“The constitutional question”: Dawes, p. 217.
“We must not admit”: quoted in Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 209.
“This is not exactly free trade”: “Legislating for Puerto Rico,” New York Times, February 2, 1900.
“I could ride a white horse”: quoted in Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 209.
“The President added”: “Rebel over the Bill,” Washington Post, February 15, 1900.
at least seven Republicans: Ibid.
“free trade with Porto Rico”: Henry Loomis Nelson, “Held by Mr. M’Kinley,” Washington Post, February 18, 1900, originally published in New York World.
just eight GOP votes: “Injustice of a Tariff,” Washington Post, February 21, 1900.
“Mr. McKinley,” said The Nation: “The Morals of the Porto Rico Question,” Nation, February 22, 1900.
“nothing would give”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 491.
persuaded all four: Ibid., p. 491.
15 percent of Dingley rates: Ibid.
vote of 172 to 161: “Puerto Rico Bill Passes the House,” New York Times, March 1, 1900.
“Six men were brought”: Ibid.
either six or eleven votes: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 491.
appropriation of $2 million: “Millions Voted to Aid Puerto Ricans,” New York Times, March 3, 1900.
House passed the measure: Ibid.
Democratic amendments: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 492.
“the first almost irreparable mistake”: quoted in “Condemns the President,” New York Times, March 4, 1900, reprinted from “The President’s Momentous Mistake,” Chicago Times-Herald, March 3, 1900.
“authoritative statement”: “Administration on Puerto Rico Tariff,” New York Times, March 9, 1900.
vote of 40 to 31: “Senate Passes the Puerto Rican Bill,” New York Times, April 4, 1900.
at seven o’clock: “President Signs the Puerto Rico Bill,” New York Times, April 13, 1900.
“We do not recall”: “The Republican Situation,” New York Times, April 9, 1900.
“I made a mistake”: quoted in ibid.
Lord Salisbury had softened: Mowat, p. 278.
U.S. Navy’s global strength: Ibid., p. 277.
“ handsome” behavior: GBCD, February 4, 1900, Box 53.
“adds another and crowning triumph”: “The Great Diplomatic Triumph,” New York Press, February 6, 1900.
“the congratulations of his friends”: “The Amended Clayton-Bulwar Treaty,” New York Times, February 6, 1900.
a bill nearly identical: “To Build an Isthmian Canal,” New York Times, January 13, 1900.
embraced the same concept: “To Build the Canal,” Washington Post, January 16, 1900.
“open, free and neutral”: quoted in “Canal Pact Doomed to Rejection,” Chicago Evening Post, February 6, 1900.
“stir up a war of opinions”: “The New Canal Treaty,” Boston Daily Globe, February 8, 1900.
“Has McKinley suddenly gone crazy?”: Untitled, New York Evening Journal, February 14, 1900.
“There is the best authority”: “New Treaty Likely to Be Ratified,” New York Times, February 9, 1900.
satisfaction with Hay’s handiwork: “Canal Treaty Discussed,” New York Times, February 8, 1900.
“exhibition of craven cowardice”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 510.
no treaty language could hinder: Davis Amendment, reprinted in “Committee Reports the Canal Bill,” New York Times, March 10, 1900.
“too indolent to make a strong fight”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 509.
Committee reported the new treaty: “Committee Reports the Canal Bill.”
Hay submitted his resignation: GBCD, March 13, 1900, Box 53.
“indicates views so widely divergent”: Hay to WMcK, March 13, 1900, reprinted in Thayer, p. 2:226.
“Nothing could be more unfortunate”: WMcK to Hay, March 13, 1900, reprinted in ibid.
“I cannot [adequately] express”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 511.
to meet with him and Hay: Ibid., p. 512.
vote of 224 to 36: Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 232.
Lodge dutifully led an effort: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 513.
“a triumph for the Administration”: “The Senate,” New York Times, May 23, 1900.
ratification extension: “Hay-Pauncefote Treaty Extended,” Washington Post, May 6, 1900.
At five o’clock: “The House Yields; Congress Adjourns,” New York Times, June 8, 1900.
“On the whole”: “The Record of Congress,” Nation, June 14, 1900.
26. CHINA
“Secretary Hay’s dexterous skill”: quoted in “Praise for Secretary Hay,” New York Times, March 29, 1900.
“A year ago no nation”: quoted in “The Open Door Agreement,” New York Times, January 6, 1900.
news dispatches from London: “Difficulties in China,” New York Times, March 31, 1900.
also had sent a warship: “The Wheeling Goes to Taku,” New York Times, March 21, 1900.
The mob “maltreated”: “American Mission Attacked,” Washington Post, March 17, 1898.
The Chinese population: Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, pp. 22–29. This work is the source of the following history and quotes.
