The Promise of the Grand Canyon
Page 42
background on, 104–10
beginning of journey, 116–17
boats, 106, 112, 113, 116–20
campsite fire, 134–36
campsites, 121, 123, 158–59
in Cataract Rapids, 150–54
congressional debate, 90–92
in Desolation Canyon, 144–46
end of journey, 169–70
false reports of demise of, 140–43
funding of, 89–92
in Grand Canyon, 154–69
Howland party departure and disappearance, 162–64, 171–76, 188, 190–93, 200
journal accounts of, 137–38, 153, 165
in Labyrinth Canyon, 147–48
in Lodore Canyon, 133–36
loss of No Name, 126–31, 143, 162, 175
map, xvi
news reports of, 140–43, 173, 176, 177
overwintering, 100–102
potential waterfalls, 105, 108–9
Powell loses his temper, 152–53
Powell’s interest in his men, 153, 174–75
Powell’s planning for, 92, 93, 96–97, 104–5, 108–9
Powell’s reconnaissance, 100–102
public interest in, 236–42
recruits for, 102–3, 111–16
scientific instruments, 123–24, 129–30, 159–60
supplies and food, 106, 143–44, 148–49, 152, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 165, 181
Colorado River Exploring Expedition of 1871-1872, 181–82, 200–211, 215–16
recruits for, 200–201
survey work, 206–9
Colored Infantry, U.S., 67–68
“commonwealth watershed model,” 319, 321, 333, 342
compasses, 159–60
Comstock Lode, 301, 304
Conchologist’s First Book, 42
conchology, 41–41, 43–44
Conemaugh River, 309
Conkling, Roscoe, 277
Conness, John, 323–24
Continental Divide, 3
Cook, Clarence, 232
Cooke, Jay, 218, 234
Cope, Edward D., 263–64, 267, 271, 272–73, 307–8
Copeland, Ada, 279
Corliss steam engine, 243–44
Cosmos Club, 288–89
Crater Lake, 312
Crooker, Lucian B., 69–70
Crookham, George “Big George,” 11–13, 14–19, 21, 22, 177
Crossing of the Fathers, 181, 205
Custer, George, 245
Cuvier Prize, 327
Dakota Badlands, 77, 78–79, 82, 87, 217
Dakota Territory, 305–6
dams, 309–10, 334, 338–39
Dana, James Dwight, 213
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., 38–39
Darwin, Charles, 20, 42, 264
Davis, Jefferson, 62
Davis, John (brother-in-law), 34–35, 36
Davis, Martha Powell (sister), 34–35
Dean, Harriet (mother-in-law), 44
Dean, Joseph (father-in-law), 44
Death Valley, 220
“deep time,” 20, 176, 178
Delano, Columbus, 224–25, 226–27, 249
Dellenbaugh, Fred, 226, 241
in second Colorado River Exploring Expedition, 201–2, 207, 210, 211
democracy, 251, 253, 296
Denver City, 79–80, 86, 88, 92–93, 100–101
Denver Pacific Railway, 199
Department of Agriculture, U.S., 315, 323
Department of the Interior, U.S., 224, 236, 245, 246, 248, 266, 272, 276
Deseret Evening News, 173
Desolation Canyon, 144–46
Detroit Post, 141–42
Dewitt Courier, 35
Diamond Creek, 221–22
Dickinson, Emily, 97
dinosaurs, 17–18, 121, 217, 263
Dirty Devil River, 181, 201, 204–5, 209, 338
disabilities, 71–73
Disaster Falls, 131, 133, 202
Dixon, William Hepworth, 79
Dodds, Pardon, 204, 205
Dodge, Richard Irving, 254
Donner Party, 148
droughts, 2, 4, 300–301, 340–41
Dunn, Bill
abandoning the expedition, 162–66, 174–76
background of, 94
in Colorado River Exploring Expedition, 102–3, 111, 116, 126, 145–47, 150, 152–53, 157–59, 162–65
disappearance of, 171–74, 188, 190–93, 200
Durley, Allen, 95
Dust Bowl, 323, 340, 342
