Murtha, John, 207, 328
NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), 13, 24–25, 35–36
nacelles, 118, 126, 133, 135, 151, 163, 322, 324, 325, 336, 342, 346, 349–50, 354, 363
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 13, 33, 35–38, 48–49, 83, 144–45, 159–60, 359
Ames Research Center of, 38, 48, 72, 73, 95, 145, 196, 333
Army’s joint tiltrotor project with, see Bell XV-15
convertiplane competition financed by, 35–38
marketing personnel disliked by, 43–44
Paris Air Show and, 81, 95
space program of, 27, 39, 73, 95, 156
study committee of, 333–39, 340, 341, 342, 343
National Aeronautic Association, 16
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, 395
National Security Act (1947), 55–56
Naval Air Systems Command (Navair), 14, 73–76, 85, 87–88, 90, 96–97, 103–4, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 126, 128, 129–30, 131–32, 133–34, 136, 137, 140, 147–52, 164, 165, 184, 199, 206, 230–31, 237–38, 247, 248, 255, 289, 322, 325, 331, 333, 334–35, 340, 341, 351, 358, 359, 394
Navy, U.S., 15, 40–41, 53, 55, 56, 60, 63, 65, 69, 70, 76, 98, 130, 282, 361
aircraft carriers of, 10, 46, 50, 62, 67, 84–85, 126
antisubmarine warfare of, 28, 50, 159, 161
Black Hawk helicopters bought by, 139
budget of, 88, 159
F-14 Tomcat of, 90, 173, 182–83
Operational Test and Evaluation Force of, 257, 289–90, 363–64, 365
projected V-22 purchases of, 98, 159, 161, 245, 369, 394
600—ship, 84–85, 97
size of, 53
VSTOL aircraft desired by, 89–90
VTOL designs funded by, 33
Navy Annex, 71, 75
Navy Department, U.S., 15, 17, 54, 55, 71, 73, 83–85, 86–87, 90, 99, 138, 201, 208, 234–36, 288, 289–90, 308, 310, 313, 330
see also Lehman, John Francis, Jr.
Necessary, Douglas, 152–53
Nelson, Bryan, 274
New River crash, 3, 286–87, 290–304, 306, 317, 325, 349, 386
crash investigation of, 300, 311, 321–24
crash site of, 293–94, 297–99
hydraulic system failure in, 294–296, 311, 321, 322–24
LRIP “Crossbow 08” in, 292–99, 311
media coverage of, 299–301, 302–4, 309–16
premonitions of, 291, 294
New River Marine Corps Air Station, 3–4, 257–58, 276, 286–316, 348, 349, 371–75, 395
night-vision goggles, 61, 62, 65, 263–264, 265, 266, 270–71, 273, 291
Norwine, Phil, 45, 48, 93
Nunn, Sam, 170, 179
Obama, Barack, 394, 395
Oberstar, James, 188, 189, 330
oil seal installation, 236–37
O’Keefe, Sean, 194, 207–8, 211, 213, 234
Okoreeh-Baah, Elizabeth, 374
“One of Our Simple Problems” (Davis), 107–8, 116
OPEVAL (Operational Evaluation), 251–53, 257–85, 286–90, 309, 329, 336, 337, 348, 366
availability rate in, 288–289, 290
computerized maintenance system of, 289
flight clearance placard of, 261–62, 283, 285
flight envelope testing in, 282–83, 288
full-mission-capable rate in, 289
hydraulic lines failures in, 290
maintenance in, 258–59, 287–90, 304, 306, 311, 319, 325
mission-capable rate in, 252, 288–89, 305
mock missions in, 2–3, 244, 251–52, 258, 262–74; see also Marana crash
“not operationally suitable” ruling in, 289–90, 300, 304, 313, 319, 323, 324, 328
parts shortages in, 258, 288, 289, 304, 325
readiness rate in, 258–59, 304
reliability in, 288, 289–90, 304, 311, 325
shipboard testing in, 258
testing requirements waived in, 288, 313
time pressure on, 258, 276–77, 280, 282–83, 287, 289
OPEVAL II, 363–69
Orsi, Giuseppe, 396
oscillographs, 37–38, 40
osprey (Pandion haliaetus), 136
Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, Shah of Iran, 47–48, 77–78
Paris Air Show, 46–47, 77–86, 93, 94, 134, 145, 241, 254, 255, 327
Bell chalet at, 77, 83, 85–86, 94, 182
XV-15’s performance at, 82–83, 95, 111
Pattillo, Donald M., 15
Patuxent River Naval Air Station, 248, 249–51, 257, 258, 259, 278, 280, 283, 308–9, 345, 349–50
Peck, William, 117, 127, 128
Pentagon, 3, 4, 15, 28, 45, 69–72, 75, 89–91, 92, 93, 111, 115, 116, 137–42, 152–55, 160, 169, 171, 178, 184, 190–91, 203, 204, 231, 234, 255–56, 325, 340, 389
Acquisition Decision Memoranda of, 359–60
action officers in, 70–72, 87, 153
Defense Acquisition Board of, 247, 359–60, 369
Defense Resources Board (DRB) of, 138, 141, 173
Defense Systems Acquisition Review Council of, 154, 157
FRP approval by, see FRP
Headquarters Marine Corps in, 4, 71–72, 75, 85–88, 138, 213, 257, 277, 301, 364–65
Joint Requirements Oversight Council of, 248
Operational Test and Evaluation office of, 250, 252, 257, 286, 289–90, 334, 338, 365, 369, 375
press briefings at, 243, 277–78, 279–285, 299–301, 311–12, 360, 386
in procurement process, 92, 99, 147
Program Analysis and Evaluation (PA&E) office of, 139, 152, 153–54, 172–73, 180, 244
Tiltrotor Technology Day at, 240–43
pilots, rescue of, 23–24, 32, 50, 56, 327
Fulton Pickup System for, 39–41, 142
Pitcairn, Harold F., 15–18, 30
Pitman, Charles “Chuck,” 180–81
Platt, Haviland H., 21, 30–31
Pogo (“tail-sitter”) aircraft, 33
power settling, 281–82
Pratt & Whitney, 150–52
Primary Flight Control System (PFCS) reset button, 295–96, 322, 323, 324
Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics (Leishman), 337
production models, 177, 184, 193, 194–99, 241–243, 278, 300, 343, 350
LRIP, 241–43, 247–48, 251, 252–53, 258, 261, 287, 288–89, 292–99, 311, 335
mechanical problems of, 242–43
redesigned B, 245–47
at Tiltrotor Technology Day, 241–43, 248
propellers, 11, 15, 33–34, 112
propulsion, methods of, 33, 35
prototypes, 104, 117, 120, 128–29, 131, 133, 134, 147, 149, 159, 160, 161–67, 183–84, 193–99, 204, 205–8, 245, 248, 249–52
Aircraft 1, 162–67, 202
Aircraft 4, see Aircraft 4
Aircraft 5, crash of, 196–99, 200–202, 217, 247, 313
EMD, 237–38, 245–47, 248, 249–50
FOD and, 197, 201–2
FSD, 147–48, 247
prototypes (cont.)
in 1995 Paris Air Show, 255
Number 10, 349–50
P-39 Airacobra, 23
Pushing the Envelope (Pattillo), 15
pylon driveshaft, 235–36, 246
pylons:
outrigger, 19
wingtip, 36
Quad TiltRotor (QTR), 2, 241, 275, 317, 388
Quayle, Dan, 233–34, 238, 245
radar landing approaches, 293–94
Ramsey, Christopher, 306–7, 344
Rather, Dan, 310–11
Ray, James G., 10, 16, 189
Rayburn, Bob, 215, 219–33, 237
Rayburn, Dorothy, 237
Reagan, Ronald, 65, 83, 84–85, 102, 104, 137, 145, 146, 170, 187
1980 campaign promises of, 68–69, 89
relative wind, 11, 24
Renouard, Ed, 238
Richards, Ann, 208–9
Rivolo, Arthur
“Rex,” 334–38, 339, 351–352, 358, 366, 375–76, 377–78
Rock, Paul J., Jr., 3–4, 252–53, 260, 266, 273, 274, 275, 298, 299, 343–46, 347, 348, 349, 360–65, 370–89, 395
rotating wing, 11–13, 18–25, 57
Rotating Wing Aircraft Meeting (1938), 18–21, 25, 30
Herrick’s poem for, 107–8
Rotor & Wing International conference, 179–80
rotor blades, 7, 10–11, 12, 21, 33, 37, 41–42, 112, 117, 249, 288, 327
advancing blade of, 24
air flows created by, 355–56
“broomstraw” of, 335
composite, 119