After Germany obtained rights: “German Eyes on China,” Washington Post, May 2, 1900.
Russia demanded the same: “New Demand on China,” Washington Post, March 7, 1898.
lease for Wei-Hai-Wei: “England Gets Wei-Hai-Wei,” Washington Post, April 4, 1898.
France got a lease: “China Yields to France,” Washington Post, April 6, 1898.
Western pressure soon forced a reconsideration: “China Close Pressed,” Washington Post, March 9, 1899.
“China,” he said: quoted in “Italy’s Hold on China,” Washington Post, March 10, 1899.
“China Taken by the Throat”: headline, Washington Post, March 12, 1900.
“that the moment has now arrived”: quoted in “Partition of China Near,” New York Times, March 4, 1899.
sought Washington’s cooperation: “For Joint Action in China,” Washington Post, April 23, 1900.
“we think our best policy”: quoted in Thayer, p. 2:241.
“would lie in the fact”: quoted in Taliaferro, p. 357.
Hay honored him: Ibid.
encouraged him to draft a policy statement: Ibid., p. 358.
It contained three points: Bailey, p. 480.
“final and definitive”: quoted in Thayer, p. 2:242.
“No treaties”: quoted in Taliaferro, p. 366.
“Support the Qing”: quoted in Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 36.
850 Catholic priests: Preston, p. 27.
2,800 Protestant missionaries: Ibid.
“patronizing impudence”: quoted in ibid.
“a standing insult”: quoted in Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 42.
“These Chinese Christians”: quoted in Preston, p. 26.
U.S. minister Edwin Conger: biographical description in “Minister Conger’s Career,” New York Times, July 6, 1900.
“at least one good port”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 518.
“when peaceful and law-abiding”: quoted in Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 58.
“they have the secret sympathy”: quoted in ibid., p. 59.
“singly and without the cooperation”: quoted in ibid., p. 60.
“cut in pieces”: quoted in ibid., p. 74.
When Conger peppered the empress: Conger to Empress Dowager Cixi, May 31, June 2, June 4, June 7, June 8, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“cause peace and quiet”: Zongli Yamen to Conger, June 6, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“should cease being uneasy”: Zongli Yamen to Conger, June 10, 1900, WM
cKP, Reel 10.
destroyed the rail line: “Chinese Capital Menaced,” New York Times, May 29, 1900.
twenty Western warships: Louis Kempff to Long, received June 8, 1900, in Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, p. 1:410.
350 soldiers arrived: Conger to Hay, June 1, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
430 troops: Long to Kempff, June 23, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
On June 19, Cixi demanded: “Envoys Were Told to Leave China,” New York Times, July 1, 1900.
Rockhill assured Hay: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 519.
“We have no policy in China”: Hay to Conger, June 10, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“If other nations go”: Kempff to Long, June 11, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
Hay answered simply “Yes”: Hay to Conger, June 9, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
isolating the legations: Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 78.
“This absence of official reports”: “Troops Will Be Sent,” Washington Post, June 17, 1900.
June 15 Cabinet meeting: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 519.
a force of about 2,000: Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 83.
about 1,000 men who would land: Ibid., p. 94.
“Act in concurrence”: Frank W. Hackett to Kempff, June 18, 1900, in Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, p. 1:414.
lost 285 men: Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 135.
“were simply canals”: quoted in ibid., p. 112.
“Reinforcements are most urgently required”: quoted in ibid.
“shouting and cheering”: quoted in ibid., p. 116.
Cixi ordered 20,000 Chinese troops: Ibid., p. 138.
nearly 7,000 troops: “Battle of Tientsin,” Wikipedia.
“brilliant victory”: “Allies Victorious: Tien-Tsin Captured,” New York Times, July 18, 1900.
Some 250 soldiers of the allied armies: “Battle of Tientsin.”
1,300 officers and men: MacArthur to Corbin, June 28, 1900, in Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, p. 1:419.
instructed General MacArthur: Corbin to MacArthur, July 7, 1900, in ibid., p. 1:422.
“in places of safety”: WMcK to Hay, July 5, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“in regard to this most trying crisis”: Hay to WMcK, July 6, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 11.
rushed back to Washington: “President Leaves for Washington,” New York Times, July 17, 1900.
Root and Long assured him: “Cabinet Discusses China,” New York Times, July 18, 1900.
“For one month”: Conger, message to State Department, undated, sent through Chinese minister to Washington, D.C., WMcKP, Reel 11.
“much gratified by the news”: “President Hears the News,” New York Times, July 21, 1900.
British newspapers had reported: Preston, p. 172.
“We have provisions”: Conger to J. W. Ragsdale, July 21, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 11.
18,000 troops: Silbey, The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China, p. 172.
