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Notes
Introduction: 1,567 Days
1.Perry Bradford, Born with the Blues: The True Story of the Pioneering Blues Singers and Musicians in the Early Days of Jazz (New York: Oak Publications, 1965), 114. Bradford’s claim to have participated in the recording was disputed by Willie “the Lion” Smith, who later also claimed to have been the session pianist.
2.Hugo Ball, “Kandinsky: Vortrag gehalten in der Galerie Dada (Zürich, 7. April 1917),” in Der Künstler und die Zeitkrankheit: Ausgewählte Schriften, ed. Hans Burkhard Schlichting (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1984), 41.
3.Ibid.
4.Ernst Jünger, Feuer und Blut (Magdeburg: Stahlhelm-Verlag, 1925), 466.
5.John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems (New York: Henry Holt, 1927), 8.
1918: Shell Shock
1.Times (London), April 24, 1915.
2.Some six hundred French and eighteen German soldiers were also executed for “desertion.” In 2006, with the admission that it was not possible to establish which of the “deserters” had been suffering from shell shock, all British and Commonwealth soldiers executed during the First World War were posthumously pardoned.
3.Paul Nash, quoted in Robert Wohl, The Generation of 1914 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), 97.
4.Labour Leader, May 6, 1915.
5.Wilfred Owen, letter to his mother, January 16, 1917, in Letters, 427–428, quoted in Daniel Hipp, The Poetry of Shell Shock: Wartime Trauma and Healing in Wilfred Owen, Ivor Gurney, and Siegfried Sassoon (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 47.
6.Siegfried Sassoon, quoted in Max Egremont, Siegfried Sassoon: A Life (London, Macmillan, 2005), 144.
7.Reginald Pound, The Lost Generation of 1914, quoted in Wohl, Generation of 1914, 122.
8.Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth (London: Gollancz, 1933), 475.
9.Rosa Mayreder, Zur Kritik der Weiblichkeit (Jena: E. Diederichs, 1905), 118.
10.The British Dominion of Newfoundland did not formally become part of Canada until 1949.
11.John Milne, Footprints of the 1/4 Leicestershire Regiment (London: Naval and Military Press, 2009), 58.
12.Fernand Léger, Fernand Léger: une correspondance de guerre à Louis Poughon (Paris: Bibliothèque publique d’information du Centre Pompidou, 1997), 72; translation by author, with special thanks to Gordon Hughes.
13.Elmer Ernest Southard, Shell-Shock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems, Presented in Five Hundred and Eighty-Nine Case Histories (Boston: Leonard, 1919).
14.F. W. Mott, “Lettsomian Lecture on the Effects of High Explosives upon the Central Nervous System” (part 3), Lancet, March 11, 1916, 553.
15.Marcel Arland, 1926, quoted in Wohl, Generation of 1914, 26.
16.Jean Prévost, “Dix-huitième année,” quoted and trans. in Wohl, Generation of 1914, 32.
17.Wohl, Generation of 1914, 31.
1919: A Poet’s Coup
1.Gabriele d’Annunzio, quoted in Philippe Jullian, D’Annunzio (London: Pall Mall Press, 1972), 285.
2.D’Annunzio, quoted in Jullian, D’Annunzio, 257.
3.Osbert Sitwell, Noble Essences, quoted in Jullian, D’Annunzio, 287.
4.Lucy Hughes-Hallett, The Pike: Gabriele d’Annunzio, Poet, Seducer and Preacher of War (London: Fourth Estate, 2013), Kindle locations 7203–7205.
5.Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West: Form and Actuality, trans. Charles Francis (New York: Atkinson, 1926), 105.
6.Ibid., 377.
7.Ibid., 137.
8 Ibid., 460.
9.Ibid., 464, 463.
10.Ibid., 464.
11.Cameron McWhirter, Red Summer: The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America (New York: Macmillan, 2011), 56.
12.Ibid.
13.From Negroes i
n America, quoted in Wayne F. Cooper, Claude McKay: Rebel Sojourner in the Harlem Renaissance, a Biography (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987), 187. McKay made this point forcefully in an address to the Fourth Congress of the Third International in Moscow in 1922.
14.Claude McKay, “If We Must Die,” 1919, in Harlem Shadows: The Poems of Claude McKay (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1922), 22.
15.Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1921), 5.
16.Ibid., 179.
17.Ibid., 90.
18.Ibid., 23.
19.Ibid., 123.
20.Ibid., 253.
21.Francis Ludwig Carsten, The Rise of Fascism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), 62.
1920: Moonshine Nation
1.Quoted in William Vance Trollinger, God’s Empire: William Bell Riley and Midwestern Fundamentalism (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990), 179.
2.Quoted in Daniel Okrent, Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition (New York: Scribner, 2010), 44.
3.R. Hutton, Anti Saloon League Yearbook, 1918.
4.Quoted in Okrent, Last Call, 208
5.Andrew Sinclair, Prohibition, the Era of Excess (Boston: Little, Brown, 1963), 220.
6.Ibid., 226.
7.Ibid.
8.Roy F. Allen, Literary Life in German Expressionism and the Berlin Circles (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1983), 216–217.
9.John F. Carter, Atlantic Monthly, September 1920.
10.Sinclair, Prohibition, 181.
11.Denis Brogan, American Themes (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1948), 192.
12.F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 282.
13.Quoted in John P. O’Neill and Sabine Rewald, Twentieth Century Modern Masters: The Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1990), 4.
14.Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast (New York: Scribner Classics, 1996), 29
15.Quoted in William A. Shack, Harlem in Montmartre (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 33.
16.Liverpool Watch Committee Minute Book, June 17, 1919, No. 56, 251–262, 352 1/56, Liverpool Record Office, Central Library.
