29. Geraldine J. Clifford, “E. L. Thorndike: The Psychologist as a Professional Man of Science,” in Mary Henle, Julian Jaynes, and John J. Sullivan (eds.), Historical Conceptions of Psychology (New York: Springer Publishing Co., 1973), p. 242.
30. Mrs. Sallie S. Cotten, “A National Training School for Women,” in The Work and Words of the National Congress of Mothers (New York: D. Appleton, 1897), p. 280.
31. G. Stanley Hall, “Some Practical Results of Child Study,” in The Work and Words of the National Congress of Mothers, p. 165.
32. Arnold Gesell, M.D., “A Half Century of Science and the American Child,” in Child Study, November 1938, p. 36.
33. Wishy, op. cit., p. 119.
34. Dr. L. Emmett Holt, “Physical Care of Children,” in Proceedings of the Third Annual Convention of the National Congress of Mothers, Washington, D.C., February 1899, p. 233.
35. Winfield S. Hall, Ph.D., M.D., “The Nutrition of Children Under Seven Years,” in The Child in the City, papers presented at the conference held during the Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit, 1911, published by the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, 1912, pp. 81–82.
36. Mrs. Max West, “Infant Care,” in Robert H. Bremner (ed.), Children and Youth in America, A Documentary History, Volume II, 1866–1932 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 37.
37. Winfield S. Hall, op. cit., p. 85.
38. Ellen Richards, Euthenics: The Science of Controllable Environment (Boston: Whitcomb and Barrows, 1912), pp. 82–83.
39. Christine Fredericks, “The New Housekeeping: How It Helps the Woman Who Does Her Own Work,” Ladies’ Home Journal, October 1912, p. 20.
40. Mrs. Helen H. Gardener, “The Moral Responsibility of Women in Heredity,” in The Work and Words of the National Congress of Mothers, p. 143.
41. Heller, loc. cit.
42. Boring, op. cit., pp. 643–44.
43. John B. Watson, Psychological Care of Infant and Child (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1928), pp. 9–10.
44. Ibid., pp. 81–82.
45. Ibid., p. 82.
46. Ibid., pp. 5–6.
47. Ibid., p. 6.
48. Isabel F. Hyams, “The Louisa May Alcott Club,” Proceedings of the Second Annual Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics, 1900, p. 18.
49. Lillian D. Wald, The House on Henry Street (New York: Dover Publications, 1971), p. 111.
50. The Laura Spelman Memorial Final Report, New York, 1933, pp. 10–11.
51. See Ruml’s remarks in the transcript of the Conference of Psychologists called by the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, Hanover, New Hampshire, August 26–September 3,1925 (mimeo).
52. Orville Brim, Education for Child Raising (New York: Russell Sage, 1959), p. 328.
53. Robert S. Lynd and helen Merrill Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929), p. 149.
54. Dorothy Canfield Fisher, “Introduction,” in Sidonie Matsner Gruenberg (ed.), Our Children Today: A Guide to their Needs from Infancy Through Adolescence (New York: Viking, 1955), pp. xiii–xiv.
55. Quoted in Lynd and Lynd, op. cit., p. 146.
56. Ibid., p. 151.
Notes to Chapter Seven
1. Mary McCarthy, The Group (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1954), p. 178.
2. Our thanks to Mary Bolton for telling us this story.
3. Lawrence K. Frank, “Life-Values for the Machine-Age,” in Dorothy Canfield Fisher and Sidonie Matsner Gruenberg (eds.), Our Children: A Handbook for Parents (New York: Viking, 1932), p. 303.
4. Floyd Dell, Love in the Machine Age (New York: Octagon Books, 1973, first published, 1930), p. 107.
5. White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, Report of the Subcommittee on Preparental Education (New York: Century, 1932), p. 3.
6. Robert Lynd and Helen Merrill Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929), p. 152.
7. Martha Wolfenstein, “Fun Morality: An Analysis of Recent American Child-training Literature,” in Margaret Mead and Martha Wolfenstein (eds.), Childhood in Contemporary Cultures (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1955), p. 169.
8. Ibid., p. 170.
9. Lynd and Lynd, op. cit., p. 147.
10. McCarthy, op. cit., p. 342.
11. Arnold Gesell and Frances L. Ilg, Infant and Child in the Culture of Today (New York and London: Harper, 1943), p. 162.
12. Frances L. Ilg and Louise Bates Ames, Child Behavior (New York: Harper & Row, 1951), p. 64.
13. Ibid., p. 27.
14. Ibid., p. 37.
15. Ibid., p. 346.
16. Ibid., pp. 343–44.
17. Ibid., p. 82.
18. Gesell and Ilg, op. cit., p. 56.
19. Benjamin Spock, M.D., Problems of Parents (Greenwich, Connecticut: Crest/Fawcett Publications, 1962, first published 1955), p. 237.
