by David DeKok
2 - “began to read through the Betsy Aardsma case”: Roger Smith, interview by the author, October 9, 2008; she felt increasingly marginalized: GHK, October 10, 2010. Trooper Sally Brown told Keibler, “They tell me I’m in charge of it, but . . .” She did not respond to an interview request for this book.
3 - “throughout the whole report”: Op. cit., Smith interview.
4 - “could not put Maurer out of their thoughts”: Tom Shelar, interview by the author, March 7, 2011.
5 - “I think they felt it was a dead horse”: Shelar interview, March 7, 2011: The story of John Shambach’s background investigation of Larry Paul Maurer comes entirely from an interview of him by the author on March 14, 2011. Mike Simmers provided third-party verification of some of what Shambach told me.
6 - “Shelar did place a notation”: Op. cit., Shelar interview.
7 - “had assignments and worked with a group”: Ibid., Shambach interview.
8 - “particularly Mike Simmers”: Simmers interview, February 22, 2011; no plans to publish it: Derrick Nunnally, Philadelphia Inquirer, July 31, 2008.
9 - the case she had heard so much about growing up: Kim Simmers Kravitsky, interview by the author, March 17, 2011.
10 - “one of the most memorable stories that my dad had always told us”: Kravitsky interview, March 17, 2011.
11 - “Freedom of Information Act request”: Roger Smith’s FOIA requests to the National Security Agency in 2006 and the NSA denial letters were obtained by the author via his own FOIA request to NSA.
12 - “Simmers convened a meeting at his house”: Simmers interview, February 22, 2011; take the Aardsma case to a grand jury: GHK, January 4, 2011; met with Madeira: Smith interview, March 17, 2011; “you need some evidence”: Kent Bernier, e-mail to the author, June 27, 2013.
13 - “promise not to contact the Aardsma family”: GHK interview, January 4, 2011; she was told by a young professor: Pamela West Kraske, e-mail to the author, June 24, 2013, 5:27 p.m.; feared getting sued: Derrick Nunnally, “At Penn State, a Slaying Still Haunts,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 31, 2008; a science-fiction novel: see, Pamela West, 20/20 Vision (New York: Ballantine Books, 1990).
14 - “looking for anyone in Lancaster”: “The Mysterious Murder of Penn State Student Betsy Aardsma,” interview of Derek Sherwood by Todd Matthews, August 9, 2008, Yahoo! Voices (http://voices.yahoo.com/the-mysterious-murder-penn-state-student-betsy-1789847.html), accessed June 25, 2013.
15 - “at the M&M Mars candy plant”: CLH, September 15, 2010; Chris was surfing the Internet: CLH, August 23, 2010; Out of curiosity, he e-mailed Sherwood: CLH, e-mail to the author, August 20, 2010, 3:47 p.m.; told him about the murder: CLH, August 23, 2010.
16 - Chris did more searching online: CLH, August 23, 2010; everything he had suppressed for so long: Ibid; It fit Rick almost exactly: CLH, September 15, 2010; played the tape: Ibid.
17 - “with a cold professionalism”: CLH, September 15, 2010; did not go to interview him in Lancaster: CLH, August 23, 2010; a ridiculous question: Ibid.
18 - “did not “turn my nose up at him”: Trooper Leigh Barrows, e-mail to the author, August 30, 2010, 11:19 a.m.; told him to take down his Myspace page: Trooper Leigh Barrows, e-mail to the author, August 30, 2010, 11:51 a.m.
19 - “all the evidence pointed”: Hosler interview, November 8, 2011; believed Haefner was the killer: Mike Mutch, interview by the author, February 17, 2012.
20 - “She e-mailed the author”: Wich, e-mail to the author, August 19, 2010, 9:59 a.m.; Aardsma family was relieved: Confidential source, e-mail to the author, August 19, 2010, 10:17 p.m.
21 - “We’re not close to solving the Aardsma case”: Trooper Jeff Pettucci, comments to author, August 22, 2010; “don’t need to explain myself”: Trooper Leigh Barrows, e-mail to author, August 30, 2010.
22 - “were going to make some arrests”: CLH, September 15, 2010.
Epilogue
1 - “never truly recovered after her murder”: Confidential source, e-mail to author, August 19, 2010.
2 - “looked very sad”: JoAnn Pelon Wassenaar, e-mail to the author, April 4, 2011; talk to him about Betsy: Wich interview, July 21, 2011.
3 - “became a Reformed Church minister”: Dennis Wegner interview, November 13, 2008.
4 - “You’ve gotta love that girl”: Tyger interview, September 23, 2008.
5 - “He acknowledged, first, the criticism”: GHK interview, June 26, 2013.
6 - “who could respond to any of this speculation”: Bill Mahon, e-mail to the author, November 17, 2008.
Selected Bibliography
Additional source material not listed in the Selected Bibliography is listed within the Notes.
