76 For details see A E M D Angleterre 81 ff.238–48.
77 Archives du Nord, 18H 67.
78 Manning Clark, Short History of Australia (Sydney, 1963), p.25.
CONCLUSION
1 ‘The ’45 was the greatest crisis that affected the eighteenth-century British state’ Jeremy Black, Britain in the Age of Walpole (1984), p.20. See also the remarks in J. C. D. Clark, Revolution and Rebellion. State and Society in England in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Cambridge, 1986) p.153: ‘Was the ’45 a last despairing, romantic hopeless gamble? Or was it the mishandled (but still extremely dangerous) culmination of widespread resentment against Hanoverian rule?’ The author leaves us in no doubt of his preference for the latter interpretation.
2 Clark, Revolution and Rebellion, op. cit., pp.41–2.
3 My view is strongly at variance with that of the latest scholar to write on the military dimension. See James Michael Hill, Celtic Warfare (Edinburgh, 1986).
4 Since Bruce Lenman in his Jacobite Clans of the Great Glen, op. cit. argues for the ‘evolutionary’ theory of the Scottish clans, disrupted only by the advent of Charles Edward in 1745 (see especially p.149), it is startling to find this assessment of the prince in his earlier book: ‘lacked military ability’, ‘obstinate, insensitve egotism’, ‘the temper of a despot’ (Lenman, Jacobite Risings in Britain, op. cit., pp.240,287,288 respectively). It is possible, just, to maintain that Charles Edward was a blockhead who got a lucky break and tapped by pure chance into the latent contradictions of Scottish society. But if the clan system was not inevitably doomed to demise, then Charles Edward’s destruction of it must rank as a truly Nietzschean achievement, ahead even of anything Napoleon was able to bring about.
Abbreviations
Add. MSS
Additional Manuscripts, British Library
AD, Nancy
Archives Departmentales de Meurthe et Moselle
AECP
Archives Etrangères, Correspondance Politique, French Foreign Ministry Archives, Quai d’Orsay
AEMD
Archives Etrangères, Mémoires et Documents, French Foreign Ministry Archives, Quai d’Orsay
AGN, Simancas
Archivo General de la Nación (Estado), Simancas
AN
Archives Nationales, Paris
ASV
Archivio Segreto Vaticano (Vatican Archives)
Browne
James Browne, A History of the Highlands and of the Highland Clans, 4 vols (Glasgow, 1832–3)
CP
Cumberland Papers, ed. H. R. Duff (1815)
FO
Foreign Office Reports. Public Record Office
Guerre
Archives du Ministère de la Défense Nationale, Château de Vincennes
HMC
Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission
LM
The Lyon in Mourning, ed. Henry Patton, 3 vols (Edinburgh, Scottish Historical Society, 1895)
LP
Lockhart Papers, ed. A. Aufrere, 2 vols (1817)
Mahon
History of England from the Peace of Utrecht, 7 vols (1858)
Marine
Archives du Ministère de la Marine, Archives Nationales
Marville-Maurepas
Feydeau de Marville, Lettres au ministre Maurepas, ed. A. de Boislisle, 3 vols (Paris, 1896)
MP
Maurepas Papers, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
MCP
More Culloden Papers, ed. Duncan Warrand, 5 vols (Inverness, 1923–30)
Morelli
Emilie Morelli, Le lettere di Benedetto XIV a Tencin, 2 vols (Rome, 1955)
RA
Royal Archives, Windsor Castle
SE
Sigmund Freud, Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, ed. James Strach (1953)
SP
State Papers, Public Record Office
Vat. Lib.
Vatican Library
WO
War Office Papers, Public Record Office
Bibliography
1 MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
England
Royal Archives, Windsor Castle
Stuart Papers
Cumberland Papers
Public Record Office
Foreign Office Reports, Series 79
War Office Papers, Series 71
State Papers: Domestic, Scotland, France, Switzerland, Russia, Venice, Tuscany,
Italian States, Archives of various embassies
British Library, MSS Dept.