20. Gesell and Ilg, op. cit., p. 273.
21. E. James Anthony and Therese Benedek, M.D., Parenthood: Its Psychology and Psychopathology (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), p. 179.
22. McCarthy, op. cit., p. 345.
23. Anthony and Benedek, op. cit., p. 173.
24. Dr. Theodore Lidz, quoted in Angela Barron McBride, The Growth and Development of Mothers (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), p. 5.
25. Marcel Heiman, M.D., “A Psychoanalytic View of Pregnancy,” in Joseph J. Rovinsky, M.D., and Alan F. Guttmacher, M.D. (eds.), Medical, Surgical and Gynecological Complications of Pregnancy (second edition) (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Co., 1965), pp. 480–81.
26. Spock, op. cit., p. 110.
27. D. W. Winnicott, M.D., Mother and Child: A Primer of First Relationships (New York: Basic Books, 1957), p. vii.
28. “Parents’ Questions,” Child Study, Spring 1952, pp. 37–38.
29. Jessie Bernard, The Future of Motherhood (New York: Penguin Books, 1974), p. 9.
30. René Spitz, The First Year of Life: A Psychoanalytic Study of Normal and Deviant Development of Object Relations (New York: International Universities Press, 1965), p. 206.
31. Anna Freud, “The Concept of the Rejecting Mother,” in Anthony and Benedek, op. cit., p. 377.
32. Adrienne Rich, Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (New York: W. W. Norton, 1976), p. 277.
33. John Bowlby, Maternal Care and Mental Health (New York: Schocken Books, 1966, first published 1951), p. 22.
34. Ibid., p. 73.
35. Ibid., p. 67.
36. Ibid., p. 157.
37. Mary D. Ainsworth et al., Deprivation of Maternal Care: A Reassessment of Its Effects (New York: Schocken Books, 1966), p. 206.
38. Dr. David Goodman, A Parents’ Guide to the Emotional Needs of Children (New York: Hawthorne Books, 1959), p. 25.
39. David M. Levy, M.D., Maternal Overprotection (New York: W. W. Norton, 1966, first published 1943), p. 213.
40. Ibid., p. 150.
41. Ibid., pp. 262–351.
42. Quoted in Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963), p. 191.
43. Margaret Mead, Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years (New York: Pocket Books, 1975), p. 275.
44. Joseph Rheingold, M.D., Ph.D., The Fear of Being a Woman: A Theory of Maternal Destructiveness (New York, London: Grune and Stratton, 1964), p. 143.
45. Dr. Edward Strecker, quoted in Friedan, op. cit., p. 191.
46. Friedan, op. cit., p. 189.
47. Ferdinand Lundberg and Marynia Farnham, “Some Aspects of Women’s Psyche,” in Elaine Showalter (ed.), Women’s Liberation and Literature (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), pp. 233–48.
48. Goodman, op. cit., pp. 51–52.
49. Philip Wylie, Generation of Vipers (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1955), p. 198.
50. Erik Erikson, Childhood and Society (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1950), p. 291.
51. William Whyte, The Organization Man (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956), pp. 3�
�4.
52. David Riesman, The Lonely Crowd (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961, first published 1950), p. 18.
53. Alan Harrington, “Life in the Crystal Palace,” in Eric Josephson and Mary Josephson (eds.), Man Alone: Alienation and Modern Society (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1962), pp. 136–37.
54. Paul Goodman, Growing Up Absurd (New York: Vintage Books, 1956), p. 13.
55. Lundberg and Farnham, op. cit., p. 244.
56. Levy, op. cit., p. 214.
57. Quoted in Peter Gabriel Filene, Him/Her Self: Sex Roles in Modern America (New York: Mentor/New American Library, 1974), p. 179.
58. Levy, op. cit., p. 121.
59. Dr. David Goodman, op. cit., p. 55.
60. Ibid., p. 33.
61. Ibid., p. 34.
62. Ibid., p. 64.
63. McCarthy, op. cit., p. 224.
64. Goodman, op. cit., p. 35.
65. Quoted in Diana Scully and Pauline Bart, “A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Orifice: Women in Gynecology Textbooks,” American Journal of Sociology 78, January 1973, p. 1045.
66. Henry B. Biller, Father, Child and Sex Role (Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath, 1971), p. 45.
67. Goodman, op. cit., p. 56.
68. Lundberg and Farnham, op. cit., p. 238.
69. Biller, op. cit., p. 24.
70. Biller, loc. cit.
71. Jules Henry, Culture Against Man (New York: Vintage Books, 1963), p. 140.
72. Biller, op. cit., p. 107.
73. Benjamin Spock, M.D., Baby and Child Care (New York: Cardinal/Pocket Books, 1957), p. 315.
74. Spock, Problems of Parents, p. 192.
75. T. Colley, quoted in Biller, op. cit., p. 97.
76. Spock, Problems of Parents, p. 194.
77. Ibid., pp. 187–89.
78. J. Edgar Hoover, Masters of Deceit: The Story of Communism in America and How to Fight It (New York: Cardinal/Pocket Books, 1958), p. vi.
