herbal medicine 125
Hesse, Hermann 262
Heys, T. Heyward 75
Hinduism/Hindus 206–7, 258
Hippocrates/Hippocratic oath 13–14, 20, 27, 28, 62, 123
Hodge, Private Donald 39
Hoffman, Dr Rolla E. 115, 116, 117, 119, 120
Holocene epoch 277
Holst, Gustav: The Planets 30
homeopathy 121, 125, 235, 236
honeybees 89
Hong Kong 169
bird flu (1997) 189, 276
‘Hong Kong flu’ (1968) 186, 199
SARS (2003) 62
Hopei province, China 158, 170
horse flu 197, 198–9
Hotovitzky, Father Dimitri (‘Father Hot Whiskey’) 143, 148
House, Edward 251
Hultin, Dr Johan 190–91, 196, 232
‘humours’, the four 14
Hundred Years War (1337–1453) 290
Hungary 45, 202
hunter-gatherers 15–16, 20
Hussein, Imam 119
Hylan, John 111
Ibarra, Dr Luis 82
Ice Age, Little 22
Iceland 93
Igbo, the 65
Igyararmuit, Alaska 147–8
Iijima, Wataru 169–70
immune system, human 26, 181, 185, 191, 192, 194, 195–6, 206, 208, 217, 278, 281
immunity 16, 18, 19, 20, 95, 98, 109, 180, 185, 278
‘herd immunity’ 280, 281
Inca Empire 22
India 7, 43, 215–16, 254, 255–8
adivasis (‘scheduled tribes’) 258
Amritsar massacre (1919) 259–60
Ayurveda 125, 257–8
and British rule 99–100, 113, 139, 254, 255, 256
fertility rates post-flu 216
flu mortality rates 169, 170, 202, 203, 206—7, 270
Hinduism 206–7
hospital sweepers 138–9
independence movement 8, 254–5, 256, 257, 258, 260
literature 270–71
plague (1896–1914) 139
witch doctors 125
writers 270–71
see also Bombay; Gandhi, Mohandas
Indian National Congress party 260
Industrial Revolution 23
‘influenza’ 22–3, 64
insurance, health 31, 240
in USA 229, 243
interferon 192, 208, 209
International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva 168–9, 245
International Office of Public Hygiene, Paris 94, 245
iodine 123
Iquitos, Peru 45
Iran see Mashed; Persia; Tehran
Iraq 19, 250
Ireland 75
writers 27, 234, 263, 266
Islam/Muslims 112, 115, 117, 119, 126, 137, 258
‘Israelites, the’ (Christian movement) 225–6
Italy/Italians 20, 22–3, 38, 43, 102–3, 198
Black Death 139–40
literature 262, 266
olive tree disease 282–3
World War I deaths 6
see also New York City; Rome
Ivanovksy, Dmitri 26–7
Ivory Coast 236
Iwaszkiewicz, Jarosław 265—6
The Maids of Wilko 229
Jacobs, Dr Maurice 138
Jamanta see Cordeiro, José Luís
Japan/Japanese 38, 43, 45, 64, 269
and China 70, 71, 154, 251
eugenics 29
kanpo 125
and Korea 99, 154. 203, 254
literature 264
mask-wearing 1, 97
Jaroslav (troopship) 41, 204
Jebb, Eglantyne 246
Jenner, Edward 98
Jews/Jewish communities
and anti-Semitism 128, 245
‘black weddings’ 126, 131–2, 133
and Buber 267
in New York 126
in Odessa 126, 127, 128–9, 131–2, 134, 135, 236
Talmud 5
and tuberculosis 107
in Zamora 205
Johannesburg 204
Johnson, J. Franklin 203–4
Johnson, Niall 170–71
Jolobe, James: ‘Ingqawule’ 224
Jones, Ernest 266
Jordan, Edwin 166, 167, 170
Josephina 225
Joyce, James: Ulysses 27, 263
Judaism 137
see Jews/Jewish communities
Jung, Carl Gustav 40
Jünger, Ernst: Storm of Steel 248
Kaffa (Feodosia, Ukraine) 76
Kafka, Franz 42, 266–7
Kansas 163, 165, 189, 197
see also Camp Funston
Keegan, John 180
Kemal, Mustafa (‘Atatürk’) 39–40
Keynes, John Maynard: The Economic Consequences of the Peace 249–50
Kheda, India 255, 256, 258
Kholodnaya, Vera 129–30, 133–5
Kiev, Ukraine 129, 131, 133