disk loading of, 114, 166, 195, 327–28, 352–53, 356
downwash of, 166, 242, 265, 281–282, 326, 329, 334, 337–38, 342, 352–53, 364
lift provided by, 10–11, 24, 114
pitch of, 24
proprotor, 108, 112, 113, 117–18, 119, 120, 130, 133, 135, 141, 327–28, 329, 334, 335–36, 337, 338–39, 342, 343, 347
retreating blade of, 24, 35, 181
variable-length, 396
see also vortex ring state
rotor disk, 281, 282, 328
rotor grips, 120–22, 206
Rumberger, William, 124, 127–29, 246
Rumsfeld, Donald, 170, 312, 315–16, 329
Runnels, Avely, 292, 293–99, 306, 307
Ryan, Paul, 353–54
Ryan VZ-3 “deflected airstream” aircraft, 33–34
safety, 10, 11, 16–17, 19
Saipan, USS, 258
Schaefer, James H., 59–68, 193–99, 205–7, 226, 238, 259
Aircraft 4 crash and, 230–31, 233
background of, 63–64
in Desert One debacle, 64–65, 67–68, 181
at MAWTS-1, 63–64, 65–68
personality of, 66
prototype testing and, 194–96, 198
Schafer, James B. “Trigger,” 259–60, 266, 273, 274
Schenk, Howard, 38–39
Scheuren, William, 89–91, 96, 97
Schleining, James, 305–6, 344
Schmidt, Nolan, 282
Schultz, Daniel, 349–50, 352, 359
Seiffert, Ed, 62
self-deployment, 244, 248, 377
Senate, U.S., 85–86, 92, 102–3, 168–170, 176, 183–84
Armed Services Committee of, 85, 99, 169–70, 178–79, 180, 203–4, 244, 315–16
Defense Appropriations Subcommittee of, 138–40, 142, 191–93, 207–8
military confirmation hearings of, 178
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 340–41, 392
Seymour, Christopher, 364, 367–68
Seymour, Richard, 88, 91, 96–97
Shaffer, James, 241–43, 252–53, 259, 260, 261–62, 274
Sharp, James, 263, 265, 272
Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich, 21–22, 320, 396
Sikorsky Aircraft Company, 22, 23, 99, 101–2, 103, 104, 190, 320
Advancing Blade Concept helicopter of, 98, 102
convertiplane design of, 36
V-22 evaluated by, 191–92
Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion, 57, 60, 63, 98, 173, 192, 259, 379
Sikorsky HH-3 “Jolly Green Giant,” 327, 328–29
Sikorsky RH-53D Sea Stallion, 59–65
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, 20, 78, 111, 139–40, 173, 191–92, 319, 320, 369
Sikorsky VS-300, 22
Simmons, L. Dean, 191–92
60 Minutes, 302–4, 308, 309–11, 312–314, 320, 369
slip rings, 223, 380
Soviet Union, 28, 31, 33, 58, 69, 87, 88, 113, 155, 168, 171
Soviet YAK-38 “Forger,” 34
Spaid, Wesley, 379
Specter, Arlen, 192–93, 212
Spivey, Brett, 46, 48, 67, 182
Spivey, Eric, 46, 48, 182
Spivey, Janis Lee Glanzer, 38–39, 46, 48, 51
Spivey, Richard F., 1–3, 14, 15, 17, 22, 26–51, 76, 95, 96–97, 98–99, 110–11, 137, 148–49, 152, 157, 160, 167, 169, 170, 208–10, 238–39, 240–43, 274–75, 317–321, 387–89
background of, 26
Bell-Boeing partnership and, 101–2
Cheney’s cancellation and, 170, 171–72, 181–82, 184, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 205–6, 238–39
civilian tiltrotors marketed by, 253–57
clothing worn by, 7, 42
data reduction task of, 37–38, 40
“Dick” as nickname of, 28
divorce of, 51
Dunn and, 331–32
at Georgia Tech, 26–27, 29, 38, 39–40
hang glider designed by, 39
JVX and, 7–8, 14, 98–99, 100, 101–2, 103–5, 142–46
lobbying by, 94–95
Magnus and, 72, 99, 142–43, 255–56
marriage of, 38–39
at MAWTS-1, 65–68
on NASA study committee, 333–334, 337, 338–39
Paris Air Show and, 79, 81, 83, 85–86
patents held by, 7, 41
personality of, 42, 45
remarriage of, 7, 103
retirement party of, 387–88
Spivey, Richard F. (cont.)