79. Eugene Kinkead, Every War But One (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1959), p. 18.
80. Harrison Salisbury, The Shook-Up Generation (Greenwich, Connecticut: Fawcett Publications, 1958), p. 8.
81. Spock, Problems of Parents, p. 235.
82. Spock, op. cit., p. 244.
83. Ethel Kawin, Parenthood in a Free Nation. Vol. I: Basic Concepts for Parents (New York: Macmillan, 1967, first published 1954), p. v.
84. Barbara Ward, “A Crusading Faith to Counter Communism,” The New York Times Magazine, July 16, 1950.
85. Hoover, op. cit., pp. 313–14.
86. Spock, Problems of Parents, pp. 245–46.
87. Kawin, op. cit., p. 104.
88. Ibid., p. 105.
89. Willis Rudy, Schools in an Age of Mass Culture (Englewood, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965), p. 175.
90. Quoted in Rudy, loc. cit.
91. Quoted in Eda Le Shan, The Conspiracy Against Childhood (New York: Atheneum, 1967), p. 104.
92. Ibid., p. 105.
93. Albert D. Biderman, March to Calumny (New York: Macmillan, 1963), pp. 2–3.
94. Rudy, op. cit., p. 131.
95. Lewis Feuer, quoted in The New York Times, February 14, 1969, p. 24.
96. The New York Times, September 29, 1968, p. 74.
97. The New York Times, October 13, 1968, p. 79.
98. The New York Times, November 8, 1968, p. 54.
99. The New York Times, May 28, 1968, p. 46.
100. The New York Times, November 8, 1968, p. 54.
101. Fred Brown, quoted in the The New York Times, May 12, 1968, p. 52.
102. U. S. Education Commissioner Harold Howe, 2nd, in The New York Times, May 24, 1968, p. 51.
103. Samuel Kausner, quoted in The New York Times, July 29, 1969, p. 40.
104. The New York Times, March 21, 1969, p. 3.
105. Bruno Bettelheim, “Children Must Learn to Fear,” The New York Times Magazine, April 13, 1969, p. 125.
106. Berthold Schwarz, M.D., and Bartholomew Ruggieri, You CAN Raise Decent Children (New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House, 1971).
Notes to Chapter Eight
1. Helene Deutsch, The Psychology of Women. Vol. II, Motherhood (New York: Bantam Books, 1973), p. 321.
2. Deutsch, loc. cit.
3. Ibid., pp. 308–48.
4. Helen Dudar, “Female—and Freudian,” the New York Post, July 14, 1973.
5. Marie Bonaparte, “Passivity, Masochism and Femininity,” in Jean Strouse (ed.), Women and Analysis (New York: Laurel Editions, 1973), p. 286.
6. Ferdinand Lundberg and Marynia Farnham, “Some Aspects of Woman’s Psyche,” in Elaine Showalter (ed.), Women’s Liberation and Literature (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 245.
7. Bonaparte, op. cit., p. 284.
8. Marie Bonaparte, Female Sexuality (New York: International Universities Press, 1973), p. 48.
9. Helene Deutsch, “The Psychology of Women in Relation to the Functions of Reproduction,” in Jean Strouse (ed.), Women and Analysis (New York: Laurel Editions, 1975), p. 180.
10. Hendrik M. Ruitenbeek, M.D., Psychoanalysis and Female Sexuality (New Haven: College and University Press, 1966), p. 11.
11. Ibid., p. 17.
12. Ibid., p. 14.
13. Howard J. Osofsky, M.D., “Women’s Reactions to Pelvic Examinations,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, 30 (1967), p. 146.
14. Osofsky, loc. cit.
15. Therese Benedek, M.D., “Infertility as a Psychosomatic Disease,” Fertility and Sterility, 3 (1952), p. 527.
16. Somers H. Sturgis and Doris Menzer-Benaron, The Gynecological Patient: A Psycho-Endocrine Study (New York: Grune and Stratton, 1962), p. xiv.
17. See Osofsky, op. cit., and Sturgis and Menzer-Benaron, op. cit.
18. Dr. David Goodman, A Parents’ Guide to the Emotional Needs of Children (New York: Hawthorne Books, 1959), p. 51.
19. Stuart S. Asch, M.D., “Psychiatric Complications: Mental and Emotional Problems,” in Joseph J. Rovinsky and Alan F. Guttmacher (eds.), Medical, Surgical and Gynecological Complications of Pregnancy, 2nd edition (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1965), pp. 461–62.
