Idiot Brain

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Idiot Brain Page 30

by Dean Burnett


  13 N. Mesgarani et al., “Phonetic feature encoding in human superior temporal gyrus,” Science, 2014, 343(6174), pp. 1006–10

  14 See Chapter 3, n. 14

  15 D. J. Simons and D. T. Levin, “Failure to detect changes to people during a real-world interaction,” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1998, 5(4), pp. 644–9

  16 R. S. F. McCann, D. C. Foyle and J. C. Johnston, “Attentional Limitations with Heads-Up Displays,” Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 1993, pp. 70–5

  6 Personality: a testing concept

  1 E. J. Phares and W. F. Chaplin, Introduction to Personality (4th edn), Prentice Hall, 1997

  2 L. A. Froman, “Personality and political socialization,” Journal of Politics, 1961, 23(02), pp. 341–52

  3 H. Eysenck and A. Levey, “Conditioning, introversion-extraversion and the strength of the nervous system,” in V. D. Nebylitsyn and J. A. Gray (eds.), Biological Bases of Individual Behavior, Academic Press, 1972, pp. 206–20

  4 Y. Taki et al., “A longitudinal study of the relationship between personality traits and the annual rate of volume changes in regional gray matter in healthy adults,” Human Brain Mapping, 2013, 34(12), pp. 3347–53

  5 K. L. Jang, W. J. Livesley and P. A. Vemon, “Heritability of the big five personality dimensions and their facets: A twin study,” Journal of Personality, 1996, 64(3), pp. 577–92

  6 M. Friedman and R. H. Rosenman, Type A Behavior and Your Heart, Knopf, 1974

  7 G. V. Caprara and D. Cervone, Personality: Determinants, Dynamics, and Potentials, Cambridge University Press, 2000

  8 J. B. Murray, “Review of research on the Myers-Briggs type indicator,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1990, 70(3c), pp. 1187–1202

  9 A. N. Sell, “The recalibrational theory and violent anger,” Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2011, 16(5), pp. 381–9

  10 C. S. Carver and E. Harmon-Jones, “Anger is an approach-related affect: evidence and implications,” Psychological Bulletin, 2009, 135(2), pp. 183–204

  11 M. Kazén et al., “Inverse relation between cortisol and anger and their relation to performance and explicit memory,” Biological Psychology, 2012, 91(1), pp. 28–35

  12 H. J. Rutherford and A. K. Lindell, “Thriving and surviving: Approach and avoidance motivation and lateralization,” Emotion Review, 2011, 3(3), pp. 333–43

  13 D. Antos et al., “The influence of emotion expression on perceptions of trustworthiness in negotiation,” Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2011

  14 S. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Penguin, 2003

  15 S. McLeod, “Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,” Simply Psychology, 2007 (updated 2014), http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html (accessed September 2015)

  16 R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, “Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being,” American Psychologist, 2000, 55(1), p. 68

  17 M. R. Lepper, D. Greene and R. E. Nisbett, “Undermining children’s intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the ‘overjustification’ hypothesis,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 28(1), p. 129

  18 E. T. Higgins, “Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect,” Psychological Review, 1987, 94(3), p. 319

  19 J. Reeve, S. G. Cole and B. C. Olson, “The Zeigarnik effect and intrinsic motivation: Are they the same?,” Motivation and Emotion, 1986, 10(3), pp. 233–45

  20 S. Shuster, “Sex, aggression, and humor: Responses to unicycling,” British Medical Journal, 2007, 335(7633), pp. 1320–22

  21 N. D. Bell, “Responses to failed humor,” Journal of Pragmatics, 2009, 41(9), pp. 1825–36

  22 A. Shurcliff, “Judged humor, arousal, and the relief theory,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968, 8(4p1), p. 360

  23 D. Hayworth, “The social origin and function of laughter,” Psychological Review, 1928, 35(5), p. 367

  24 R. R. Provine and K. Emmorey, “Laughter among deaf signers,” Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2006, 11(4), pp. 403–9

  25 R. R. Provine, “Contagious laughter: Laughter is a sufficient stimulus for laughs and smiles,” Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1992, 30(1), pp. 1–4

