The Tender Soldier: A True Story of War and Sacrifice

by Gezari, Vanessa M.

Maiwand and, 94, 272n

  open-source, 30, 39, 190, 241n–42n, 251n, 313n, 315n

  International Committee of the Red Cross, 58–59

  International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 176–77, 190, 268n, 294n–95n

  Internet, 116, 178, 252n, 304n, 317n

  Iran, 31, 87, 95, 179, 311n–12n

  Afghan refugees in, 73, 210

  Iraq, 9, 23–32, 44, 91, 123, 188–89, 242n

  anthropology and, 29–31, 37, 118

  Ayala’s work in, 81, 137, 144, 152

  bombings in, 2, 26–28, 35–37, 88, 162, 240n–41n, 246n–47n, 249n, 273n

  casualties in, 27, 31, 35, 139, 162, 167–68, 246n, 310n

  counterinsurgency and, 2, 10, 42–43, 252n

  cultural intelligence and, 10, 29–31, 35–38, 117, 165, 246n–48n, 250n

  Grau’s trip to, 39–40

  HTS and, 2, 24, 81–82, 162–65, 167–68, 173–74, 194, 303n–4n, 309n, 316n–17n

  insurgency in, 25, 27, 36, 152, 176, 246n, 310n

  intelligence and, 37, 180, 241n

  Kuwait and, 23, 31

  Petraeus and, 42, 83, 120, 268n

  technology and, 26–27, 35, 239n, 248n

  terrorist-targeting teams in, 176, 252n, 310n

  U.S. budget cuts and, 248n, 250n

  U.S. nation building in, 36–37, 197, 248n

  U.S. stability operations and, 37, 248n, 252n

  U.S. troop commitments in, 10, 83, 252n

  U.S. wars in, 23–24, 26–29, 37–39, 43, 83, 118, 175–76, 194, 239n, 241n, 246n–49n, 268n, 298n, 313n

  women in, 36, 40, 189, 248n

  Irbil, 152

  Irish Republican Army (IRA), 30, 112–14, 284n

  Islam, 43, 45, 71, 80, 91, 116, 120, 137, 163, 179, 188, 191, 215, 243n–44n, 321n

  extremists and, 210, 319n

  HTS and, 46, 81

  Jack Bauer, see Bauer, Jack

  Jackson, Andrea, 247n, 250n

  Jaffe, Greg, 304n

  Jalali, Ali Ahmad, 270n

  Johnson, Stefanie, 52–53, 125, 256n

  Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) and, 35–37, 43, 246n, 249n, 254n

  Jorgensen, Joseph, 125, 291n

  Justice Department, U.S., 143

  Kabul, 12, 59–61, 161, 170–72, 192, 234n, 275n

  Ayala and, 78, 80–81, 138

  highway between Kandahar and, 82, 267n

  Karzai and, 78–81

  smog and overcrowding in, 66

  violence in, 64, 240n, 270n

  Kandahar, 12, 15, 60, 62, 77, 82–87, 134–38, 211, 223, 226, 233n, 263n, 267n–73n, 326n

  acid attacks on girls in, 208–10

  axe attack in, 207

  and British defeat in Maiwand, 269n–70n

  Canadians in, 84, 268n, 272n

  casualties and, 134–35

  highway between Kabul and, 82, 267n

  HTS and, 1, 83, 178, 255n, 268n

  insurgents in, 87, 135–36, 203, 271n

  Karzais and, 78–79, 97

  Loyd’s military career and, 7, 56, 59

  Provincial Council of, 217–18

  Salam and, 200–202, 215–18

  U.S. occupation of, 5, 55

  and U.S. war in Afghanistan, 86, 271n

  Kandahar Airfield, 47, 56, 91, 201, 234n

  Ayala’s imprisonment at, 132–33

  and Cooper’s interrogation of Afghan detainees, 72–73, 75–76

  Kansas, 83, 164–65, 278n

  Karzai, Ahmed Wali, 97, 216–17, 278n

  Karzai, Hamid, 61, 79–80, 97, 216, 265n

  Ayala and, 6, 78–82, 92, 136–38, 145, 152, 265n–66n

  background of, 78–79

  and casualties in Afghanistan, 134–35

  Taliban and, 78–79, 95, 202

  Khakrezwal, Mohammad Akram, 271n, 323n

  Khik, 270n

  Khost, 44–46, 162, 195, 255n, 303n

  Kilcullen, David, 117, 120, 287n–88n

  Kimbrough v. United States, 298n

  Kipling, Rudyard, 119

  Kipp, Jacob W.:

  cultural intelligence and, 238n, 250n, 316n

  Foreign Military Studies Office and, 25, 194, 238n

  HTS and, 194, 316n

  Soviet-Afghan War and, 238n

  technology and, 25, 38, 239n

  Koran, 91

  Korea, South, 63

  Fondacaro’s tour in, 33–34, 245n

  Loyd’s tour in, 54–55, 258n–59n

  Korean War, 32, 310n

  Kuchis, 182

  Kunar, 83–84

  Kurdistan, 152

  Kushk-i-Nakhud, 84, 269n

  Kuwait, 23, 31, 139

  Lacy, Steve, 177–78, 186, 190–91, 314n–15n

  Lala, Hajji (Hajji Ahmadullah), 221–23, 325n

  Lalai Dastagiri, Hajji Agha, 202, 320n

  Landing, the, 163–66, 168–69

  Lang, Stephen James “Banger,” 170–72, 307n

  Lashkar Gah, 183, 190, 314n

  HTS and, 178–79

  Latin America, 102, 122–24, 162

  Lawrence, T. E., 101, 120–21

  Leatherneck, Camp, 177–80, 186, 189, 192

  Leavenworth, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., 25, 303n–4n

  HTS training in, 81–82, 90–92, 162–65, 167–68, 177–78, 265n, 307n

  Petraeus’s command at, 40, 42, 304n

  Weston Resolve and, 164–65

  Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 119–20

  liberals, liberalism, 43, 112, 163

  anthropology and, 118, 285n

  Libya, 113

  Lincoln Group, 247n

  Little Big Horn, battle of, 269n

  Lockheed Martin, 72–73

  Loeb, Vernon, 246n

  London, 114, 116, 143

  Los Angeles, Calif., 78, 147, 151, 181

  Loyd, Paul, Jr., 48, 53, 55, 156, 160, 255n–59n

  Loyd, Paul, Sr., 48–50

  Loyd, Paula Gene, 47–67, 72

  Afghan children and, 7–8, 11–12, 57, 60

  and Afghan women and girls, 56–58, 62–63, 93–94, 226

  animal rescue group of, 48–49

  anthropology and, 7, 50, 53–54, 56, 125, 256n, 258n

  and Arman, 61–63

  Army enlistment of, 53–54

  attack on, 16–22, 127–33, 135–37, 140, 144, 146, 153, 155, 161, 169, 204–6, 208–9, 211–14, 216–19, 235n–37n, 293n, 301n, 321n–22n, 326n

  and Ayala, 8, 18, 82–83, 92, 131, 133, 153, 154–60, 268n, 300n

  on Bedouin women, 56–57

  Chehel Gazi patrol and, 7–8, 10–11, 13–18, 207, 232n–34n, 293n

  childhood and adolescence of, 48–51, 54, 256n

  cultural intelligence and, 2, 91, 96, 277n

  education of, 1–2, 7, 48–49, 51–56, 59–60, 99, 125, 256n, 258n, 261n

  honors thesis of, 53–54, 99, 258n

  HTS and, 1–3, 7–8, 10–11, 77–78, 83, 88, 90–98, 125, 161–62, 167–69, 199–200, 214, 217, 235n, 255n, 275n–78n, 298n, 304n–5n, 320n

  idealism of, 7, 53, 59, 97, 257n

  interpreters used by, 11–14, 16, 94, 96–97, 259n

  legacy of, 226

  Maiwand and, 7, 13, 23, 83, 85, 89, 91–98, 127–29, 131–32, 145, 200, 215, 217, 221, 274n–76n

