Pope Leo XIII serve as a mediator: “Leo XIII as Mediator,” Washington Post, April 4, 1898.
“If conditions at Washington”: Woodford to WMcK, April 3, 1898, JBMP, Box 185.
“is not armistice”: Day to Woodford, April 4, 1898, Day Papers, Box 35.
A crowd of 10,000 gathered: GBC, transcript of shorthand notes, April 6, 1898, GBCP, Box 52.
“History is being made”: Ibid.
“I will not do it”: quoted in ibid.
“as soft as a chocolate éclair”: quoted in Buchanan, A Republic, Not an Empire, p. 155.
“Does the Senator”: “Lee Advised Delay,” Washington Post, April 7, 1898.
Washington recognized “the good will”: WMcK, reply to six European powers, April 7, 1898, WMcKP.
The queen regent on April 9: Woodford to Day, April 9, 1898, Day Papers, Box 35.
he obligingly praised the decision: “For Peace in Cuba,” Washington Post, April 6, 1898.
The Cabinet drew up a memorandum: “Memorandum, Department of State, April 10, 1898,” Day Papers, Box 35.
Lee left Havana: “Lee Leaves Havana,” Washington Post, April 10, 1898.
a 7,000-word “war message”: “William McKinley: War Message,” https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/mkinly2.htm.
“somewhat indefinite”: Long, p. 178.
“The message has caused great discontent”: “An Angry Congress,” New York Times, April 12, 1898.
“I have no patience”: quoted in “Comment on the Message,” New York Times, April 12, 1898.
“anemic”: quoted in ibid.
“I have some communications”: quoted in GBCD, April 12, 1898, Box 52.
a vote of 150 to 190: Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 87.
“at once relinquish”: quoted in “Cuba Must Be Free,” New York Times, April 19, 1898.
“as the true and lawful”: quoted in Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 87.
disavowed any U.S. domination: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 188.
“Until Saturday”: quoted in GBCD, April 20, 1898, Box 52.
“This is a historic occasion”: Ibid.
18. VICTORY AT SEA
a blockade of Cuba: WMcK, “Proclamation 411. Blockade of Cuba,” April 22, 1898, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/inex.php?pid=69195.
“remarkable for terseness”: “Long’s War Orders to Dewey,” New York Times, May 10, 1898.
“Dewey, Hongkong, China”: William Long telegram, April 24, 1898, WMcKP, Reel 3.
“the best fellow in the world”: Long, p. 170.
“great inventive capacity”: quoted in Spector, p. 37.
When Chandler rebuffed Roosevelt’s entreaty: Musicant, p. 113.
“Do you know any senators?”: Dewey, p. 168.
the senator seemed “delighted”: quoted in ibid., p. 169.
“is the man you want”: quoted in Healy and Kutner, p. 137.
“I am glad to appoint you”: quoted in ibid., p. 138.
“You are in error”: quoted in Dewey, p. 169.
“little pinpricking slight”: quoted in Spector, p. 38.
“little opportunity”: quoted in Musicant, p. 111.
“to carry the heaviest armor”: “Millions for the Navy,” Washington Post, March 25, 1896.
“torpedo boat catchers”: “Strengthening the Navy,” Washington Post, April 8, 1896.
the U.S. naval fleet consisted of: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 157.
“I have all Navy”: Theodore Roosevelt Diary, April 16, 1898.
top speed of seventeen knots: “Iowa Capable of 17 Knots,” Washington Post, November 14, 1896.
to prepare its fleets: Citations include Washington Post articles, “Will Not Be Derelict,” March 5, 1898; “Putting On War Paint,” March 30, 1898; “Preparations at Key West,” April 5, 1898; and “Battleships Taking On Coal,” January 14, 1898.
Washington naval officials ordered Dewey: Gould, The Spanish-American War and President McKinley, p. 60.
Long organized his Atlantic fleet: “Two New Squadrons,” Washington Post, March 26, 1898.
“hysterical anxiety”: quoted in Musicant, p. 298.
“calm and scholarly”: quoted in ibid., p. 299.
son of a day laborer: “The Rise of Sampson,” Washington Post, July 5, 1898.
