36 R A Stuart 357/85.
37 R A Stuart 358/28.
38 R A Stuart 357/152.
39 R A Stuart 357/135.
40 R A Stuart 358/87.
41 R A Stuart 357/134.
42 R A Stuart 357/162.
43 Some idea of the unconscious forces inherent in such a father–son exchange can be formed from a reading of Alan Valentine, ed., Fathers to Sons. Advice without Consent (Oklahoma, 1963).
44 R A Stuart 352/77.
45 R A Stuart 352/183.
46 R A Stuart 355/102.
47 R A Stuart 355/102. This request was repeated on 21 July 1755 (R A Stuart 357/75) and on 18 August 1755 (R A Stuart 357/144).
48 R A Stuart 358/135.
49 R A Stuart 359/41.
50 R A Stuart 360/110.
51 R A Stuart 359/141.
52 R A Stuart 360/184.
53 R A Stuart 360/6.
54 R A Stuart 360/87.
55 R A Stuart 361/111.
56 R A Stuart 362/33.
57 R A Stuart 363/38.
58 R A Stuart 359/57–8.
59 R A Stuart 360/91.
60 R A Stuart 358/129.
61 R A Stuart 363/75,165.
62 R A Stuart 363/93.
63 R A Stuart 364/17.
64 R A Stuart 363/89,112.
65 R A Stuart 363/85–7.
66 R A Stuart 364/128.
67 R A Stuart 365/55.
68 R A Stuart 365/91.
69 R A Stuart 364/157.
70 R A Stuart 365/91.
71 R A Stuart 366/101.
72 R A Stuart 366/155.
73 R A Stuart 366/154.
74 R A Stuart 366/163.
75 R A Stuart 367/84.
76 R A Stuart 368/175.
77 R A Stuart 372/63.
78 The prince noted in his own hand in contemptuous amusement the rumour that Clementina hated him so much that he had to chain her to the bed every night to prevent her running away (R A Stuart 363/139).
79 R A Stuart 364/117.
80 R A Stuart 364/113.
81 R A Stuart 364/116.
82 R A Stuart 370/66,158; 371/91; 374/23.
83 R A Stuart 364/67; 365/91,98.
84 R A Stuart 372/2–3.
85 R A Stuart 371/69.
86 R A Stuart 374/85.
87 Even so, what follows is a severe compression of the material, with many purple passages ignored or excluded.
88 R A Stuart 364/56.
89 R A Stuart 364/72.
90 R A Stuart 364/116.
91 R A Stuart 366/8.
92 R A Stuart 366/126.
93 R A Stuart 366/135.
94 R A Stuart 366/140.
95 R A Stuart 366/141.
96 R A Stuart 366/131.
97 R A Stuart 367/30.
98 R A Stuart 366/160; 367/34.
99 R A Stuart 368/109.
100 R A Stuart 370/15.
101 R A Stuart 370/158.
102 R A Stuart 371/126.
103 R A Stuart 372/1.
104 R A Stuart 373/61.
105 R A Stuart 373/128.
106 R A Stuart 374/7.
107 R A Stuart 374/91.
108 R A Stuart 374/43.
109 R A Stuart 374/151.
110 R A Stuart 376/78.
111 R A Stuart 377/20.
112 R A Stuart 379/124.
113 R A Stuart 380/136.
114 R A Stuart 381/84.
115 R A Stuart 383/61,107,141.
CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE
1 R A Stuart 379/125–6; 381/84.
2 R A Stuart 386/61.
3 R A Stuart 383/74; 384/64.
4 R A Stuart 386/2.
5 R A Stuart 384/77.
6 R A Stuart 384/126.
7 R A Stuart 382/50; 383/61.
8 R A Stuart 386/31.
9 R A Stuart 386/56.
10 R A Stuart 386/112.
11 R A Stuart 387/19.
12 R A Stuart 387/137.
13 Claude Nordmann, ‘Choiseul and the last Jacobite attempt of 1759’, in Eveline Cruickshanks, ed., Ideology and Conspiracy (Edinburgh, 1982), pp.201–17.
14 R A Stuart 389/118; 390/69.
15 R A Stuart 390/60.
16 Charles Edward to Belle-Isle, 30 January 1759, R A Stuart 390/69.
17 R A Stuart 390/114.
18 R A Stuart 390/135,138. The meeting is also described in L. Dutens, Mémoires d’un voyageur, op. cit., ii, pp.124–5. Cf. also Sir N. W. Wraxall, Historical Memoirs of my own Time (London, 1818), pp.308–10. Wraxall erroneously places the meeting in 1770.
