore, Alice 92
More, Sir Thomas 55, 86
Morison, Richard 53
N
Nevill, Henry 90, 140
Norfolk, 3rd duke of, see Howard, Thomas
Norfolk, 4th duke, see Howard, Thomas
North, Sir Edward, Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations 73, 87, 203
Northampton, Earl of, see Parr, William
Northumberland, Duke of, see Percy, Sir Henry
O
Owen, George (royal doctor) 62, 90, 140
P
Paget, Sir William, Chief Secretary to Henry VIII 11–13, 19, 40, 44, 68, 72–3, 76, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 98, 107, 127–8, 130–4, 137, 143, 144–8, 153, 156, 166, 203, 205
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