by Lucy Moore
[81] Misson, Travels over England, p. 39.
[82] Defoe, Narrative of all the Robberies, reprinted in Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, p. 163.
[83] Defoe, Jack Sheppard, reprinted in Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, p. 141.
[84] Ibid., p. 142.
[85] Select Trials at the Old Bailey, 1734, Vol. 2, p. 130.
[86] P. Linebaugh, The London Hanged, 1992, p. 27; and L. I. Rudolph, The Mob in Eighteenth Century America and Europe’, American Quarterly XI, 4, 1959.
[87] D. Defoe, The Life of Jonathan Wild from his Birth to his Death, 1725 (p. xxix in an 1840 edition of Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[88] Anon., The History of the Remarkable Lives and Actions of Jonathan Wild, Thief-Taker, Joseph Blake alias Blueskin, Footpad, and John Sheppard, Housebreaker, 1725, pp. 82-7.
[89] Johnson, Highwaymen, p. 462.
[90] G. E., Authentic Memoirs of the Life and Surprising Adventures of John Sheppard by Way of Familiar Letters from a Gentleman in Town, 1724, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, p. 177.
[91] London Journal, 25 July 1724.
[92] G. E., Authentic Memoirs, reprinted in Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, p. 178.
[93] Defoe, Narrative of all the Robberies, reprinted in Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, p. 162.
[94] D. Defoe, The True and Genuine Account of the Life and Actions of Jonathan Wild, 1725 (reprinted in Penguin Classics, 1986), p. 237.
[95] B. de Mandeville, An Inquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, 1725, p. 3.
[96] Anon., The Histoy of the Remarkable Lives and Actions of Jonathan Wild, Thief-Taker, Joseph Blake alias Blueskin, Footpad, and John Sheppard, Housebreaker, 1725, p. 1.
[97] J. Addison in the Spectator, 1711. From a collected edition of essays from the Spectator, 1712.
[98] H. Misson, Memoirs and Observations of his Travels over England, 1719, p. 39.
[99] The Abbé Prevost, quoted in R. Porter, London: A Social History, 1994, p. 17.
[100] L. Radzinowicz, A History of English Criminal Law and its Administration from 1750, 1948, pp. 299-300.
[101] F. J. Lyons, Jonathan Wild, Prince of Robbers, 1936, p. 140.
[102] D. Defoe, The Life of Jonathan Wild from his Birth to his Death, 1725 (p. xlviii in an 1840 edition of Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[103] Anon., Remarkable Lives, p. 58.
[104] Weekly Journal, August 1723; quoted in J. Lindsay, The Monster City: Defoe’s London 1688-1730, 1978, p. 83.
[105] Both quotations in Duvall’s mini-biography in Captain C. Johnson, Lives of the Highwaymen, 1734, pp. 91-3.
[106] ‘The High-Pad’s Boast’, from The New Canting Dictionary (Anon.), 1735.
[107] P. Linebaugh, The London Hanged, 1992, p. 187.
[108] Ibid., p. 203.
[109] ‘H. D.’, The Life of Jonathan Wild, 1725, p. 29.
[110] Weekly Journal, 20 June 1719.
[111] F. McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth Century England, 1989, p. 61. Also, the anonymous Whole Life and History of Benjamin Child, 1722.
[112] Defoe, Life of Jonathan Wild (p. xix in an 1840 edition of Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[113] Daily Journal, 19 May 1724.
[114] P. Rogers, Hacks and Dunces, 1980, p. 185.
[115] Quoted in L. Stone, An Open Elite?, 1986, p. 409.
[116] Defoe, Life of Jonathan Wild (p. xlvii in an 1843 edition of Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[117] C. Caraccioli quoted in R. W. Malcolmson, Popular Recreations in English Society, 1973, p. 20.
[118] C. Hibbert, London: The Biography of a City, 1969, p. 103.
[119] Warrant of Detainder issued at Wild’s arrest, February 1725; Select Trials at the Old Bailey, 1735, Vol. 2, pp. 204-5.
[120] M. Ignatieff, A Just Measure of Pain, 1978, p. 172.
[121] D. Defoe, The Life of Jonathan Wild from his Birth to his Death, 1725 (p. xliv in an 1843 edition of Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[122] E. J. Burford, Wits, Wenchers and Wantons, 1992, p. 82.
[123] P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class, 1989, p. 12.
[124] J. Osborn, The Lives of the Most Remarkable Criminals, 1735 (ed. A. L. Hayward), 1927, p. 257.
[125] London Journal, 2 May 1725.