19 For the French desire to see Charles Edward land in Ireland see A E M D Angleterre 54 ff.93–4.
20 R A Stuart 390/132; 392/67; 394/108.
21 R A Stuart 390/161.
22 R A Stuart 390/172; 391/13.
23 A E C P Angleterre 442 ff.136–8.
24 Ibid.
25 R A Stuart 393/36.
26 R A Stuart 390/151.
27 A E C P Angleterre 442 ff.174–80.
28 Nordmann, loc. cit., p.209.
29 R A Stuart 391/69.
30 R A Stuart 391/49.
31 R A Stuart 391/37.
32 R A Stuart 392/75,90,102.
33 R A Stuart 391/36.
34 R A Stuart 392/81.
35 R A Stuart 393/4.
36 R A Stuart 392/33.
37 See above p.199.
38 R A Stuart 395/168.
39 A S V, Francia, 513, f.41.
40 R A Stuart 393/157.
41 R A Stuart 493/59.
42 R A Stuart 393/168,174.
43 R A Stuart 393/166; 397/98.
44 R A Stuart 393/58.
45 R A Stuart 391/7.
46 R A Stuart 393/120.
47 R A Stuart 393/121.
48 R A Stuart 398/31.
49 R A Stuart 399/99.
50 R A Stuart 399/122.
CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO
1 R A Stuart 405/187.
2 R A Stuart 398/98.
3 R A Stuart 399/114; 401/18,86–7; 402/54,69,89,117.
4 R A Stuart 402/9.
5 R A Stuart 414/88.
6 R A Stuart 403/43. Cf. also Walpole Correspondence, 26, pp.46–7.
7 A E M D Angleterre 81 f.96.
8 Mackenzie, Prince Charlie’s Ladies, op. cit., pp.213–14.
9 R A Stuart 404/172.
10 Add MSS 39,923 f.148.
11 R A Stuart 402/144.
12 R A Stuart 402/142.
13 R A Stuart 402/143.
14 R A Stuart 402/150.
15 R A Stuart 402/155.
16 Ibid.
17 R A Stuart 402/161,169.
18 R A Stuart 402/153.
19 R A Stuart 402/165,178.
20 R A Stuart 402/167.
21 R A Stuart 402/162,170,171.
22 R A Stuart 402/175,191,192,204,208.
23 R A Stuart 402/179,204,216; 403/74,96.
24 R A Stuart 402/216.
25 R A Stuart 402/184–8.
26 R A Stuart 402/206.
27 R A Stuart 403/25,139.
28 R A Stuart 403/3.
29 R A Stuart 404/17.
30 A E C P Angleterre 442 ff.405–7.
31 R A Stuart 403/43.
32 R A Stuart 403/5.
33 R A Stuart 404/17,94.
34 R A Stuart 402/204; 403/8.
35 R A Stuart Box 1/510.
36 R A Stuart 403/8.
37 R A Stuart 404/179; 403/8.
38 R A Stuart 404/173.
39 R A Stuart 402/198.
40 R A Stuart 403/35,52,157.
41 R A Stuart 402/151,181; Box 1/507,
42 R A Stuart 403/59.
43 R A Stuart 403/68.
44 R A Stuart 403/119.
45 R A Stuart 404/173.
46 R A Stuart 409/215.
47 R A Stuart 413/166.
48 H M C, 11, vii, p.44.
49 S P France 251 ff.78, 178.
50 S P France
258 f.263.
51 Correspondance de Voltaire, op. cit., 51, p.237.
52 Ibid., 49, pp.179–80.
53 R A Stuart 403/82. Sholto Douglas, brother of Sir John Douglas, visited the prince as representative of the English Jacobite party in September 1760 (R A Stuart 403/83,89,98).
54 Tayler, Stuart Papers, op. cit., pp.249–50. This is a bad misreading of a document (original at R A Stuart 398/159). The address at the top of the letter is clearly that of the addressee.
55 Other sources for the George III coronation story are Scots Magazine, 1788, pp.209–11; St. James’s Chronicle, 1–3 May 1788; Hume’s Letters, op. cit., ii, p.484; Walpole Correspondence, 11, p,296.
56 Even the jittery duo, Horace Walpole and Horace Mann, accepted the truth of this. Cf. Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.90.
57 London Chronicle, 11–13 November 1762.
58 R A Stuart 406/118.
59 R A Stuart 411/24.
60 R A Stuart 413/58.
61 S P Tuscany 68 ff.93,98.
62 Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.90.