“pleasure and holidays”: quoted in Cathy Hunter, “Winfield Scott Schley: A Hero, but Not without Controversy,” National Geographic, December 20, 2012, http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/search/Winfield+Scott+Schley.
two sailors killed: “Real Admiral Winfield Scott Schley,” Spanish-American War Centennial Website, http://www.spanamwar.com/schley/htm.
“If the Army were one-tenth as ready”: TR to Robley D. Evans, April 20, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt Center.
“unguarded condition”: “Be Prepared for War,” Washington Post, November 12, 1895.
“entire Gulf coast”: Ibid.
one soldier for every 2,000 citizens: “Urges a Larger Army,” Washington Post, November 12, 1896.
“brave peacock”: quoted in “Nelson A. Miles,” Wikipedia.
converted into a “War Room”: GBCD, May 3, 1898, Box 52.
fifteen telephone lines: Jones, p. 79.
“an expert Western Union operator”: GBCD, May 3, 1898, Box 52.
thousands of secret cables: “Telegraphy and War,” Washington Post, August 14, 1898.
“The President appears to be cheerful”: GBCD, May 3, 1898, Box 52.
the longest walk: Long, p. 184.
“It’s a good plan”: GBCD, May 3, 1898, Box 52.
“a good working Cabinet”: GBCD, April 16, 1898, Box 52.
“made a mistake”: Long, p. 194.
“of little use in the Cabinet”: Ibid., p. 186.
“crisis was precipitated”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 191.
McKinley sat down with Sherman: Ibid.
“Judge Day,” declared the Louisville Commercial: “The State Portfolio,” Louisville Commercial, April 24, 1898.
“endangering his position”: Dawes, p. 158.
“At present it seems as if”: Long, p. 183.
increase the regular forces to 62,527: Musicant, p. 245.
volunteer force of 60,000: Ibid., p. 244.
125,000 volunteers: “By the President of the United States: A Proclamation,” Washington Post, April 24, 1898.
“to last an army”: quoted in Musicant, p. 254.
force of 5,000: Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 107.
some 17,000 troops: Ibid.
specially made by Brooks Brothers: Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 615.
“No words could describe”: quoted in Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 107.
“The place was overestimated”: quoted in ibid.
some $100 million: “Support of the Army,” Washington Post, May 3, 1898.
“While it is quite clear that the Spanish squadron”: “The News in London,” New York Times, May 2, 1898.
“wild rejoicing”: “Rejoicing in Washington,” New York Times, May 2, 1898.
Newsboys rushed: Ibid.
“was a source of the greatest satisfaction”: GBCD, May 3, 1898, Box 52.
Dewey had set out for the Philippines: Details of the Battle of Manila come largely from Dewey, The Autobiography of George Dewey; Trask, The War with Spain in 1898, p. 95.
“Now we have them!”: quoted in Trask, p. 98.
“You may fire”: quoted in Dewey, p. 214.
“It was a most anxious moment”: Ibid., p. 218.
sunk or disabled: Ibid., p. 223.
161 Spaniards: Trask, p. 104.
nine men had been wounded: Ibid.
“From the moment”: quoted in Dewey, p. 224.
“Dewey Chewies”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 209.
“badges, banners”: Ibid., p. 208.
“Every American”: quoted in D
ewey, p. 227.
“mingled wisdom and daring”: quoted in ibid.
“It is these quiet, gentlemanly Americans”: quoted in “All Talked of Dewey,” Washington Post, May 3, 1898.
“We may run him”: quoted in Dewey, p. 228.
“The magnitude of this victory”: WMcK, “Message on Manila,” May 9, 1898, Spanish American War file, WMPL.
“the Department of the Pacific”: Musicant, p. 260.
ballooned to 15,000: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 211.
“conquering a territory”: quoted in Musicant, p. 261.
“The force ordered”: quoted in ibid.
troop strength to 20,000: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 211.
“acquisition and control”: quoted in ibid.
began his education: Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 294.
“It is evident”: quoted in ibid.
“Unless I am utterly”: quoted in Musicant, p. 262.
19. THE CARIBBEAN WAR
he needed three weeks: Gould, The Spanish American War and President McKinley, p. 74.
“stating that the Navy is ready”: Long, p. 188.
“that there is any delay”: Ibid.
“the most active”: Ibid.
“whereas, in fact”: Ibid.
“To invade Cuba”: quoted in Musicant, p. 258.
“a short, sharp, conclusive”: “Advance on Cuba,” Washington Post, May 10, 1898.