[126] Defoe, Life of Jonathan Wild (p. xxxiv in an 1840 edition of Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[127] Ibid. (p. xxxvi in Fielding’s Jonathan Wild the Great).
[128] D. Defoe, The True and Genuine Account of the Life and Actions of Jonathan Wild, 1725 (reprinted in Penguin Classics, 1986), p. 241.
[129] Anon., The History of the Remarkable Lives and Actions of Jonathan Wild, Thief-Taker, Joseph Blake alias Blueskin, Footpad, and John Sheppard, Housebreaker, 1725, p. 45.
[130] Defoe, True and Genuine Account, p. 245.
[131] J. Villette, The Annals of Newgate, 1776, Vol. 1-2, p. 278.
[132] Parker’s London News, 16 October 1724.
[133] G. E., Authentic Memoirs of the Life and Surprising Adventures of John Sheppard by Way of Familiar Letters from a Gentleman in Town, 1724, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, p. 185.
[134] London Journal, 7 November 1724.
[135] D. Defoe, A Narrative of all the Robberies etc., of Jack Sheppard, 1724, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, pp. 167-8.
[136] Parker’s London News, 30 October 1724.
[137] G. E., Authentic Memoirs, pp. 188-9.
[138] D. Defoe, The History of the Remarkable Life of Jack Sheppard, 1725, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, p. 149.
[139] Anon., The History of the Remarkable Lives and Actions of Jonathan Wild, Thief-Taker, Joseph Blake alias Blueskin, Footpad, and John Sheppard, Housebreaker, 1725, p. iii.
[140] Ibid.
[141] Defoe, Jack Sheppard, reprinted in Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, p. 149.
[142] Ibid., p. 150.
[143] Daily Journal, 12 November 1724.
[144] C. Hill, Liberty Against the Law, 1995, p. 124.
[145] Captain C. Johnson, Lives of the Highwaymen, 1734, p. 461.
[146] Anon., Remarkable Lives, p. iv.
[147] Lord Cowper quoted in J. M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England, 1986, p. 59.
[148] D. Hay essay in D. Hay, P. Linebaugh and E. P. Thompson (eds.), Albion’s Fatal Tree, 1975, p. 55.
[149] H. Fielding, Amelia, 1751 (Penguin Classics edition, 1987), pp. 15-16.
[150] Daily Journal, 2 July 1724.
[151] E. J. Burford, Wits, Wenchers and Wantons, 1992, p. 137.
[152] Fog’s Weekly Journal, 18 January 1729.
[153] C. J. Fox quoted in R. Porter, English Society in the Eighteenth Century, 1982, p. 22.
[154] E. P. Thompson, Whigs and Hunters, 1975. A detailed account of the events leading up to the Black Act.
[155] P. Rogers, Hacks and Dunces, 1975, p. 4.
[156] D. Jarrett, England in the Age of Hogarth, 1974, p. 19.
[157] P. Earle, The World of Defoe, 1976, p. 89.
[158] Ibid., p. 87.
[159] J. A. Sharpe, Crime and the Law in English Satirical Prints 1600-1832, 1986, p. 16.
[160] Ibid.
[161] Ibid., p. 25.
[162] Anon., The History of the Remarkable Lives and Actions of Jonathan Wild, Thief-Taker, Joseph Blake alias Blueskin, Footpad, and John Sheppard, Housebreaker, 1725, p. ii.
[163] O. Goldsmith quoted in C. Hill, Reformation to Industrial Revolution, 1969, p. 182.
[164] Hay, Linebaugh and Thompson, Albion’s Fatal Tree, p. 49.
[165] J. M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England, 1986, p. 451.
[166] Ibid., p. 465.
[167] M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish (trans. A. Sheridan, 1977), p. 48.
[168] Baron Muralt, Letters Describing the Characters and Customs of the English and French Nations, 1726, p. 42.
[169] C. Hibbert, Highwaymen, 1967, p. 95.
[170
] P. Linebaugh, The London Hanged, 1992, p. 87.
[171] Muralt, Characters and Customs, p. 42.
[172] B. de Mandeville, An Inquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, 1725, p. 34.
[173] M. Ignatieff, A Just Measure of Pain, 1978, p. 21.
[174] De Mandeville, Frequent Executions at Tyburn, p. 40.
[175] B. de Mably quoted in M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish, p. 16.
[176] Foucault, Discipline and Punish, p. 9.
[177] S. Emlyn, 1730, quoted in L. Radzinowicz, A History of English Criminal Law and its Administration from 1750, 1948, p. 266.