Kimberley diamond mines, South Africa 77–8, 204, 223
King, Captain James Joseph 153–4
Klimt, Gustav 234, 239, 262
Medicine 234, 239
Knoll, Max 184
Koch, Robert 25, 27, 66, 154
Koo, Wellington 250
Korea 99, 154, 203, 254
Künz, Ernst 240–41, 243
Kurowsky, Agnes von 262
Lacassagne, Antoine 177–8, 180
La Guardia, Fiorello 112
Lancet (journal) 161
Landauer, Gustav 267
Lantis, Margaret: ‘The Religion of the Eskimos’ 142
Last Tango (film) 133
Lawrence, D. H. 264
Lady Chatterley’s Lover 264
Lawrence, T. E. 250
‘lazarettos’ 91
League of Nations 242, 246, 251
Lebailly, Charles 179, 180
Léderrey, Ernest 168–9
Leeuwenhoek, Antony van 25
Leibniz, Gottfried 29 and n, 262
Lenin, Vladimir 67, 241, 252
leprosy 16, 232
Leviathan, SS 41, 47–8, 104
Liberal, El (newspaper) 81
life expectancy 217
Lima, Peru 44, 45
Lima Barreto, Afonso Henriques de: Cemetery of the Living 269
Lincean Academy, Rome 238
literature
American 262, 264, 265, 266
Brazilian 268–9
British 263, 264, 265
Chinese 269–70
German 262–3
Indian 270–71
Irish 27, 234, 263, 266
Italian 262, 266
Japanese 264
Odessan 131, 135
Spanish 267–8
Livy: History of Rome 20
Lloyd George, David 132–3, 250
Loewenstein, Sophie (née Freud) 266
London 41–2, 44, 103, 264
cholera 27–8
Great Plague (1665) 136
the ‘Great Stink’ 27–8
Lu Xun 269, 270
‘Medicine’ 269–70
Ludendorff, General Erich 39, 247, 249, 250
Lust, Benedict 235
Lynn, Kathleen 75–6
Lyons, France 77
McAlmon, Robert 80
McBride, Theresa: The Domestic Revolution 203
McGillycuddy, Julia Blanchard 146
McGillycuddy, Dr Valentine 124, 145–6, 147, 148
Madrid, Spain 63, 267
Real Madrid Football Club 236
Majmundar, Gangabehn 258
Majorca 28, 209
malaria 16, 95, 122, 128, 206, 216
Mamelund, Svenn-Erik 219
Manchuria 154, 169
see also Harbin
Mandela, Nelson 30
Manila, Philippines 94
Mann, Thomas: The Magic Mountain 262
Mansfield, Katherine 262
Marajó Island, Brazil 44
Marañón, Gregorio 267–8
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Marblehead, USS 145–6, 148
Marquet, Mary 294
Martinique 41
Marto, Francisco and Jacinta 78–9
Mary I, of England 20
Mashed (Mashhad), Persia 7, 43, 92, 112–20
American Hospital 115, 119
the British 114–15, 117
burials/graves 116, 117, 118, 120
cholera 115, 116, 117
Muharram processions 119
Reza Shrine 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118
masks, wearing of 1, 97, 103, 205
Massine, Léonide 41–2
Mau, the 253
Maurois, André 29, 177, 262
Mbeki, Thabo, President of South Africa 283
measles 16, 17, 142
Mechnikov, Ilya 26, 128, 154, 175, 179, 235
medicines 124–5
see also alternative medicine; antibiotics; drugs
Medina del Campo, Spain 95
Mehta, Kalyanji 257, 258, 259
Mehta, Kunvarji 257, 258, 260
melancholia, post-flu 218–20, 229, 293
meningitis 43
Menninger, Karl 220
mercury 124, 145–6
Miami, Florida 197
‘miasma’ 14, 27–8, 75, 125
microbes 14, 16–17, 26
microscopes 184
electron microscopes 184, 190, 272–3
Milan, Italy 43
Miller, Katherine 141, 146–7, 149
Miller, William 115–16, 119
Miner, Dr Loring 163
Miró, Joan 30
missionaries 138
in Africa 224, 237
American 71, 72, 74, 115, 116, 117, 246, 255
in China 7, 71, 72, 74, 156, 158, 169
in India 206–7
in Mashed, Persia 115, 117, 119
Modernism 265
Mole, Arthur 289
Sincerely Yours, Woodrow Wilson 286–7, 289