Dutton, Clarence, 287, 311–12, 324–25
Grand Canyon work, 312, 324–25, 327
irrigation survey, 259, 260, 303–4, 311–14
Powell survey work, 239–40, 267, 274, 295
Senate hearings, 312–14, 324
Dynamic Sociology (Ward), 287
Eaton, A. B., 90
Ebbitt House, 284–85
Echo Cliffs, 194–95
Echo Park, 136–37
Echo Rock (Steamboat Rock), 137, 138
ecology, 44
Edison, Thomas, 243
Edmunds, George, 91
Elgin watch, 152–53, 200
Elliott, Henry W., 218
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 7, 26
Emma Dean
in first Colorado River Exploring Expedition, 115–16, 120, 125–26, 128, 130, 131, 134, 145–47, 150, 151, 156, 158, 165,
in second Colorado River Exploring Expedition, 201, 210–11
Emmons, Samuel, 286–87
Enlightenment, 256
Erie Canal, 8, 9, 25
Ethnology, 230, 239, 249, 265–66
Evangelical Protestantism, 9–11
Evans, John, 199
Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and its tributaries: Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872, 240–42, 247
Explorer, USS, 84
Fairchild, Lucius, 73
farming, 27–33, 251–52, 258
Farrell, Ned, 98
federalism, 266
federal surveys, 212–42, 245–48, 263–64, 266–67
fencing the prairie, 36–37
Fennemore, James, 208, 210
Field, Jake, 110–11, 112, 201
Fifth International Geological Congress (1891), 326
Finney, Charles, 15
First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 276
First Transcontinental Railroad, 212–13
Flad, Henry, 50
Flaming Gorge, 121
Flint, Timothy C., 39
Florida, 253, 265
“Flyoff,” 304
Ford, John, 223, 336
Ford’s Hill, 15–16, 22–23
Forts
Bridger, 111
Defiance, 195, 196–97
Dodge, 108
Donelson, 52
Henry, 52
Sumter, 46
Yuma, 84, 169
Fortieth Parallel Survey (King), 214–15, 216, 219, 222, 224
fossils, 263–64, 307–8
Powell’s collecting of, 17–18, 41–42, 43–44, 75
Four Corners, 105
Frank, M., 32
Frémont, John C.
background of, 49
Powell meets with, 49–50
in Civil War, 48–50, 51
western expeditions of, 83, 85, 118, 255
Fremont Indians, 184
From Canal Boy to President (Garfield), 278
frontier thesis, 223, 336
funding of expeditions, 76–78, 89–92, 182–83
Galileo Galilei, 19
Garfield, James, 270, 277–78
appoints Powell head of USGS, 278
assassination and death of, 279–80
election as president, 277–78
encourages Powell to publish, 236–37
Hayden’s survey work, 219, 224–25, 248, 268
interest in consolidating Federal surveys, 224
Powell’s Colorado River Expedition, 90, 236–37, 241
Powell shares assistant with, 278
Garland, Hamlin, 300, 336
Garman, Sam, 97–98
General Conference of 1836 (Methodist), 12
General Land Office, U.S., 216, 246, 262, 264–65, 266–67, 323
Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, 275–76
Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (Hayden), 216–19
Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel (King), 214–15, 216, 219, 222, 224
geological history of Earth, 19–20, 110, 136, 155, 177–78, 180, 341
Geological Survey, U.S. (USGS), 281–90, 326
Allison Commission, 290–99
“Arid Lands of the United States” (map), 2–4, 308–9
budgets, 275, 282, 284, 285, 289–90, 323, 328
creation of, 267, 274–75, 281–82
Hayden’s survey exhibit, 244
King at, 272–73, 276–77, 278, 281, 282
mapping work, 282–84, 291–92, 326