rotor blades designed by, 41–42
tiltrotor briefings delivered by, 38, 49–51, 59, 65–68, 72, 87, 100, 143–44, 181, 182, 208, 209, 387–88
titles of, 75
Whisper Tip designed by, 41, 42
XV-15 rapid conversion maneuver filmed by, 79–81
stabilizer bar, 21
Stansbury, Dick, 36–37
Stecyk, Anthony, 162, 214–15, 217, 219–33
Stecyk, Michelle, 162, 214–15, 217, 219–20, 230, 233, 237
Stevens, Ted, 138–40, 142, 176
strain gauges, 37–38, 74, 80, 166, 249, 254
Sullivan, Pat, 217–33, 235, 236, 237
swashplate actuators, 258
Sweaney, Carol, 252, 286, 302–3, 308, 315
Sweaney, Katrina, 291
Sweaney, Keith M., 241–43, 252, 259–260, 274, 276–77, 280, 334
in New River crash, 286–87, 290–301, 302–3, 314, 315, 322–24
“tail-sitter” (Pogo) aircraft, 33
Textron Inc., 81, 122, 123, 124, 148–49, 165, 169–70, 181–82, 205, 210
Thayer, Paul, 84, 141
Thomason, Tommy H., 49, 80–81
Thompson, Mark, 371, 377–79, 383
thrust, 10–11, 31, 33–34, 114
Thrust Control Lever (TCL), 157–59, 200–202, 246–47, 384
“collective dyslexia” caused by, 200–201, 247
tiltrotors, 7–8, 14, 17, 19, 20, 29–31, 35, 72, 73, 76, 77–106, 108–12, 134–35, 301, 302, 317, 318, 326, 347, 376, 388–89
airspeed of, 97, 98, 192
altitude capability of, 98, 112
in civilian aviation, 95, 100, 101, 111, 144, 145–46, 159–60, 173, 179, 182, 186, 188, 189, 203, 209–10, 232, 253–57, 334, 389, 395–94
configuration of, 117–18, 396
conversion modes of, 250
as dual-use technology, 237
hovering by, 112
Japanese interest in, 187, 253, 254
in joint armed services program, see JVX
Lehman’s advocacy of, 85, 88, 91, 94, 99, 103, 137, 204–5, 377
Platt-Lepage, 31
vortex ring state vulnerability of, 325, 329, 334, 336–39, 340, 342, 350, 351, 352–53, 356–59, 394
XV-3 convertiplane, 36–38
see also Bell XV-15
tiltrotors, marketing of, 38, 59, 65–68, 72, 78–86, 87, 95–97, 100, 110–112, 142–46
civilian aircraft in, 253–57, 395–94
as “national asset,” 145–46, 157, 159–60, 171–72, 209–10
prospective foreign sales of, 182, 253–54, 255, 256–57
see also Bell XV-15, as marketing tool; Spivey, Richard F.
Tiltrotor Technology Day, 240–43, 248, 251, 252–53
tiltwings, 49, 101, 254
Canadian CL-84, 58–59, 73
Torres, John T., 279–
80
Tower, John Goodwin, 84, 85–86, 99, 100, 101, 168–70
Transcendental Aircraft Company, 31
Trautman, George, 386
Troutman, George G., 93–95, 96, 101–2, 139, 143, 181, 188–89, 327, 332
Truman, Harry S., 55, 56
Trump, Donald, 316
TRW Inc., 89
United Auto Workers (UAW), 203, 234
“vectored thrust” aircraft, 34
Vertaplane, 12–13, 19, 20
Vietnam War, 41, 46, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 65, 69, 71, 78, 87, 90, 109, 113, 276, 287, 327, 335, 393
VMM-162, 386
VMM-263 squadron (Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 263), 370–87, 388, 393, 394
at Al Asad Air Base, 365, 372, 373, 376, 377, 379–87
combat zone flight of, 384–85
families of, 371–75, 378–79
mechanical breakdowns and, 379–80
nickname of, 372
personnel of, 372–73
readiness rate of, 380
ready room of, 383–84
successful missions of, 385–86
VMMT-204 training squadron, 287–288, 289, 291–316, 317, 322–23, 324, 348, 349–50, 373, 395
computerized maintenance reporting system of, 305, 306–8, 310; see also maintenance scandal, VMMT-204
grounding at, 343–46, 360–64, 373
readiness rate of, 304–8, 344
see also New River crash
VMX-22 squadron, 363–69, 373
vortex ring state, 281–83, 285, 287, 288, 300, 319, 333, 343, 355–59, 360
tiltrotor vulnerability to, 325, 329, 334, 336–39, 340, 342, 350, 351, 352–53, 356–59, 394
VSTOL (vertical or short take off and landing), 88–106
see also JVX
VTOL (Vertical Take Off and Landing) aircraft, 7–25, 31, 33–36, 56–59
aviation pioneers’ quest for, 8–25
capabilities of, 7–8, 9–10, 17
conversion and propulsion methods paired in, 33, 35
experimental designs for, 33–34
fuel-burning rate of, 34
hovering by, 9, 12
passenger jet, 34
weight penalty of, 34–35
vyros, 201–2, 313
Wallace, Mike, 302–4, 308, 309–11, 312–14, 315
Walters, Glenn, 364–67
War Department, U.S., 15, 17–18, 55
Warren, Tom, 188, 189
Wasp, USS, 195, 206, 370–71, 377, 379–80
Welch, Larry D., 178, 180
Weldon, Curt, 174–75, 176, 182–87, 188, 189, 190, 199, 203, 205–8, 210, 211–12, 231–32, 234, 238, 241, 279, 288, 313, 316, 321, 330–31, 341
Wernicke, Kenneth G., 30, 35, 48, 49, 167
JVX and, 108–15, 117, 118, 127, 133–35, 389
tiltrotor engineering team headed by, 108–12
Wernicke, Rodney, 49, 67, 109
Westman, Mike, 259, 265, 266, 272, 273, 274, 277
The Dream Machine Page 59