[178] D. Rumbelow, The Triple Tree, 1982, p. 82.
[179] J. Hall quoted by D. Rumbelow, The Triple Tree, p. 82.
[180] A. Griffiths, Chronicles of Newgate, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 438.
[181] Rumbelow, Triple Tree, p. 30.
[182] B. de Mandeville, An Inquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, 1725, p. 19.
[183] G. E., Authentic Memoirs of the Life and Surprising Adventures of John Sheppard by Way of Familiar Letters from a Gentleman in Town, 1724, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, p. 178.
[184] Parker’s London News, 4 September 1724.
[185] G. E., Authentic Memoirs, reprinted in Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, p. 180.
[186] Parker’s London News, 14 September 1724.
[187] P. Linebaugh, The London Hanged, 1992, p. 33.
[188] D. Defoe, A Narrative of all the Robberies etc., of Jack Sheppard, 1724, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, p. 164.
[189] Ibid., p. 165.
[190] D. Defoe, The History of the Remarkable Life of Jack Sheppard, 1725, reprinted in H. Bleackley, Jack Sheppard, 1933, p. 148.
[191] W. J. Sheehan essay in J. S. Cockburn (ed.), Crime in England, 1977, p. 236.
[192] J. Wesley, The Journal, 8 November 1838, reprinted 1938.
[193] F. J. Lyons, Jonathan Wild, Prince of Robbers, 1936, p. 185. All subsequent uncredited accounts of Sheppard’s execution come from here too.
[194] H. Misson, Memoirs and Observations of his Travels over England, 1719, p. 124.
[195] C. de Saussure, A Foreign View of England, 1725 (translated by Van Muyden, 1902), pp. 124-5.
[196] Mist’s Weekly Journal, 1 May 1725.
[197] Misson, Travels over England, p. 123.
[198] E. P. Thompson, ‘Eighteenth Century English Society: Class Struggle without Class?’, in Social History, III, 2, 1978, p. 157.
[199] London Journal, 21 November 1724.
[200] C. Hibbert, Highwaymen, 1967, p. 104.
[201] P. Linebaugh, The London Hanged, 1992, p. 7.
[202] P. E. Lewis (ed.), The Beggars’ Opera, 1973, p. 95.
[203] R. Paulson, Popular and Polite Art in the Age of Hogarth and Fielding, 1979, p. 17.
[204] R. Porter, English Society in the Eighteenth Century, 1982, p. 283.
[205] N. Ward, ‘The Quack’s Club’, 1709.
[206] Daily Post, 23 October 1725.
[207] Parker’s London News, 8 March 1725.
[208] J. Villette, Annals of Newgate, 1776, Vol. 1-2, p. 178.
[209] Select Trials at the Old Bailey, 1734, Vol. 2, pp. 211-19. Subsequent quotations from the trial also come from here.
[210] E. P. Thompson, Whigs and Hunters, 1975, p. 216.
[211] M. Blackett-Ord, Hell-Fire Duke, 1982, p. 98.
[212] D. Defoe, The True and Genuine Account of the Life and Actions of Jonathan Wild, 1725 (reprinted in Penguin Classics, 1986), p. 206.
[213] Select Trials at the Old Bailey, 1734, Vol. 2, p. 275.
[214] J. Villette, Annals of Newgate, 1776, Vol. 1-2, p. 342.
[215] Parker’s Penny Post, 26 May 1725.
[216] Weekly Journal, 29 May 1725.
[217] Select Trials at the Old Bailey, 1734, Vol. 2, p. 275.
[218] D. Defoe, The True and Genuine Account of the Life and Actions of Jonathan Wild, 1725 (reprinted in Penguin Classics, 1986), p. 257.
[219] Mist’s Weekly, Journal, 29 May 1725.
[220] Ibid.
[221] Captain A. Smith, Memoirs of the Life and Times of Jonathan Wild, 1726, p. 24.
[222] Weekly Journal, 29 May 1725.
[223] J. Villette, Annals of Newgate, 1776, Vol. 1-2, p. 276.
[224] P. Linebaugh essay in D. Hay, P. Linebaugh and E. P. Thompson (eds), Albion’s Fatal Tree, 1975, p. 112.
[225] H. Misson, Memoirs and Observations of his Travels over England, 1719, p. 124.
[226] A. Griffiths, Chronicles of Newgate, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 270.
[227] ‘Jonathan Wild’s Advice to His Successor’, Appendix III, F. J. Lyons, Jonathan Wild, Prince of Robbers, 1936, p. 289.