20. Marcel Heiman, M.D., “Psychiatric Complications: A Psychoanalytic View of Pregnancy,” in Rovinsky and Guttmacher, op. cit., p. 476.
21. Heiman, op. cit., p. 481.
22. Asch, op. cit., pp. 463–64.
23. Louise H. Warwick, R.N., M.S., “Femininity, Sexuality and Mothering,” Nursing Forum 8 (1969), p. 216.
24. Sturgis and Menzer-Benaron, op. cit., p. 237.
25. Ibid., p. 238.
26. Robert Stein (ed.), Why Young Mothers Feel Trapped (New York: Trident Press, 1965).
27. Jean Kerr, Please Don’t Eat the Daisies (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1957), p. 21.
28. Carol Bartholomew, Most of Us Are Mainly Mothers (New York: Macmillan, 1966), p. 203.
29. Gabrielle Burton, I’m Running Away from Home, But I’m Not Allowed to Cross the Street (New York: Avon Books, 1972), pp. 22–25.
30. Quoted in Shirley Radl, Mother’s Day Is Over (New York: Charterhouse, 1973), p. 86.
31. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963), p. 22.
32. John Keats, The Crack in the Picture Window (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956).
33. “Shaping the ’60‧s … Foreshadowing the ’70’s,” Ladies’ Home Journal, January 1962, p. 30.
34. “The Ladies … Bless Their Little Incomes,” Sales Management, July 16, 1965, p. 46.
35. Helen Gurley Brown, Sex and the Single Girl (New York: Giant Cardinal Edition, Pocket Books, 1963), pp. 7–8.
36. Brown, op. cit., p. 4.
37. Brown, op. cit., p. 3.
38. The New York Times, January 19, 1977.
39. The New York Times, October 24, 1975.
40. The New York Times Magazine, June 5, 1977, p. 85.
41. Quoted in Walter McQuade, “Why People Don’t Buy Houses,” Fortune, December 1967, p. 153.
42. U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1975 (96th edition), Washington, D.C., 1975, p. 67.
43. “One Divorce—Two Houses,” The New York Times, January 16, 1977.
44. Quoted in Ellen Peck and Judith Senderowitz, Pronatalism: The Myth of Mom and Apple Pie (New York: Crowell, 1974), p. 270.
45. Quoted in Peck and Senderowitz, op. cit., p. 266.
46. Nancy and Chip McGrath, “Why Have a Baby?” The New York Times Magazine, May 25, 1975, p. 10.
47. Quoted in Linda Wolfe, “The Coming Baby Boom,” The New York Times Magazine, January 1, 1977, p. 38.
48. Dr. Robert Gould, quoted in Judy Klemesrud, “The State of Being Childless, They Say, Is No Cause for Guilt,” The New York Times, February 3, 1975, p. 28.
49. Jean Baer, How to Be an Assertive (Not Aggressive) Woman, (New York: New American Library, 1976).
50. Dr. Joyce Brothers, The Brothers’ System for Liberated Love and Marriage (New York: Avon Books, 1972), p. 190.
51. Emily Coleman, How to Make Friends with the Opposite Sex (Los Angeles: Nash, 1972), p. xii.
52. William C. Schutz, Joy: Expanding Human Awareness (New York: Grove Press, 1967), p. 15.
53. Ibid., p. 10.
54. Ibid., p. 12.
55. Joel Kovel, M.D., A Complete Guide to Therapy: From Psychoanalysis to Behavior Modification (New York: Pantheon Books, 1976), p. 166.
56. Schutz, op. cit., p. 223.
57. Thomas A. Harris, M.D., I’m O.K.—You’re O.K. (New York: Avon Books, 1967), p. 14.
58. Jean Baer, op. cit., p. 12.
59. Dr. Jerry Greenwald, Be the Person You Were Meant to Be (New York: Dell, 1973), p. 19.
60. Howard M. Newberger, Ph.D. and Marjorie Lee, Winners and Losers: The Art of Self-Image Modification (New York: David McKay, 1974), p. 25.
61. Greenwald, op. cit., p. 26.
62. Fritz Perls, M.D., Ph.D. and John O. Stevens, Gestalt Therapy Verbatim (Lafayette, California: Real People Press, 1969), p. 4.
63. Robert J. Ringer, Winning Through Intimidation (Los Angeles: Los Angeles Book Publishers, 1974), p. 96.
64. Baer, op. cit., p. 208.
65. Newberger and Lee, op. cit., p. 192.
66. Ibid., p. xiv.
67. Greenwald, op. cit., p. 10.
68. Mildred Newman and Bernard Berkowitz with Jean Owen, How to Be Your Own Best Friend (New York: Ballantine Books, 1971), p. 74.
For Her Own Good: Two Centuries of the Experts Advice to Women Page 41