Additional MSS (various)
Stowe MSS
Egerton MSS
Senate House Library, University of London
Denys Bower MSS (microfilms)
University of Nottingham Library
Pelham MSS
Douai, Berkshire
Archives of Douai Abbey
France
Archives Nationales
Series K,B2,B3,B4 (Marine)
Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal
Vincennes, Archives de la Guerre, Series A1
Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Quai d’Orsay
Archives Etrangères, Correspondance Politique: Angleterre, Rome, Espagne
Archives Etrangères, Mémoires et Documents, Angleterre
Lille, Archives du Nord
Nancy, Archives Departmentales de Meurthe-et-Moselle
Rome
Archivio di Stato
Carte Famiglie, Stuart
Biblioteca Angelica
Vatican City
Vatican Library
Borgia MSS (Latin)
Archivio Segreto Vaticano
Lettere di Principi
Instrumenta Miscellanea
Nuncios’ reports: Avignone, Francia, Inghilterra
Spain
Archivo General de Simancas (Estado)
USA
Cornell University
Maurepas MSS
2 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS
CALEDONIAN MERCURY
DAILY ADVERTISER
GENTLEMAN’S MAGAZINE
LONDON CHRONICLE
LONDON GAZETTE
REVUE DES DEUX MONDES
ST JAMES’S CHRONICLE
ST JAMES’S EVENING POST
SCOTS MAGAZINE
3 PUBLISHED PRIMARY SOURCES (COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS, MEMOIRS, CORRESPONDENCE, ETC)
ALBEMARLE PAPERS, ed. C. S. Terry (Aberdeen, 1902).
ALFIERI, VITTORIO, Vita … scritta da esso, ed. V. Branca (Milan, 1983).
ALLARDYCE PAPERS, 2 vols (New Spalding Club, Aberdeen, 1895–6).
ARGENSON, PIERRE, COMTE D’, Correspondance du comte d’Argenson, ed. Maurice d’Argenson (Paris, 1922).
ARGENSON, PIERRE, COMTE D’, Correspondance du comte d’Argenson. Lettres des Maréchaux de France (Paris, 1924).
ARGENSON, RENÉ, MARQUIS D’, Journal et mémoires, 9 vols, ed. E. J. B. Rathery (Paris, 1859–67).
ATHOLL FAMILY, Jacobite Correspondence of (Edinburgh, Abbotsford Club, 1840).
ATHOLL, 7TH DUKE OF, Chronicles of the Families of Atholl and Tullibardine, 5 vols (1908).
BARBIER, E. J. F., Journal historique et anecdotique du régne de Louis XV (Paris, 1847).
BERNIS, FRANÇOIS JOACHIM,CARDINAL, Mémoires et lettres, ed. F. Masson (Paris, 1878).
BLAIKIE, W. B., Origins of the Forty-Five (Edinburgh, 1916).
BONSTETTEN, CHARLES VICTOR, Souvenirs (Paris, 1832).
BOSWELL, JAMES, Life of Samuel Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill (revised by C. F. Powell), 6 vols (Oxford, 1934).
BRADSTREET, D., The Adventures of Captain Dudley Bradstreet (1755).
BROSSES, CHARLES DE, Lettres familières écrites d’Italie, 2 vols (Dijon, 1927).
BUCHAN, WILLIAM, Domestic Medicine (Philadelphia, 1809).
BURKE, EDMUND, Correspondence, 10 vols, ed. Thomas W. Copeland (Cambridge and Chicago, 1978).
BURT, EDWARD, Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland (1818).
&
nbsp; CARLYLE, A, The Autobiography of Dr. Alexander Carlyle (London and Edinburgh, 1910).
CHAMBERS, R., ed., Jacobite Memoirs of the Rising of 1745 (1834) (containing Lord George Murray’s ‘Marches of the Highland Army’).
CHARVET, G., Une correspondance inédite de la Comtesse d’Albanie (Nîmes, 1878).