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Ayers, B. (2001). Fugitive Days: A Memoir. Boston: Beacon Press.
Baskir, L. M., and W. A. Strauss. (1978). Chance and Circumstance: The Draft, the War, and the Vietnam Generation. New York: Vintage Books.
Boyer, D. “1969 Murder Goes Unsolved,” Daily Collegian, Penn State University, May 18, 1981.
Bratt, J. D. (1984). Dutch Calvinism in Modern America: A History of a Conservative Subculture. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
Brooks, V. D. (2009). Boomers: The Cold-War Generation Grows Up. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
Bugliosi, V., with Curt Gentry. (1974). Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
Camilleri, J. A. (2008). “Pedophilia: Assessment and Treatment,” Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. D. R. Laws and William T. O’Donohue, eds. New York: The Guilford Press.
Cirilli, K. “Betsy Ruth Aardsma: 40 Years Later,” Daily Collegian, Penn State University, November 20, 2009.
Cox, R. W. (1977). Deadly Pursuit: The Pulitzer Prize–Winning Story of Terror in the Pennsylvania Mountains. Harrisburg, PA: Cameron House.
Davis, C. T., and D. Walden (eds.). (1970). On Being Black: Writings by Afro-Americans from Frederick Douglass to the Present. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Publications.
De River, D. J. P. (1958). Crime and the Sexual Psychopath. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Galewitz, P. “At PSU, 3 Coed Killings within 47 Years Remain Unsolved,” Patriot-News, Harrisburg, PA, March 5, 1988.
Geberth, V. J. (1983) Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques. New York: Elsevier.
Gehman, R. (1954). A Murder in Paradise. New York: Rinehart.
Graysmith, R. (2007). Zodiac Unmasked: The Identity of America’s Most Elusive Serial Killer Revealed. New York: Berkley Books.
Haefner, C. (2009). The Silver Mine. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris.
Heineman, K. J. (1993). Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era. New York: New York University Press.
Hillegonds, W. (1978). Oral History interview of Rev. William Hillegonds by Conrad Strauch Jr., Living Heritage Oral History Project. Hope College, Holland, Michigan.
James, E. W. K. (1991). Catching Serial Killers: Learning from Past Serial Murder Investigations. Lansing, MI: International Forensic Services, Inc.
Jenkins, P. (1998). Moral Panic: Changing Concepts of the Child Molester in America. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kennedy, J. C., and Caroline J. Simon. (2005). Can Hope Endure? A Historical Case Study in Christian Higher Education. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Keyes, E. (1976). The Michigan Murders. New York: Pocket Books division of Simon & Schuster.
Laws, D. R., and William
T O’Donohue (eds.). (2008). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lee, J. M. (1965). Centre County: The County in Which We Live. State College, PA: Self-Published.
Lengner, K. E., and G. Ross. (2009). Remembering the Early Shoshone and Tecopa Area, 2nd ed. Shoshone, CA: Deep Enough Press.
Lenio, M. “Murder Conjures Memories of Pattee Stabbing in 1969,” Daily Collegian, Penn State University, March 11, 1987.
Lewis, A. H. (1975). Murder By Contract: The People vs. “Tough Tony” Boyle. New York: Macmillan.
Lockhart, W. B. (1970). The Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography: A Special Report of the New York Times. New York: Random House.
Lynch, C. O., and John Ward Wilson Loose. (1966). “A History of Brewing in Lancaster County, Legal and Otherwise,” Journal of the Lancaster County Historical Society, 70.
Magnani, T. (1969) Autopsy report of Betsy Ruth Aardsma, Pathology No. A-69-41, November 28, 1969, Office of the Prothonotary, Centre County Courthouse, Bellefonte, PA.
Meisler, S. (2011). When the World Calls: The Inside Story of the Peace Corps and Its First 50 Years. Boston: Beacon Press.
Miller, E. W. (1992). The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at Penn State. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Miller, M. and L. A. Wright. (2007). Geology of Death Valley National Park, revised 2nd ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.
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Quarteroni, B. “10 Years Later: Woman’s Death Still a Mystery,” Centre Daily Times, State College, PA, November 28, 1979.