“seize and hold”: J. C. Gilmore, “Confidential Memorandum for the Adjutant General,” May 9, 1898, WMcKP, Reel 3.
“without delay”: “Ordered to Tampa,” Washington Post, May 11, 1898.
“Our ships are all ready”: Long, p. 192.
“The blunders [and] delays”: Theodore Roosevelt Diary, May 21, 1898.
Miles urged McKinley to put off the Cuba attack: Gould, The Spanish-American War and President McKinley, p. 74.
defended by 10,000 or so Spanish regulars: Trask, p. 199.
added new initiatives: Musicant, p. 264.
“the color having faded”: GBCD, May 15, 1898, Box 52.
“The President looked exceedingly well”: GBCD, May 22, 1898, Box 52.
“Now she can almost walk alone”: GBCD, June 17, 1898, Box 52.
“very tired and worn out”: quoted in Anthony, p. 145.
She demanded a direct telephone connection: Ibid.
his usual telegram: Ibid.
“No matter how busy”: quoted in ibid., p. 147.
usually well past eleven: GBCD, May 15, May 17, May 22, 1898, Box 52.
“capture or destroy”: quoted in Gould, The Spanish-American War and President McKinley, p. 74.
“confusion, confusion”: quoted in Trask, p. 184.
300 railroad cars: Musicant, p. 268.
“a perfect welter of confusion”: quoted in ibid., p. 269.
His troops were forced to buy food: Ibid., p. 269.
“most earnestly”: GBCD, June 17, 1898, Box 52.
At 7:50 p.m. Corbin wired Shafter: Trask, p. 180.
“Since telegraphing you”: quoted in ibid.
17,000-man advance force: Musicant, p. 354.
“Wait until you get further orders”: quoted in Trask, p. 186.
“We mean to start”: quoted in ibid., p. 187.
“the interminable delays”: Theodore Roosevelt to Douglas Robinson Jr., June 12, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt Center.
“a regular gamecock”: quoted in Trask, p. 219.
“We’ve got the damn Yankees”: quoted in ibid., p. 221.
sixteen killed and fifty-two wounded: Ibid., p. 222.
“The situation was desperate”: quoted in Jones, p. 75.
“someone had made an awful”: quoted in ibid., p. 76.
“very gallant”: quoted in ibid.
“Had a very heavy engagement”: William Shafter to War Department, “Heavy Battle at Santiago,” Washington Post, July 2, 1898.
225 Americans killed: Musicant, p. 425.
“I fear I have underestimated”: quoted in ibid., p. 429.
“We are awaiting with intense anxiety”: quoted in ibid., p. 430.
“The fleet under my command”: William Sampson, dispatch to Secretary of the Navy, reprinted in “Naval Victory Is Complete,” New York Times, July 5, 1898.
“like splendid sunlight”: “Apprehension Turned into Great Rejoicing,” New York Times, July 4, 1898.
“You have the gratitude”: WMcK to William Sampson, reprinted in “Naval Victory Is Complete.”
“discouraged tone”: “Apprehension Turned into Great Rejoicing.”
“I shall hold”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 254.
“sorrow and anxiety”: quoted in Gould, The Spanish-American War and President McKinley, p. 79.
“Under these circumstances”: quoted in ibid.
“What you went to Santiago for”: quoted in Olcott, p. 2:50.
“and the opinion of the surgeon”: quoted in Gould, The Spanish-American War and President McKinley, p. 79.
“unless in your judgment”: quoted in ibid., p. 80.
They gave Toral twenty-four hours: Ibid., p. 80.
“He is the strong man”: GBCD, June 17, 1898.
“No orders of importance”: Olcott, p. 2:49.
“ceases to be the compass”: Henry Norman, “America of the Future: The Policy of Expansion,” Washington Post, July 3, 1898, reprinted from London Chronicle.
“While we are conducting war”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 238.
20. END OF HOSTILITIES
meeting for three-thirty: William Day, “Memorandum of interviews with the French Ambassador,” JBMP, Box 185. All quotations and descriptions of the various meetings between Cambon and McKinley come from this source unless otherwise noted.