CHATEAUROUX, MADAME DE, Correspondance avec le duc de Richelieu (Paris, 1806).
CHESTERFIELD, PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, Private Correspondence of Chesterfield and Newcastle (Royal Historical Society, Camden Series, xliv, 1930).
CHEVERNEY, COMTE DUFORT DE, Mémoires sur les régnes de Louis XV et Louis XVI, 2 vols (Paris, 1909).
CHOISEUL, DUC DE, Mémoires, 1719–1785 (Paris 1904).
CLANRANALD, RANALD MACDONALD OF, ‘Account of Proceedings from Prince Charles’s Landing to Prestonpans’, Scottish Historical Society Miscellany 9, ed. Donald Nicholas (1958).
Cochrane Correspondence regarding the affairs of Glasgow 1745–46 (Maitland Club, Edinburgh, 1830).
COPE, LIEUTENANT GENERAL SIR JOHN, The Report of the Proceedings and Opinion of the Board of General Officers on thier examination into the conduct, behaviour and proceedings of (1749).
CORDARA, PADRE GIULIO CESARE, Commentary on the Expedition to Scotland made by Charles Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales, Sir Bruce Seton, ed. Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, 3rd series, IX (1926).
Court and City Register 1772.
COXE, WILLIAM, Memoirs of the Administration of the Right Honourable Henry Pelham, 2 vols (1829)
COYER, GABRIEL-FRANÇOIS, History of John Sobieski, King of Poland (1762).
CROY, DUC DE, Journal inédit 1718–1784, 4 vols (Paris, 1906).
Culloden Papers, ed. H. R. Duff (1815).
DICKSON, W. K., ed., The Jacobite Attempt of 1719 (Edinburgh, 1719).
DIDEROT, DENIS, Correspondance, ed. Georges Roth (Paris, 1957).
DORAN, J. Mann and Manners at Florence 1740–1786, 2 vols (1876).
DU DEFFAND, MARIE CHAMROND, MARQUISE DE, Correspondance complète, ed. St Aulaire, 3 vols (Paris, 1866).
DUPATY, C. M. J. D., Lettres sur Italie en 1785 (Paris, 1788).
DUTENS, LOUIS, Mémoires d’un voyageur qui se repose, 2 vols (1806).
ELCHO, LORD, A Short Account of the Affairs of Scotland in 1744, 1745 and 1746, ed. E. Charteris (1907).
FLEETWOOD, BISHOP, Six Useful Discourses on the Relative Duties of Parents and Children (1749).
FLOYER, JOHN, The History of Cold Bathing (1732).
FREDERICK THE GREAT, Politische Correspondanz (Berlin, 1879–82).
GRAY, THOMAS, Letters, ed. Duncan C. Tovey, 3 vols (1900).
GUSTAVUS III, king of Sweden, Collection des écrits politiques, littéraires et dramatiques de Gustav III (Paris, 1805).
HAUSMANN, FRIEDRICH, Repertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller Lander (Zurich, 1750).
HEECKEREN, EMILE DE, Correspondance de Benoit XIV avec Tencin, 2 vols (Paris, 1912).
HELVETIUS, CLAUDE ADRIEN, Oeuvres complètes, 5 vols (Paris, 1795).
HÉNAULT, PRÉSIDENT CHARLES, Mémoires (Paris, 1855).
HENDERSON, A., History of the Rebellion 1745–46 (1753).
HÉROARD, JEAN, Journal sur l’enfance et la jeunesse de Louis XIII (Paris, 1868).
Historical Manuscripts Commission, Second, Third, Fifth, Seventh, Eight, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth Reports; Stuart, Hastings, Denbigh, Laing, Bathurst, Lothian, Du Cane, Egmont, Portland, Various Collections.
HOME, JOHN, The History of the Rebellion in the Year 1745 (1802).
HOWELLS, T. B., A Collection of State Trials, 34 vols (1828).
HUME, DAVID, Letters, ed. J. Y. T. Greig (Oxford, 1932).