Powell at, 2–4, 273, 275, 283–90, 323, 328
Powell’s legacy, 335
scope of mission, 281–82
Walcott at, 335
geologic mapping, 283–84, 291–92, 341
geologic time, 19–20, 260–61
geology, 22, 42, 125, 139–40, 185–86, 281–82
arguments over, 250–51
Powell’s contributions to, 178
revolutionary aspects of, 19–20
See also United State Geological Survey
geomorphology, 178–79
German revolutions of 1848, 51, 248
Giddings, Joshua, 15
Gila River, 304
Gilbert, Bessie, 287
Gilbert, Grove Karl “G.K.”, 273, 286
coal-gas poisoning of family, 287
Powell survey work, 239–40, 241, 250, 259, 260, 274, 304, 311
Senate hearings, 314
Wheeler survey work, 221, 222, 236, 239
Gilded Age, 222, 289, 323
Gilder, Richard Watson, 318
Gilpin, William, 255–59, 262, 328–29
attacks idea of Great American Desert, 255–56
Isothermal Zodiac theory of, 256–57
and Manifest Destiny, 258
glaciology, 42
Glen Canyon, 154, 181, 205
Glen Canyon Dam, 338–39
gold, 78, 79–80, 276
Goodman, Frank
background of, 113
in Colorado River Expedition, 113, 115, 116, 125, 127–29, 137–38, 143
leaves expedition, 143, 175
nearly drowns, 127–29
Gore Pass, 101
Gorman, Arthur Pue, 315
“Go West, young man” (Greeley), 25
Grafton, 228
Grand Canyon
Colorado River Expedition of 1869, 154–69
Colorado River Expedition of 1871-1872, 182, 201–11
first explorations of, 83–85
Ives’ expedition, 83–85, 109
Moran’s paintings of, 227–29, 231–32, 233
Newberry’s journey, 109–10
Paiute Indian run, 106
Powell’s initial idea to explore, 82, 86, 87, 89–90
Powell’s last visit of 1891, 326–27
Wheeler’s expedition, 221–22
White’s alleged run, 106–8, 109
Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone (Moran), 219, 231
Grand Lake, 98
Grand Opera House (Los Angeles), 329–32
Grand River
Colorado River Expedition of 1869, 143, 147–48
junction of, with Green River, 87, 89, 104, 143, 147–48, 204
Rocky Mountain expedition, 86, 87, 98
Grand Tetons, 82, 224
Grand Wash, 163, 168, 182
Grand Wash Cliffs, 108
Grant, Ulysses S., 175, 236
in Civil War, 50–52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59–66, 68, 175
corruption in administration, 248–49, 268
election of 1880 and, 277
Indian policy, 227, 248–49
Powell’s Colorado River Expedition, 89–90, 91–92, 111
Powell meets, 50
Powell’s Rocky Mountain expeditions, 76–77
Powell’s survey work, 239, 248
Yellowstone National Park and, 219
Gray Canyon, 146, 147
grazing, 270–71, 318, 319, 340
Great American Desert, 253–56
Great Basin Mess, 287–88, 324, 335
Great Diamond Hoax, 222–23
Great Northern Railway, 257–58
Great Salt Lake, 25, 182, 259
Great Uinta Valley, 140
Greeley, Horace, 25
Green, James, 123
Green River
damming, 338
elevation drop, 105, 126, 144
Frémont’s expedition, 83
junction of, with Grand River, 87, 89, 104, 143, 147–48, 204
Newberry’s journey, 85, 109–10
potential waterfalls, 108–9
Powell’s expeditions. See Colorado River Exploring Expedition of 1869; Colorado River Exploring Expedition of 1871-1872
Powell’s reconnaissance of, 100–101
Green River City, Wyoming Territory, 101, 105, 110–11, 113, 201
Green River, Utah Territory, 171
Grey, Zane, 223, 336
Gross, Samuel, 59
Guiteau, Charles J., 279
Gulf of California, 83, 104, 106, 170