  medical treatment of, 130–31, 140, 146

  military career of, 7, 53–60, 82–83, 258n–61n

  Muggeo’s relationship with, 59–60, 64, 66–67, 83, 128–31, 156–57

  naming of, 255n

  and NATO forces in Afghanistan, 59, 64

  and need for cooperation between military and civilian workers, 64–66, 261n

  on the partially veiled and partially open, 99

  as peacemaker, 48, 255n–56n

  physical appearance of, 7–8, 16–18, 48, 50–52, 54, 57, 59–60, 64–65, 69, 128, 130, 140–41, 199–200, 214, 232n–33n, 236n, 256n, 258n, 261n

  physical fitness of, 52, 54, 60, 83, 258n

  PRTs and, 58–64, 261n

  at R
amrod, 69–70, 132

  and Research Triangle Institute International, 66–67

  and Salam, 127, 133, 137, 144, 146, 154–55, 157, 301n

  Wilson Center appearance of, 64–66, 261n

  in Zabul, 60–64, 66, 96–97, 161, 261n

  Lugar, Richard, 248n

  McCain, John, 133, 294n

  McCarthy, Bob, 181

  McChrystal, Stanley, 32, 175–77, 195, 309n

  Afghanistan war assessment of, 176–77, 252n, 310n

  on cultural intelligence, 176–77

  McCollough, Bill, 187–88, 313n

  Mace, George, 163

  McFarland, Maxie, 37–38, 238n, 249n

  McFate, Montgomery Carlough, 101–18, 200, 279n–86n

  anthropology and, 29–31, 43, 101, 105, 112–18, 125–26, 250n, 282n, 284n–86n, 291n, 316n

  childhood and adolescence of, 104–10, 112, 126, 282n

  cultural intelligence and, 29–31, 35–36, 43–44, 102, 117, 242n–44n, 250n

  education of, 29–30, 107–9, 111–16, 120, 125, 280n–81n, 284n

  heritage of, 102–4

  houseboats and, 104–8, 111–12, 280n–82n

  HTS and, 38, 101–2, 120, 124, 193, 196–97, 224–25, 250n, 255n, 316n–17n

  intelligence and, 120, 242n, 288n

  marriage of, 115–17

  mother of, 102–9, 111–12, 280n

  ONR and, 29, 116–17, 243n

  physical appearance of, 29, 108, 112

  research on Northern Ireland of, 112–14, 116, 284n

  and revision of counterinsurgency doctrine, 43–44, 253n

  survival instincts of, 110–11

  on war, 107, 112, 114–16, 118

  and Wilson, 108–9, 196–97

  McGlaughlin, Kevin P., 260n–61n

  McKiernan, David, 83, 134, 268n

  firing of, 175, 310n

  McWilliams, Richard H., 301n

  Maiwand, 82–99, 172–73, 203–11, 213–18, 220–24, 232n–35n, 269n–76n, 296n, 307n

  Amir Mohammad and, 211, 215

  Army and, 5–7, 9, 87–88, 90, 92, 94, 97, 207, 224, 232n, 235n, 272n–74n

  and attack on Loyd, 127–29, 213–14

  Ayala and, 23, 82, 88–89, 91–94, 97–98, 127–28, 131, 133, 135, 137, 153, 156, 159, 221, 273n–74n

  bandits in, 95–96, 209, 323n

  bazaar in, 97–98, 141, 200, 207–8, 214, 218, 232n, 319n, 321n

  bombings and, 14, 88, 90, 94, 96, 99, 141, 201, 210, 221–23, 273n, 297n–98n

  children in, 95, 98–99

  drug trade and, 86, 91

  education in, 95, 98

  Great Britain and, 84–85, 269n–70n

  HTS and, 23, 82–83, 85, 88–98, 169, 172, 178, 223–24, 255n, 265n

  Hajji Lala and, 221–23, 325n

  humanitarian aid in, 88, 136

  insurgency and, 12, 87–88, 90–91, 94–96, 201, 210, 221–22

  Loyd and, 7, 13, 23, 83, 85, 89, 91–98, 127–29, 131–32, 145, 200, 213–14, 215, 217, 221, 274n–76n