JOHNSTONE, CHEVALIER DE, A Memoir of the Forty-Five (1820).
LALANDE, JOSEPH-JÉROME LE FRANÇAIS DE, Voyage d’un Français en Italie (Venice, 1769).
KEYSLER, J. G., Travels through Germany, Bavaria, Hungary, Switzerland and Lorraine (1756–7).
KING, WILLIAM, Political and Literary Anecdotes (1819).
KNIGHT, CORNELIA, Autobiography (1861).
LALLEMENT, LÉON, Le Maréchal de Camp Warren (Vannes, 1893).
LA TREMOUILLE, DUC DE, Les Tremouilles pendant cinq siècles, 5 vols (Nantes, 1896).
LA TREMOUILLE, CHARLES, DUC DE, Une famille royaliste, irlandaise et française (Paris, 1901).
LIRIA, DUQUE DE, Diario del viaje a Moscovia del duque de Liria y Xerica (Documentos ineditos para la historia de Espana) (Madrid, 1889).
Lockhart Papers, ed. A. Aufrere, 2 vols (1817).
LUYNES, ALBERT, DUC DE, Mémoires sur la cour de Louis XV, ed. Dussieux and Soulie (Paris, 1860–6).
The Lyon in Mourning, ed. Henry Patton, 3 vols (Edinburgh, Scottish History Society, 1895).
MACALLESTER, OLIVER, A Series of Letters, 2 vols (1767).
MAHON, LORD, Decline of the Last Stuarts. Extracts from Despatches (Roxburghe Club, 1843).
MARISCHAL, GEORGE KEITH, hereditary earl, ‘Two Fragments of Autobiography’, ed. J. Y. T. Greig, Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, 3rd series (1933).
Marchmont Correspondence, Miscellany of the Scottish History Society (1933).
MARVILLE, FEYDEAU DE, Lettres au ministre Maurepas, ed. A. de Boislisle, 3 vols (Paris, 1896)
MAUREPAS, COMTE DE, Recueil dit de Maurepas, 5 vols (Leyden, 1865).
MAXWELL OF KIRKCONNELL, JAMES, Narrative of Charles Prince of Wales’s expedition to Scotland in the year 1745 (Edinburgh, 1841).
MILLER, LADY ANNE, Letters from Italy, 3 vols (1776).
Miscellany of the Spalding Club (1841).
MONTAGU, LADY WORTLEY, Letters and Works (1861).
MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES-LOUIS DE SECONDAT, BARON DE, Correspondance, ed. F. Gebelin (Paris, 1914).
MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES-LOUIS DE SECONDAT, BARON DE, Oeuvres complètes (Paris, 1950).
More Culloden Papers, ed. Duncan Warrand, 5 vols (Inverness, 1923–30).
MORELLI, EMILIO, Le lettere di Benedetto XIV a Tencin, 2 vols (Rome, 1955).
MURRAY OF BROUGHTON, JOHN, Memorials, ed. R. F. Bell (Scottish History Society 27, 1898).
NOAILLES, ADRIEN, DUC DE, Mémoires politiques et militaires, ed. Millot (Paris, 1777).
PELISSIER, LÉON G., Lettres et écrits divers de la comtesse d’Albany (Paris, 1901).
PELISSIER, LÉON G., La portefeuille de la comtesse d’Albany (Paris, 1902).
PELISSIER, LÉON G. Lettres inédites de la comtesse d’Albany, 3 vols (Paris, 1904–15).
PIOZZI, MRS, Autobiography, ed. A. Hay ward, 2 vols (1861).
PITSLIGO, ALEXANDER FORBES, lord, Thoughts concerning Man’s Condition (1854).
RICHELIEU, DUC DE, Mémoires authentiques, ed. Boislisle (Paris, 1918).
ROUSSEAU, JEAN-JACQUES, Emile (Pleiade edition, Paris, 1969).
Royal Kalendar, 1768.
SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE, Lettres et mémoires du maréchal de Saxe, ed. Grimoard, 5 vols (Paris, 1794).