Gunnison, John Williams, 83
Gunnison’s Crossing, 204
Haight, Isaac C., 205
Hale, Eugene, 292–93
Hall, Andy
background of, 113
in Colorado River Expedition, 113, 116, 117, 119, 140, 143, 153, 157, 164, 165, 166, 167
post-expedition life of, 170
Halleck, Henry, 52
Hamblin, Jacob, 183–85
background of, 182, 183–84
conversion to Mormonism, 182, 183
Dirty Devil and, 201, 204, 205
Grand Canyon expedition, 163, 182
Indian relations, 183–85, 188, 190–93, 195, 196–98
Navajo powwow with Powell, 196–98
Powell’s Colorado River Expedition, 201, 204, 205
Shivwits powwow with Powell, 190–93
Hamilton, Alexander, 266
Hance Rapid, 156–57
Hancock, Winfield Scott, 277
Hanson, Knud, 172
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 223–24
Harrison, Benjamin, 303
Harvard University, 287, 295, 299
Haskell, Dudley C., 270, 271
Hattan, Andy, 210
Hawkins, Billy
background of, 102
in Colorado River Expedition, 102, 116, 117, 134–36, 140, 143, 153, 157–58, 164–68
post-expedition life of, 169–70
Hay, John, 318
Hayden, Ferdinand
background of, 216–18
Centennial Exposition, 244
Co
lorado Rockies survey, 225–26
fighting among survey leaders, 215, 224–26, 234–35, 247–48, 249–51, 262, 263–64, 267, 268–69, 271–72
House testimony, 258
public relations of, 244, 246–47
“rain follows the plow” theory and, 258
survey work, 215, 216–19, 223, 224–26, 227, 236–37, 239, 240, 246–51, 260, 266, 271–72, 278, 294
Townsend Hearings, 234–36, 242
Yellowstone survey, 218–19, 233
Hayes, Rutherford, 248, 272, 277
hedgerows, 37
Heidelberg University, 299
Hell’s Half Mile, 133–34
Hemings, Sally, 14
Hennepin School, 43
Henry, Joseph, 77–78, 90, 218, 263
Henry Mountains, 209, 250
Herbert, Hilary, 290–91, 293–98
Hewitt, Abram, 248, 263, 268–70
Hill, J. J., 258
Hillers, John K. “Jack”
background of, 200–201
photography of, 227, 241, 275, 285
in second Colorado River Expedition, 200–201, 210–11
Hilts, Ezra, 72
Histoire Naturelle (Buffon), 42–43
Holman, W. S., 247
Holmes, William H., 218, 240, 275, 285
Homestead Act of 1862, 261, 263
Homesteading, 261, 263, 320
Hood, John Bell, 68–69
Hooe Iron Building, 284–86, 287, 289
Hook, Theodore, 111
Hooker, Joseph, 268–69
Hoover, Herbert, 339
Hoover Dam, 334, 338–39, 340
Hopi Indians, 194–95, 198, 208, 238
Hopkins, Johns, 335
Hornet’s Nest, 55–58
Horseshoe Canyon, 121
Hot Sulphur Springs, 100, 147–48
House Committee on Public Lands. See Townsend Hearings
Howard, O. O., 68
Howells, William Dean, 214, 245
Howland, Oramel, 94, 205
abandoning the expedition, 162–66, 174–76
in Colorado River Expedition, 102–3, 111, 116, 117, 126–31, 135–36, 137, 140, 153, 158, 162–65
disappearance of, 171–74, 188, 190–93, 200
Powell compares to King Lear, 175
responsibility in wreck of No Name, 129–30
Howland, Seneca
abandoning the expedition, 162–66, 174–76
in Colorado River Expedition, 102–3, 111, 116, 127–28, 162–65
disappearance of, 171–74, 188, 190–93, 200
Hudson’s Bay Company, 113, 124
Hughes, Langston, 14
Humboldt, Alexander von, 3, 256
Humphreys, Andrew A., 214, 234–35, 270
Hunt, Alexander, 95
hunting
on Colorado River Exploring Expedition, 114, 143, 148
Hutchinson, C. I., 30–32
hydrographic basins, 3, 318–19