  opposition to U.S. presence in, 14, 235n

  prices of commodities in, 7, 13–14, 98, 232n

  Salam and, 128, 200–201, 204–7, 215, 217–18, 220, 223, 324n

  soldiers accused of killing civilians in, 221, 325n

  Taliban and, 14, 85–86, 88, 91, 93–96, 99, 201, 214, 235n, 270n–71n

  women in, 209, 275n, 322n–23n

  Malalai, 84–85, 209, 270n

  malik, Malik system, 96, 98–99

  Maliki, Nouri al-, 81, 137

  Manley Commission, 268n–69n

  Manslaughter Working Group, 300n

  Marine Corps, U.S., 24, 34, 82, 102, 104, 119, 146, 246n, 312n

  counterinsurgency and, 42–43, 187–89, 313n

  cultural intelligence and, 31, 117, 187–88, 190–92, 241n, 243n–44n

  in Helmand, 177–78, 186–88, 190, 192–93

  HTS and, 10, 169–70, 177–78, 180–81, 187, 189–93, 196, 311n, 314n

  and invasion of Marja, 187, 190–91

  medical missions and, 180–84, 186, 311n

  Marine Corps, U.S., units of:

  1st Battalion, 5th Marines, 311n, 313n

  2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade, 190

  Female Engagement Team (FET), 177, 311n

  Fox Company, 179, 181, 186

  Judge Advocate Division, 157, 302n

  Marja, invasion of, 187, 190–91

  Marxists, Marxism, 53–54, 283n

  Massoud, Ahmed Shah, 79

  Mazar-i-Sharif, 234n, 271n, 276n

  Mead, Margaret, 103, 117, 122, 289n

  media, 80, 108, 123, 135–36, 247n, 313n, 323n–24n

  HTS and, 46, 163, 168, 183, 191

  Loyd and, 54, 57, 324n

  and revision of counterinsurgency doctrine, 43, 252n

  Salam and, 200–201, 218

  Merry, Sally Engle, 53, 258n

  Mexicans, Mexico, 39, 102, 147, 251n

  México Indígena, 251n

  Middle East, 71, 83, 101, 241n, 245n, 303n

  Middleton, John, 113, 283n

  Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, 138–39

  Military Review, 193–94

  militias, 25–26, 85, 174, 203, 270n

  Karzai and, 78–79

  Milošević, Slobodan, 71

  misogyny, 199, 206, 208–10, 321n–22n

  Mission Essential Personnel (MEP), 234n

  MITR Corporation, 247n

  Mohammad, Amir, 211–13, 215, 292n, 324n

  Mohammad Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan, 80

  Morlock, Jeremy, 325n

  Mormons, 18, 70, 181, 262n

  Muggeo, Frank:

  Ayala’s sentencing and, 156–57

  and Loyd, 59–60, 64, 66–67, 83, 128–31, 140, 156–57, 301n

  and Salam, 303n–4n

  mujaheddin, 202, 214

  Soviet-Afghan War and, 24–25, 85, 90, 171–72

  Mullen, Mike, 83

  Nachmanoff, Michael, 143–46, 225, 298n, 300n–302n

  Ayala’s sentencing and, 154–58, 160

  and letters from supporters of Ayala, 144–45

  and shooting of Salam, 154–55, 301n

  Nad Ali, 182

  Nagl, John A., 252n–53n

  Najibullah, Mohammad, 85

  Naler, Christopher, 312n

  National Security Agency, U.S., 71–72

  Native Americans, 102, 162, 262n, 300n

  and comparisons between anthropology and intelligence, 121, 288n–89n

  and Cooper’s childhood and adolescence, 70, 76

  Navajo Nation, 70, 262n

  Navy, U.S., 29, 103, 117, 133, 146, 180, 225, 246n, 253n

  Nawa, 188, 311n, 315n

  Nazis, 112, 282n

  Network of Concerned Anthropologists, 286n

  New Orleans, La., 80, 102, 139, 144–47, 225

  New York, 31, 179, 244n

  Nicholson, John W. “Mick,” 41, 44

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, 110–11, 282n

  night letters, 179, 187, 190, 311n, 313n

  Nixon, Richard, 32, 244n

  nongovernmental organizations, 59, 63–65, 165, 251n

  Noorzai, 96, 98–99

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 59–60, 71, 195, 215, 234n

  Afghanistan and, 59, 64–65, 83, 87, 134–35, 175–77, 179, 187, 190, 294n–95n, 311n