‘molecular clocks’ 196–7, 198, 199, 280–81
molecular genetics 31
monkey pox 62
Montreal, Canada 75
Morens, David 199, 275
Mormons 207–8
Moscow 4, 43, 67, 127, 129, 134
Moss, Cynthia 89–90
Müller, Jürgen 170–71
Mumbai see Bombay
mumps 17
Munch, Edvard 24, 219–20
The Scream 24, 219
Murnau, F. W.: Nosferatu (film) 266
Mushanokōji, Saneatsu 264
Love and Death 264
music, post-flu 261, 265–6
Muslims see Islam
mustard gas 161, 194
N see neuraminidase
N1 antigen 196
Nairobi, Kenya 44
‘Naples Soldier’ 63, 81, 95
Napoleon, Harold 233
Yuuyaraq 233
Napoleonic Army 67
National Academy of Medicine, US 275
National Institute for Medical Research, London 181
National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 193–4
Native Americans 21
natural selection 17, 29
naturopathy 121, 235, 236, 238
Nava, José 49
Nazi Party 238–9
abortions 244
eugenics 244, 246
healthcare 243–4
‘sterilisation law’ 244
Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 208
Nemolovsky, Alexander, Archbishop 148
Netherlands: horse flu 199
neuraminidase (N antigen) 184, 185, 186
New Idria mercury mines, California 124, 145–6
New Orleans 102
newspapers 54, 79, 81, 82, 83, 102, 108–11, 203–4, 259, 260
New York City 41, 43, 44–5, 92, 103–5, 164, 176
Bellevue Hospital, Manhattan 107
Calvary Cemetery 110–11
Church of Our Lady of Pompeii, Greenwich Village 110
first public housing project 112
funerals 110–11
Italian-Americans 7, 105–12, 126, 202, 203, 222, 236
Jewish ‘black wedding’ 126
Mount Carmel Hospital 222
Mount Hebron Cemetery 126
public health campaigns 105, 109
schools 104, 108–9
New York Times 38, 234–5, 236
New Zealand 93, 94, 205, 253
Nicolle, Charles 179, 180
Nigeria: the Igbo 65
NIH see National Institutes of Health
Niña, La 276–7
Niño, El 276–7
Nirala (poet) 270–71
‘Beggar’ 271
Nkwenkwe, Bungu 223
Nkwenkwe, Nontetha 221, 222–7, 237
Nobel Prize winners 26, 30, 95, 136–7, 175, 215, 270
‘nocebos’ 125–6
North China Herald 170
North Manchurian Plague Prevention Service 242
Norway/Norwegians 24, 103, 202
baby boom (1920) 216
melancholia 219–20
Nosferatu (film) 266
Nushagak, Alaska 148
Odessa, Russia (Ukraine) 7, 38, 126–7, 129, 130–31, 133
Bacteriological Station 128, 129
cholera 130, 131, 132
Jewish ‘black weddings’ 131–2, 133
Jewish cemeteries 131–2, 135
Jewish community 126, 127, 128–9, 131–2, 134, 135
Jewish Hospital 129, 130, 132, 168
Old City Hospital 167–8
plague cemeteries 127
University 129, 135
see also Kholodnaya, Vera
olive tree disease 282–3
O’Neill, Eugene: The Straw 263
orphans 4, 5, 12, 147, 149, 212–13, 229, 230–31, 232, 283, 294
Osler, William 45
Oslo, Norway 202
osteopathy 121
Ottoman Empire 113, 250, 267
Outbreak (film) 275, 282
Owen, Wilfred 161
owls 75, 277
Oxford, John 162, 189
P, Rolando 221, 222
Pacific Islands/Islanders 21, 205
Pakistan 115, 202
palaeoclimatology 21, 22
Palestine 267
Palma, Majorca 28, 209
Pan American Health Organization 246
‘pandemics’ 3, 4, 5–6, 21, 22, 182, 275
as acts of God 292
flu 6–9, 182, 185–6, 275, 276, 293
predicting 276, 277–9
Paranhos da Beira, Portugal 75
Parikh, Shankarlal 258
Paris, France 3, 31, 45, 48, 63, 123–4, 175, 203
Apollinaire’s funeral 3–4
flu 250–51, 294
International Office of Public Hygiene 92, 245