  26 C. McGettigan et al., “Individual differences in laughter perception reveal roles for mentalizing and sensorimotor systems in the evaluation of emotional authenticity,” Cerebral Cortex, 2015, 25(1) pp. 246–57

  7 Group hug!

  1 A. Conley, “Torture in US jails and prisons: An analysis of solitary confinement under international law,” Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law, 2013, 7, p. 415

  2 B. N. Pasley et al., “Reconstructing speech from human auditory cortex,” PLoS-Biology, 2012, 10(1), p. 175

  3 J. A. Lucy, Language Diversity and Thought: A Reformulation of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis, Cambridge University Press, 1992

  4 I. R. Davies, “A study of colour grouping in three languages: A test of the linguistic relativity hypothesis,” British Journal of Psychology, 1998, 89(3), pp. 433–52

  5 O. Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, and Other Clinical Tales, Simon and Schuster, 1998

  6 P. J. Whalen et al., “Neuroscience and facial expressions of emotion: The role of amygdala–prefrontal interactions,” Emotion Review, 2013, 5(1), pp. 78–83

  7 N. Guéguen, “Foot-in-the-door technique and computer-mediated communication,” Computers in Human Behavior, 2002, 18(1), pp. 11–15

  8 A. C.-y. Chan and T. K.-f. Au, “Getting children to do more academic work: foot-in-the-door versus door-in-the-face,” Teaching and Teacher Education, 2011, 27(6), pp. 982–5

  9 C. Ebster and B. Neumayr, “Applying the door-in-the-face compliance technique to retailing ,” International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 2008, 18(1), pp. 121–8

  10 J. M. Burger and T. Cornelius, “Raising the price of agreement: Public commitment and the lowball compliance procedure,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2003, 33(5), pp. 923–34

  11 R. B. Cialdini et al., “Low-ball procedure for producing compliance: commitment then cost,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1978, 36(5), p. 463

  12 T. F. Farrow et al., “Neural correlates of self-deception and impression-management,” Neuropsychologia, 2015, 67, pp. 159–74

  13 S. Bowles and H. Gintis, A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution, Princeton University Press, 2011

  14 C. J. Charvet and B. L. Finlay, “Embracing covariation in brain evolution: large brains, extended development, and flexible primate social systems,” Progress in Brain Research, 2012, 195, p. 71

  15 F. Marlowe, “Paternal investment and the human mating system,” Behavioral Processes, 2000, 51(1), pp. 45–61

  16 L. Betzig, “Medieval monogamy,” Journal of Family History, 1995, 20(2), pp. 181–216

  17 J. E. Coxworth et al., “Grandmothering life histories and human pair bonding,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015. 112(38), pp. 11806–11

  18 D. Lieberman, D. M. Fessler and A. Smith, “The relationship between familial resemblance and sexual attraction: An update on Westermarck, Freud, and the incest taboo,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2011, 37(9), pp. 1229–32

  19 A. Aron et al., “Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated with early-stage intense romantic love,” Journal of Neurophysiology, 2005, 94(1), pp. 327–37

  20 A. Campbell, “Oxytocin and human social behavior,” Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2010

  21 W. S. Hays, “Human pheromones: have they been demonstrated?,” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2003, 54(2), pp. 89–97

  22 L. Campbell et al., “Perceptions of conflict and support in romantic relationships: The role of attachment anxiety,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005, 88(3), p. 510

  23 E. Kross et al., “Social rejection shares somatosensory representations
with physical pain,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(15), pp. 6270–75

  24 H. E. Fisher et al., “Reward, addiction, and emotion regulation systems associated with rejection in love,” Journal of Neurophysiology, 2010, 104(1), pp. 51–60

  25 J. M. Smyth, “Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1998, 66(1), p. 174

  26 H. Thomson, “How to fix a broken heart,” New Scientist, 2014, 221(2956), pp. 26–7

  27 R. I. Dunbar, “The social brain hypothesis and its implications for social evolution,” Annals of Human Biology, 2009, 36(5), pp. 562–72