  ISAF of, 176–77, 190, 268n, 294n–95n

  McChrystal and, 176–77

  night letters and, 179, 187, 311n

  Northern Ireland, 112–14, 116, 284n

  Nutini, Hugo G., 123, 290n

  Obama, Barack, 1, 9, 134–35, 174, 249n, 309n–10n

  Office of Naval Research (ONR):

  cultural intelligence and, 29, 243n

  McFate and, 29, 116–17, 243n

  Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 40, 122

  oil spot theory, 307n

  Omaha, Neb., 163, 304n–5n

  Omar, Mullah Muhammad, 79, 85, 202, 270n–71n

>   open-source intelligence, 30, 39, 190, 241n–42n, 251n, 313n, 315n

  Ouimette, Kirsten, 272n, 296n

  Packer, George, 248n, 287n

  Pakistan, Pakistanis, 15, 67, 174, 204, 225, 240n, 311n

  Afghan border with, 44, 60, 87

  Afghan refugees in, 73, 95, 210

  and Cooper, 73, 75

  immolations in, 206, 321n–22n

  Karzai and, 79, 265n

  Taliban and, 61, 79, 86, 202–3, 210

  Panjwai, 269n

  Pashto, 172–73, 184, 188, 194, 263n, 304n, 308n

  Cooper’s knowledge of, 6, 13, 72, 74–75

  Pashtuns, 11, 73, 170, 172, 184, 200–201, 263n, 308n

  Pashtunwali, 188, 311n

  Patai, Raphael, 118

  Pathak, Matthew, 17

  HTS and, 232n, 234n–35n

  Salam and, 20, 127, 155, 159, 216, 236n, 292n, 320n

  Peace Through Strength (Proceay Takhim-e-Solh), 202–3, 211, 320n

  Penitentes, 179–80

  Pentagon, see Defense Department, U.S.

  Pentagon Papers, 244n, 245n

  Persian Gulf War, 38, 248n, 298n

  Petraeus, David Howell, 32, 195

  counterinsurgency and, 10, 42–43, 252n

  cultural intelligence and, 40–41, 43–44

  Fort Leavenworth command of, 40, 42–43, 304n

  Iraq and, 42, 83, 120, 268n

  Phoenix Program, 191, 314n

  police, 54, 106–8, 121, 132, 145, 149

  police, Afghan, 12, 76, 190, 263n, 271n, 274n, 320n

  and attack on Loyd, 127–28, 136, 293n

  Chehel Gazi patrol and, 8–9, 13

  corruption of, 21, 58, 93, 96, 237n, 276n

  HTS and, 21, 92–93, 314n

  Maiwand and, 13, 93–96, 221–23

  Salam and, 21, 211–13, 215–17, 219, 221, 292n, 324n

  Taliban and, 95, 203

  politics, 39, 54–55, 133, 188, 193, 249n, 314n

  Afghanistan and, 55, 61, 74, 79, 96–97, 135, 137, 201, 203, 240n, 253n, 268n, 316n

  anthropology and, 114, 118, 125, 240n, 285n, 287n

  Cooper and, 71, 74

  counterinsurgencies and, 10, 43, 124–25, 253n

  cultural intelligence and, 10, 30, 192, 242n

  HTS and, 81–82, 88–89, 163, 168–69, 255n

  IRA and, 113–14

  Iraq and, 30, 35, 37

  McFate and, 105, 112

  Maiwand and, 14, 87–88, 94, 97

  and need for cooperation between military and civilian workers, 65–66

  Project Camelot and, 122–23

  PRTs and, 58–59

  Salam and, 134, 207, 216–17

  Polynesia, 103, 280n

  postcolonialism, 198

  Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 76–77, 146–47, 155–56, 264n, 293n, 301n

  Powell Doctrine, 37, 241n, 248n–49n

  Poynter, Frances, 102–9, 111–12, 280n

  Price, David, 118, 289n

  Prinslow, Karl, 252n