peace conference 45, 245, 250
see also Pasteur Institute
Park, William 176, 177
Parkinson’s disease 221, 222
Parral, Chile 68
Pasteur, Louis 25, 26, 27, 29, 97, 98, 128, 129, 175, 210
Pasteur Institute, Paris 97, 175, 176, 178, 179, 245
see also Tehran; Tunis
Patterson, David 167, 168, 169, 170
Paula Rodrigues Alves, Francisco, President of Brazil 52, 53
Paustovksy, Konstantin 129–30, 135
Pedro II, Emperor Dom 52
Peking (Beijing) 38, 69, 170
Union Medical College 245
penicillin 238
Perinthus, Greece 13, 14
Pershing, General John ‘Black Jack’ 37
Persia (Iran) 30, 116, 119, 202, 245
and British–Russian ‘Great Game’ 43, 113, 116
railways 30
see also Mashed; Tehran
Peru 22, 44, 45
Pfeiffer, Richard 27, 38, 176, 180–81
‘Pfeiffer’s bacillus’ (Haemophilus influenzae) 27, 38, 66, 97, 98, 176, 177, 180–81, 238
phagocytosis 26
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 198, 236
Philippines, the 80, 94, 202
Picasso, Pablo 3
pigs 18, 189, 194, 197, 199
see also ‘swine flu’
Pirandello, Luigi 262
Six Characters in Search of an Author 266
Pizarro, Francisco 22
placebos 122, 125
plagues 62, 67, 70, 76, 92, 139, 154, 164, 290
Black Death 4, 8, 31, 75, 139–40, 228, 290, 291
bubonic 8, 21, 31, 73, 292, 293
Great Plague (1665) 136
Plague of Justinian 21, 290
pneumonic 8, 72, 73, 153, 155–6, 169, 188, 291–2
Planck, Max 30
Plata, La (ship) 49–50
pneumonia 23, 45, 46, 78, 98, 104, 166, 176, 187–8. 193–4, 217, 239, 242, 265
pneumonic plague 8, 72, 73, 153, 155–6, 169, 188, 291–2
Poland 38, 42, 64
music 265–6
polio 107, 242; vaccine 183, 243
Porter, Katherine Anne 264
Pale Horse, Pale Rider 48, 264, 266
Portugal/Portuguese 75, 78–9, 94–5
post-viral depression 24, 218–20, 264, 265, 283
post-viral fatigue 263, 265
Pound, Ezra 44
Prague 42, 267
Praja Bandhu (newspaper) 259
pregnant women 47, 76–7, 217, 218
Premchand, Munshi 270
The Price of Milk 270
Price-Smith, Andrew: Contagion and Chaos 249
Prideaux, Sue 219–20
Primo de Rivera, General Miguel 252
‘prions’ 209
Progresso Italo-Americano, Il (newspaper) 108, 109–10, 111
psychiatric symptoms 218, 219, 220
psychoanalysis 265, 266
public health/information campaigns 29, 53, 75, 92, 96, 97, 99–103, 104, 105, 109, 117, 205, 281–2
Puerto Rico 80
Pune, India 99–100
purgatives 123
‘purulent bronchitis’ 161–2, 221
Puzo, Mario: The Fortunate Pilgrim 107–8
Pyle, Gerald 167, 168, 169, 170
Qavam al-Saltaneh, Ahmad 112, 114, 117–18, 120
Qing dynasty (China) 69, 73, 125, 154, 156, 157
quarantine 89, 90–91, 96, 98, 101, 281
Alaska 143, 144
Australia 44
China 74, 155
Iceland 93
of Jewish refugees 245
Mashed 116
Odessa 127
Persia 116, 242
Philippines 94
Switzerland 40
Vancouver Island 159
Venice 90
quinine 122–3
rabies vaccine 98, 128
railways 30, 43, 77, 154, 170, 204, 231
Rand, Walter Charles 100
Rand gold mines, South Africa 77, 78, 204, 225
Ranger, Terence: The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19 3, 5, 8
rats 100
Ray, Rhoda 146–7
Recife, Brazil 41, 50
Red Cross 38, 44, 104
American 145
International Committee of the Red Cross 168–9, 245
Swiss 139
Reid, Ann 190, 191, 283
reportable diseases see disease surveillance systems
Reza, Imam: shrine 112
Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World Page 32