STRANGE, SIR ROBERT and ANDREW LUMISDEN, Memoirs, ed. J. Dennistoun, 2 vols (1855).
TALON, H., John Byrom: selections from his journals and papers (1950).
TAYLER, A. and H., Jacobites of Aberdeenshire and Banffshire in the ’45 (Aberdeen, 1928).
TAYLER, A. and H., Jacobite letters to Lord Pitsligo (Aberdeen, 1930).
TAYLER, A. and H., 1745 and After (containing ‘O’Sullivan’s account’) (1938).
TAYLER, HENRIETTA, The Stuart Papers at Windsor (1939).
TAYLER, HENRIETTA, Jacobite Epilogue (1941)
TAYLER, HENRIETTA, Anonymous History of the Rebellion in the Years 1745 & 1746 (1944).
TAYLER, HENRIETTA, Jacobite Miscellany (Edinburgh, 1948).
TOURNEUX, MAURICE, ed., Correspondance de Grimm, Diderot, Raynal, Meister etc. (Paris, 1882).
VALORI, MARQUIS DE, Mémoires (Paris, 1820).
VAUCHER, P. ed., Recueil des instructions aux ambassadeurs. Angleterre 1688–1791 (Paris, 1965).
Vernon Papers (Navy Recor
ds Society XCIX, 1958).
VERRI, Carteggio di Pietro e Alessandro, ed. Giulini G. Sepegni (Milan, 1926).
VIOMENIL, BARON DE, Lettres sur les affaires de Pologne en 1771 et 1772 (Paris, 1808).
VOLTAIRE, FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET, Oeuvres complètes, ed. Moland (Paris, 1877–85).
VOLTAIRE, FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET, Précis du siècle de Louis XV, ed. Beuchot (Paris, 1888).
VOLTAIRE, FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET, Correspondance, ed. Besterman (Geneva, 1953–67).
WALPOLE, HORACE, Correspondence, ed. W. S. Lewis (New Haven, 1937–74).
WALPOLE, HORACE, Memoirs of the Reign of George II (1846).
Whitefoord Papers, ed. W. A. S. Hewins (Oxford, 1898).
Woodhouselee MSS., ed. Steurat (1907).
WRAXALL, N. W., Historical Memoirs of My Own Time (1818).
4 BOOKS AND ARTICLES CITED
ACRES, W. MARSTON, The Bank of England from Within (Oxford, 1931).
ANGELIS, A. DE, Nella Roma Papale. Il Teatro Aliberti o delle dame 1717–1863 (Tivoli, 1973).
ARLÈS, PHILIPPE, L’enfant et la vie familiale sous l’Ancien Régime (Paris, 1960).
BAINES, J., The Jacobite Rising of 1715 (1970).
BASSI, BRUNO, ‘Vittorio Alfieri e la Suezia’, Annali Alferiani, II (1943).
BENIMELI, J. A. F., La masonerta españda en el siglo 18 (Madrid, 1974).
BERTANA, EMILIO, Alfieri (Turin, 1904).
BERTON., C, Dictionnaire des cardinaux (Paris, 1857).
BINDELLI, PIETRO, Enrico Stuart (Frascati, 1982).
BLACK, JEREMY, ed., Britain in the Age of Walpole (1984).
BLACK, JEREMY, ed., British Foreign Policy in the Age of Walpole (Edinburgh, 1985).
BLACK, JEREMY, ed., ‘Natural and Necessary Enemies’, Anglo-French Relations in the 18th Century (1986).
BLAIKIE, W. B., Itinerary of Prince Charles Stuart from his landing in Scotland July 1745 to his departure in September 1746 (Edinburgh, 1897).
BLOS, PETER, On Adolescence. A Psychoanalytic Interpretation (New York, 1962).
BONGIE, L. L. The Love of a Prince. Bonnie Prince Charlie in France 1744–1748 (Vancouver, 1986).
Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) Page 88