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Index
Aardsma, Betsy, 14, 29, 95, 99, 114, 133, 135, 141, 149, 151, 265, 284, 293, 360
Betsy Aardsma Fund organized, 128–29
life at Hope College, 151–53
social and mission work, 157
transfers to University of Michigan, 160
family problems, 161–62, 180
University of Michigan, 165–66
reaction to Coed Killer, 177
Peace Corps, 181–84
arrives at Penn State, 189
premonitions of own death, 202–3
urban legend of, 289–90
———, murder investigation, 22–25
country rapist theory, 26–27, 36, 38, 79, 80, 112
crime scene contaminated, 26–28
autopsy, 28–31
Kimmel takes charge of investigation, 33
composite sketches of suspect, 77
use of hypnosis, 79–81
lack of motive, 82–83
drug rumors, 85, 87, 96–98, 170
Robert G. Durgy, 88–91
funding from Penn State, 111–12
appeal for tips, 117
Larry Paul Maurer, 118–20, 351
reward offered, 124
link sought to Coed Killer in Michigan, 187
Ted Bundy theory, 314–19
———, murder of, 15–16, 209–10
pronounced dead, 21
“death mask” photo, 51
funeral, 58–60, 87–88
poem, “Why Do I Live?,” 58, 144
burial, 60
Aardsma, Dick, 35, 49, 55, 57, 98, 114, 129, 133–34, 144
alcoholism, 161, 180, 237, 320
Aardsma, Esther, 49, 55, 57, 60, 83, 98, 129, 133–34, 144, 238, 319
Aardsma (Tessimond), Kathy, 21, 50, 57, 60–61, 359
Aberdeen, Maryland, 244
Abernathy, Rev. Ralph David, 5
Aiello, Trooper Dave, 356
Albert, Neil, 294
Allen, Richard Sanders, 14–5, 209
Althouse, Paul M., 10, 109
Andrews (Newman), Terrie, 85, 169, 180
Angell Hall, University of Michigan, 168, 170
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 6, 56, 84–85, 90, 160–62, 165–67, 169, 172, 175, 177–80, 182, 183–84, 186, 190
Anthony, Ted, 55, 115, 319, 340–41
Appel, Judge Anthony R., 265–66, 268, 270, 279
Arnold, Betty, 73
Arwady, George, 51, 152
Atherton Hall, 33, 35–36, 46, 55, 93, 118, 138, 190, 199–200, 202, 212, 205–6, 350
Atkins, Susan, 236
Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), 27
Bachhuber, Fred, 342–43
Baker, Marian, 222–23, 266
Baldwin, James, 82
Barker Ranch, 71, 236, 262
Barnes, Robert, 11, 97, 109
Barrows, Trooper Leigh, 202, 349, 358, 359
Basom, Dawn, 179–80
Beaver Stadium, Penn State, 19, 24, 126, 193
Beineman, Karen Sue, 84, 186
Berger, Jeffrey, 5, 126
Benton v. Maryland, 279
Bernier, Trooper Kent, 99, 113, 349, 356
Bertram, Nancy, 289–90
Bise, Willie, 263–264
Black enrollment at Penn State, 40
Black Student Union, 192–93
Bloemendahl, Dirk, Sr., 147–48
The Blue Bird Wish, 133
Bolhuis, Tom, 58, 60, 144
Boomers: the Cold War Generation Grows Up (Victor D. Brooks), 133
Bomberger, Philip III, 227–28, 273
The Boston Strangler (film), 242
Boucke Building, 65, 68, 81, 83, 93, 125, 240
Boy Scout Troop 24, 224, 265, 272
Bradnick, Peggy Ann, 37–38, see also, Mountain Man investigation
Braman, Robert, 190
Brandt, Jim, 168, 188
Brandt, Sharon, 34, 36, 50, 55, 189, 202
Brode, Corporal Daniel, 25, 27–28, 33, 36, 38, 80, 105–6, 112, 317
Brown, District Attorney Charles C., Jr., 26, 28–29, 123–24
Brown, Detective Herb, 84
Brown, Trooper Sally, 344
Bruce (male victim of Haefner), 322–27, 344, 349
Brungart, Dean, 207–8, 288
Bucher, Judge Wilson, 280
Bundy, Ted, 112, 314–19
Burger, Chief Justice Warren, US Supreme Court, 239
Burkey, Jimmy, 254, 297, 322
Burkey, Kevin, 253, 261, 263, 265–67, 273, 275, 280, 282–283, 297, 299
Burnham, C. Wayne, 246
Burpee, John, 171–72
Burrowes Building, Penn State, 206–7
Camp Chiquetan, Boy Scouts of America, 225
Camp Optimist, Lancaster Recreation Commission, 267
Campus Patrol, 1, 7, 10, 24–25, 27, 36, 73–74, 80, 93, 96–97, 241, 288
Campbell, Judge R. Paul, 125
Centre County, 2, 7, 26, 28, 65
Centre County Hospital, 19, 28, 31, 65, 126
Centre Daily Times, 52, 124, 126, 246, 285–86
Chambers, Margaret, 140
Charmbury, Henry Beecher, 193
Chicago 7 conspiracy trial, 127
Chincoteague Island, Virginia, 324
Christian Reformed Church, 135, 137, 140
Cirilli, Kevin, 34–35, 108
Clarion State College hoax, 67–68
Coalition for Peace, Penn State, 94
Coed Murders, 56, 58, 83–84, 94, 123, 176–80, 183–87, 202