63 S P France 254 ff.12–13.
64 S P 105/315 ff.312–14; Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.255.
65 R A Stuart 409/52.
66 R A Stuart 409/159.
67 R A Stuart 414/88,168. This ploy was sometimes combined, illogically, with the argument that the prince was not safe at Bouillon (R A Stuart 414/102).
68 R A Stuart 412/14; 414/2. After being initially refused all access to the prince, Caryll had an interview with Thibault at Bouillon in March 1762 (R A Stuart Box 1/521–7).
69 R A Stuart 413/111.
70 R A Stuart 4111/111.
71 La Tremouille, Une Famille royaliste, op. cit., p.71.
72 For Lady Webb and her correspondence with the prince see R A Stuart 412/180,187; 413/6.
73 R A Stuart 412/179.
74 R A Stuart 413/8,26.
75 R A Stuart 417/9.
76 R A Stuart 415/90.
77 Lady Webb’s comments are interesting in this respect: ‘I have knowledge enough to know that your preservation is a miracle of divine providence. You think you have, and it is true, a very good constitution, but you don’t eat enough to support it. The quantity of wine you drink continally heats your blood to such a degree that the least inflammation would carry you off in a few hours. I observed once that the blood worked up and surrounded your neck; which frightened me to such a degree lest it should seize your head that I was ready to scream out in your presence’ (R A Stuart 427/82).
78 R A Stuart 430/106.
79 Boswell, Life of Johnson, op. cit., v, p.196. Of course the reason is clear. As we have stressed before, because of the vast reservoir of unconscious guilt, the prince’s mind could not allow him to absorb the conscious guilt for the post-Culloden sufferings.
80 Walpole Correspondence, 7, pp.274–5.
81 R A Stuart 420/47.
82 Ibid.
83 R A Stuart 422/60; 425/101; 428/135–6,199; 429/13.
84 R A Stuart 429/14.
85 R A Stuart 420/213.
86 R A Stuart 421/1.
87 R A Stuart Box 1/535.
88 R A Stuart 421/61.
89 R A Stuart 421/37.
90 R A Stuart 421/3.
91 R A Stuart 420/213A.
CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE
1 R A Stuart 429/47.
2 R A Stuart 427/118; 428/59.
3 R A Stuart 424/71.
4 R A Stuart 425/86.
5 R A Stuart 425/117.
6 R A Stuart 426/38.
7 R A Stuart 426/63,109.
8 R A Stuart 426/110.
9 R A Stuart 427/64; 429/7.
10 R A Stuart 429/32.
11 R A Stuart 429/99.
12 R A Stuart 429/132.
13 R A Stuart 429/162.
14 R A Stuart 429/179.
15 Matthias Buschkuhl, Great Britain and the Holy See 1746–1870 (Dublin, 1982), pp.17–18.
16 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.73; A S V Principi 254 f.8.
17 A S V Principi 233 ff.343–8,353,358.
18 A S V Principi 233 ff.367–70.
19 A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.68–9; A S V Principi 233 f.258.
20 Benedict to Tencin, 11 November 1750, Morelli, ii, p.329.
21 Same to same, 23 December 1750, 3 February 1751, Morelli, ii, pp.341,354.
22 Benedict to Tencin, 26 July 1752, Morelli, p.495.
23 Benedict to Tencin, 6 November 1754, Heeckeren, Benoit-Tencin, op. cit., ii, p.370.
24 Same to same, 18 July 1753, Heeckeren, ii, p.279.
25 Same to same, 19 November 1755, Heeckeren, ii, p.455.
26 R A Stuart 381/119,153.
27 R A Stuart 382/50.
28 R A Stuart 383/107; 385/119.
29 R A Stuart 385/137.
30 R A Stuart 402/62.
31 R A Stuart 415/153.
32 R A Stuart 415/157.
33 R A Stuart 416/92.
34 R A Stuart 418/85.
35 R A Stuart 429/22.
36 R A Stuart 429/89.
37 A S V Instrumenta Miscellanea 7596 f.1; Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.151; Add. MSS 34,638 f.293.
38 A S V Instrumenta Miscellanea 7596 f.1; Add. MSS 34,638 f.296.
39 R A Stuart 429/162.
40 S P Tuscany 70 f.188.
41 A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.179–80; Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.151.
42 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.180; Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.153.
43 S P Tuscany 71 ff.63–4.
44 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 ff.156–7.
45 Ibid. f.155; A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.180–1.
46 R A Stuart 430/42.
47 R A Stuart 429/143,145,160.
48 R A Stuart 430/80.
49 R A Stuart 431/104–5,118.
50 R A Stuart 431/42.
51 R A Stuart 431/114.
52 R A Stuart 430/170,178; 431/7.
53 R A Stuart 431/24–5.
54 R A Stuart 431/82.
55 Memoirs of Lumisden and Strange, op. cit., ii, pp.77–9.
56 R A Stuart 432/18.
57 A S V Instrumenta Miscellanea 7596 ff.2–10; A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.161–77.
58 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 ff.194–5.