  28 T. Dávid-Barrett and R. Dunbar, “Processing power limits social group size: computational evidence for the cognitive costs of sociality,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 2013, 280(1765), 10.1098/rspb.2013.1151

  29 S. E. Asch, “Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority,” Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 1956, 70(9), pp. 1–70

  30 L. Turella et al., “Mirror neurons in humans: consisting or confounding evidence?,” Brain and Language, 2009, 108(1), pp. 10–21

  31 B. Latané and J. M. Darley, “Bystander ‘apathy’,” American Scientist, 1969, pp. 244–68

  32 I. L. Janis, Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes, Houghton Mifflin, 1982

  33 S. D. Reicher, R. Spears and T. Postmes, “A social identity model of deindividuation phenomena,” European Review of Social Psychology, 1995, 6(1), pp. 161–98

  34 S. Milgram, “Behavioral study of obedience,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1963, 67(4), p. 371

  35 S. Morrison, J. Decety and P. Molenberghs, “The neuroscience of group membership,” Neuropsychologia, 2012, 50(8), pp. 2114–20

  36 R. B. Mars et al., “On the relationship between the ‘default mode network’ and the ‘social brain’,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2012, vol. 6, article 189

  37 G. Northoff and F. Bermpohl, “Cortical midline structures and the self,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2004, 8(3), pp. 102–7

  38 P. G. Zimbardo and A. B. Cross, Stanford Prison Experiment, Stanford University, 1971

  39 G. Silani et al., “Right supramarginal gyrus is crucial to overcome emotional egocentricity bias in social judgments,” Journal of Neuroscience, 2013, 33(39), pp. 15466­–76

  40 L. A. Strömwall, H. Alfredsson and S. Landström, “Rape victim and perpetrator blame and the just world hypothesis: The influence of victim gender and age,” Journal of Sexual Aggression, 2013, 19(2), pp. 207–17

  8 When the brain breaks down . . .

  1 V. S. Ramachandran and E. M. Hubbard, “Synaesthesia—a window into perception, thought and language,” Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2001, 8(12), pp. 3–34

  2 See Chapter 3, n. 1

  3 R. Hirschfeld, “History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2000

  4 J. Adrien, “Neurobiological bases for the relation between sleep and depression,” Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2002, 6(5), pp. 341–51

  5 D. P. Auer et al., “Reduced glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex in depression: An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study,” Biological Psychiatry, 2000, 47(4), pp. 305–13

  6 A. Lok et al., “Longitudinal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis trait and state effects in recurrent depression,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2012, 37(7), pp. 892–902

  7 H. Eyre and B. T. Baune, “Neuroplastic changes in depression: a role for the immune system,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2012, 37(9), pp. 1397–416

  8 W. Katon et al., “Association of depression with increased risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Diabetes and Aging Study,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 2012, 69(4), pp. 410–17

  9 A. M. Epp et al., “A systematic meta-analysis of the Stroop task in depression,” Clinical Psychology Review, 2012, 32(4), pp. 316–28

  10 P. F. Sullivan, M. C. Neale and K. S. Kendler, “Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 2007, 157(10), pp. 1552–62

  11 T. H. Holmes and R. H. Rahe, “The social readjustment rating scale,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1967, 11(2), pp. 213–18

  12 D. H. Barrett et al., “Cognitive functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 1996, 153(11), pp. 1492–4

  13 P. L. Broadhurst, “Emotionality and the Yerkes–Dodson law,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1957, 54(5), pp. 345–52

  14 R. S. Ulrich et al., “Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1991, 11(3), pp. 201–30

  15 K. Dedovic et al., “The brain and the stress axis: The neural correlates of cortisol regulation in response to stress,” Neuroimage, 2009, 47(3), pp. 864–71

  16 S. M. Monroe and K. L. Harkness, “Life stress, the ‘kindling’ hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective,” Psychological Review, 2005, 112(2), p. 417

  17 F. E. Thoumi, “The numbers game: Let’s all guess the size of the illegal drug industry,” Journal of Drug Issues, 2005, 35(1), pp. 185–200

  18 S. B. Caine et al., “Cocaine self-administration in dopamine D receptor knockout mice,” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2012, 20(5), p. 352