“the vindication of her prestige”: “Message of the Government of H. M. the Queen Regent of Spain,” submitted to WMcK on July 26, 1898 by Jules Cambon, WMcKP, Reel 4.
the president scribbled out his terms: WMcK, handwritten note describing terms, July 26, 1898, WMcKP, Reel 4.
back from vacation: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 282.
the thoughts of John Hay: John Hay to William Day, telegram, July 28, 1898, WMcKP, Reel 4.
Griggs, Bliss, and Wilson favored: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 285.
“Judge Day only wants”: quoted in Olcott, pp. 2:62–63.
Thus the final version: William Day, statement to be delivered to the Duke of Almodovar del Rio via Jules Cambon, July 30, 1898, WMcKP, Reel 4.
pulled from his pocket: GBCD, July 31, 1898, Box 52.
“The final changes”: GBCD, July 30, 1898, Box 52.
“The President has had his way”: Dawes, p. 166.
McKinley asked Day to read: Day, “Memorandum of interviews with the French Ambassador.”
Four days later: Ibid.
Santiago de Cuba, August 3: Associated Press dispatch, printed in “Return or Perish,” Washington Evening Star, August 4, 1898.
devoting more attention to the disposition: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 271.
“somewhat improving”: quoted in ibid.
On August 2 he cabled Washington: William Shafter, cable to Henry Corbin, August 2, 1898, in Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, p. 1:194.
Surgeon General George Sternberg: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 275.
a stern order to Shafter: Russell Alger, cable to William Shafter, August 2, 1898, in Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, p. 1:196.
“very much agitated”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 276.
“to kill off our sick”: “The Medical Department Scandals,” New York Times, August 4, 1898.
“many searching questions”: GBCD, August 3, 1898, Box 52.
Secretary Alger sought to explain: “War Secretary Explains,” New York Times, August 4, 1898.
Cortelyou considered Alger’s statement “lame”: GBCD, August 4, 1898, Box 52.
/> “the impression”: Ibid.
“makes the situation”: quoted in Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 120.
“I demanded of Spain”: Day, memo to Alvey Adee, “SPECIAL. For the President,” November 18, 1898, WMcKP, Reel 5.
“full and unqualified”: quoted in Day, “Memorandum of interviews with the French Ambassador,” JBMP, Box 185.
“Spain will have nothing more”: quoted in Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 121.
“Mr. Ambassador”: quoted in GBCD, August 12, 1898, Box 52.
“Let’s see what we get”: quoted in ibid.
“Speaker Reed”: “Reed Still Fights Hawaii,” Washington Post, May 12, 1898.
On May 11 he summoned: Ibid.
cleared the annexation measure: “Enemy Might Drub Us,” Washington Post, May 13, 1898.
a dismissive coyness: “Anxiety over Hawaii,” Washington Post, May 18, 1898.
Reed announced: “Speaker Reed Gives It Up,” Washington Post, May 24, 1898.
the resolutions fell behind: “To Let Hawaii Alone,” Washington Post, May 26, 1898.
crowd the calendar: “More Delay about Hawaii,” Washington Post, June 8, 1898.
“Just where the friends”: Ibid.
“a continuing order”: quoted in “A Clash with Mr. Reed,” Washington Post, June 9, 1898.
“much vigor”: Ibid.
a military necessity: “Hawaii’s Chance Today,” Washington Post, June 10, 1898.
passed the resolutions: “Big Vote for Hawaii,” Washington Post, June 16, 1898.
a test vote: “Test Vote on Hawaii,” Washington Post, June 21, 1898.
“If we consummate this scheme”: quoted in “Attack by the Pacific,” Washington Post, June 23, 1898.
“if we come out of this war”: quoted in “No Flag of Dominion,” Washington Post, July 6, 1898.
it passed 42–21: “Hawaii to Come In,” Washington Post, July 7, 1898.
“a new era”: quoted in “Signed by the President,” Washington Post, July 8, 1898.
“genial and pleasant”: GBCD, August 12, 1898.
2,500 officers and men: Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 125.
“Forty of our men”: quoted in “Trials of the Regiment,” New York Times, August 30, 1898.
“The general opinion”: “Alger’s Apologists Turn,” New York Times, August 27, 1898.
“The Secretary of War”: quoted in “Alger Talks of His Work,” New York Times, August 27, 1898.
“unreasonable and unwarranted”: quoted in GBCD, August 23, 1898, Box 52.
President McKinley Page 65