59 Memoirs of Lumisden and Strange, ii, pp.82–3.
60 Henri-Joseph Bouchard d’Esparber de Lussan, marquis d’Aubeterre (1714–88), had been French ambassador in Spain from 1757 to 1763. From 1763 to 1769 he served in the same capacity in Rome (Du Deffand, op. cit., ii, p.244).
61 Memoirs of Lumisden and Strange, ii, p.84.
62 S P Tuscany 71 ff.63–4.
63 A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.182–5.
64 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.159.
65 Memoirs of Lumisden and Strange, ii, pp.80–1.
66 For Alessandro Albani’s spying activities at this time see S P Tuscany 71 f.18; S P 105/317 f.29.
67 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.161.
68 S P Tuscany 71 ff.33–45.
69 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.102.
70 A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.194–200.
71 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.162.
72 A S V Inghilterra 21 ff.76–7.
73 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.171.
74 Ibid., f.172.
75 A S V Inghilterra 21 ff.76–91.
76 Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.386. This was in fact one of the options being considered by Mann at the time.
77 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.99.
78 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 ff.174–6.
79 Ibid., ff.176–7.
80 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.101.
81 Ibid.
82 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.173.
83 Ibid., ff.163–4.
84 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.99.
85 Mann had earlier raised this exact point (Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.384).
86 The duke of Richmond was already trying to discredit Aubeterre with the duc de Praslin (H M C, Bathurst, pp.691–2).
87 H M
C, III, p.130.
88 Biblioteca Angelica MS 2293 f.161.
89 A S V, Instrumenta Miscellanea 7596 f.10. Cf. also Instrumenta Miscellanea 6680.
90 R A Stuart 431/82.
91 Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, ii, p.87.
92 R A Stuart 433/27.
93 Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, ii, pp.88–90.
94 S P 105/317 f.44.
95 Ibid., f.48.
96 R A Stuart 433/123.
97 Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, ii, pp.74–6.
98 R A Stuart 433/158.
99 Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, ii, p.86.
100 R A Stuart 433/28,117,119.
101 Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.399.
102 Doran, Mann and Manners, op. cit., ii, pp. 164–5.
103 For details of the abortive Serrant mission see La Tremoille, Une Famille royaliste, op. cit., pp.72–6. Cf. also R A Stuart 433/195,198; 434/12,42,84,116,
104 Walpole attributed this to the spectre of 1759: ‘The Pope dare not acknowledge the Pretender while Mr Pitt lives’ (Walpole Correspondence, 30, p.216).
105 Mann and Manners, op. cit., ii, p.162.
106 Mahon, Last Stuarts, op. cit., p.26.
107 S P 105/317 ff.59,61.
108 Walpole Correspondence, 22, pp.392–3; Mann and Manners, ii, p.163.
109 For Orsini see Friedrich Hausman, ed., Repertorium der Diplomatischen Vertreter aller Lander (Zurich, 1950), ii, p.239.
110 S P 105/317 f.57.
111 R A Stuart 434/197; Mahon, Last Stuarts, p.31.
112 Walpole Correspondence, 22, pp.392–3.
113 Mahon, Last Stuarts, p.31.
114 Walpole Correspondence, 22, p.408.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR
1 James’s will, signed on 21 November 1760, is at A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.109–12. The king later tried to simplify some of the provisions of his will in a codicil dated 26 May 1762 (A S V Inghilterra 25 ff.28–9).
2 A S V Inghilterra 25 f.110.
3 The Sempills knew the right cards to play. After condoling with the prince on the death of James, the new Lord Sempill (Francis, the prince’s bête noire, had died in 1748) claimed that his family had suffered financial hardship because of the enmity of the Lismores (O’Briens) and Tencin – just the right mixture to evoke a sympathetic response from the prince had he really possessed a fortune (A E M D Angleterre 93 ff.153,163–4).
4 For Mann’s exaggerated estimate of the prince’s wealth see Walpole Correspondence, 22, pp.385,387. But Lumisden estimated that when debts and annuities were paid, Charles Edward’s yearly income was no more than three thousand English guineas (Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, ii, p.104).
5 R A Stuart 433/130.
6 Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, ii, p.102.
7 Ibid., pp.103–4.
8 Ibid., p.93.
9 Mahon, Last Stuarts, op. cit., p.33.
Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) Page 85