  19 J. W. Dalley et al., “Deficits in impulse control associated with tonically-elevated serotonergic function in rat prefrontal cortex,” Neuropsychopharmacology, 2002, 26, pp. 716–28

  20 T. E. Robinson and K. C. Berridge, “The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction,” Brain Research Reviews, 1993, 18(3), pp. 247–91

  21 R. Brown, “Arousal and sensation-seeking components in the general explanation of gambling and gambling addictions,” Substance Use & Misuse, 1986, 21(9–10), pp. 1001–16

  22 B. J. Everitt et al., “Associative processes in addiction and reward: The role of amygdala–ventral striatal subsystems,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, 877(1), pp. 412–38

  23 G. M. Robinson et al., “Patients in methadone maintenance treatment who inject methadone syrup: A preliminary study,” Drug and Alcohol Review, 2000, 19(4), pp. 447–50

  24 L. Clark and T. W. Robbins, “Decision-making deficits in drug addiction,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2002, 6(9), pp. 361–3

  25 M. J. Kreek et al., “Genetic influences on impulsivity, risk taking, stress responsivity and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction,” Nature Neuroscience, 2005, 8(11), pp. 1450–57

  26 S. S. Shergill et al., “Functional anatomy of auditory verbal imagery in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 2000, 157(10), pp. 1691–3

  27 P. Allen et al., “The hallucinating brain: a review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of hallucinations,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2008, 32(1), pp. 175–91

  28 S.-J. Blakemore et al., “The perception of self-produced sensory stimuli in patients with auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences: evidence for a breakdown in self-monitoring,” Psychological Medicine, 2000, 30(05), pp. 1131–9

  29 See n. 27, above

  30 R. L. Buckner and D. C. Carroll, “Self-projection and the brain,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2007, 11(2), pp. 49–57

  31 A. W. Young, K. M. Leafhead and T. K. Szulecka, “The Capgras and Cotard delusions,” Psychopathology, 1994, 27(3–5), pp. 226–31

  32 M. Coltheart, R. Langdon, and R. McKay, “Delusional belief,” Annual Review of Psychology, 2011, 62, pp. 271–98

  33 P. Corlett et al., “Toward a neurobiology of delusions,” Progress in Neurobiology, 2010, 92(3), pp. 345–69

  34 J. T. Coyle, “The glutamatergic dysfunction hypothesis for schizophrenia,” Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1996, 3(5)
, pp. 241–53

  Index

  Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.

  acetylcholine 285

  action potentials 40

  Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (Milligan) 11–12

  adrenalin 31, 32, 43, 91, 98

  junkies 102 (see also fear: love of)

  alcohol:

  and depression 272

  and memory 52–7

  and social anxieties 86

  Alzheimer’s disease 69, 142, 146n (see also dementia; mental health)

  amnesia, see memory

  amygdala 29, 31, 89, 99, 156, 200, 203, 213, 219, 230, 243, 289, 296–7

  anorexia 17

  anterior cingulate cortex 243, 257, 270

  anterior cingulate gyrus 182

  anterior hippocampus 103

  aphasia 225–6, 228

  Broca’s 225

  Wernicke’s 225–6

  apophenia 79–80

  appetite 12–14 (see also diet and eating)

  artificial light 20

  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 142

  auditory cortex 226

  bodily movement 7

  body temperature 20

  braille 166

  brain (see also nervous system):

  and aphasia 225, 228

  boosting power of 135–43 (see also intelligence)

  and pharmaceuticals 141–2

  and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tCDS) 142–3

  and brainwaves 21 (see also sleep)

  and control of others 231–9

  door-in-face technique 234–5, 239

  foot-in-door technique 233–4, 239

  impression management 237

  low-ball technique 235–6

  reciprocity 239

  and relationships 240–6

  and delusions, see delusions

  and drug addiction 283–91

  and ego 58–66, 242

  fight-or-flight response in 27–33, 75, 80, 91, 104, 107, 280 (see also fear)

  and Gage 188–90

  and group dynamics 246–54, 256–60

  and bystander effect 251

 

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