“devise measures”: Emperor Zaichun to WMcK, reprinted in “Kwang-Su’s Appeal; Mr. M’Kinley’s Reply,” New York Times, July 25, 1900.
“who were sojourning”: WMcK to Emperor Zaichun, reprinted in ibid.
“If the Oriental intellect”: “Mr. M’Kinley’s Good Counsel,” New York Times, July 25, 1900.
the capital bulged with 100,000 Boxers: quoted in “Anarchy in Peking,” New York Times, August 4, 1900.
“certain death”: quoted in “Ministers Again in Great Danger,” New York Times, August 8, 1900.
“very grave”: “Alarm in Washington,” New York Times, August 9, 1900.
“sharp demand for compliance”: “Sharp Demand Sent to China,” New York Times, August 9, 1900.
legation grounds at 1 p.m.: Associated Press, “How Peking Was Taken,” New York Times, August 22, 1900.
“The emaciated tenants”: Ibid.
only a pound a day: “Envoys Relieved Just in Time,” New York Times, August 25, 1900.
Four thousand shells: Associated Press, “How Peking Was Taken.”
killing some sixty-five people: Ibid.
“Peking is now”: “The Despoiling of Peking,” New York Times, August 25, 1900, reprinted from Times of London.
“an unmitigated scoundrel”: Hay to Alvey Adee, September 14, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 12.
“indemnity for the past”: “The Problem before the Allies,” New York Times, August 30, 1900.
“one might almost say labored”: GBCD, August 29, 1900, Box 53.
“receive[d] with much satisfaction”: Memorandum, Alvey Adee, “in response to the Russian charge’s oral communication,” August 28, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 12.
“the mighty temptations”: “Russo-American Combination,” New York Times, August 31, 1900.
“What I want”: quoted in Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 359.
“We want to avoid”: quoted in ibid., p. 360.
“The dilemma is clear”: Hay to Alvey Adee, September 14, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 12.
“a complete justification”: “The Change in the China Situation,” New York Times, October 1, 1900.
“It is to Manila that we owe”: Hay, “suggested remarks,” July 8, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 11.
“anti-imperialistic . . . sentiments”: “Our Imperialism in China,” New York Times, November 6, 1900.
“the most powerful State”: “America as a World Power,” New York Times, October 21, 1900.
27. REELECTION
“It is settled”: “M’Kinley’s Happy Future,” Washington Post, December 24, 1899, reprinted from Chicago Tribune.
“are demanding attention”: “The Issues of 1900,” New York Times, October 16, 1899.
about 10 percent a year: Lichtman and DeCell, p. 185.
“helped to provide currency”: “The Currency Act,” Washington Post, September 16, 1900, reprinted from New York Mail and Express.
“always be true to”: quoted in “Mr. Reed’s Valedictory,” Washington Post, September 20, 1899.
“is now rent”: “The Republican Imbroglio,” Nation, March 15, 1900.
“I shall continue my opposition”: quoted in “Will Fight in the Senate,” Washington Post, September 21, 1899.
“obnoxious . . . to the public welfare”: WMcK, Third Annual Message.
a vote of 273 to 1: “House Passes Trust Bill,” New York Times, January 3, 1900.
“for party and political considerations”: quoted in “Democrats on Trusts,” New York Times, May 22, 1900.
“The office of the President”: quoted in “Dewey’s Eyes on the White House,” New York Times, April 5, 1900.
“a general inclination”: Ibid.
He told Cortelyou and Dawes: GBCD, April 5, 1900, Box 53.
“an undercurrent of pity”: quoted in GBCD, April 7, 1900, Box 53.
“The Governor is very popular”: “Governor or Vice President?,” New York Times, February 2, 1900.
“In view of the continued statements”: quoted in “Roosevelt Says No,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 13, 1900.
“they have simply served notice”: quoted in Goodwin, p. 258.
“tempting Providence”: quoted in ibid., p. 259.
“unsafe”: quoted in Croly, p. 310.
president chafed a bit: Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 215.
crony named Estes Rathbone: Horner, p. 260.
“a kind of quiet discipline”: Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley, p. 215.
diminished somewhat by infirmities: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 533.
“The report is, Mr. Bliss”: quoted in “Bliss Now the Favorite,” New York Times, April 10, 1900.
“He did not even have a chance”: Hay to Henry White, June 15, 1900, reprinted in Thayer, p. 2:342.
“you’re not fit for it”: quoted in ibid.
“went through without any break”: “Mr. Hanna Wins in Ohio,” New York Times, April 26, 190
0.
“It was very much a Hanna day”: “Hanna’s Speech Rouses Enthusiasm in Ohio,” New York Times, April 25, 1900.
“The backbone of the revolt”: Taft to WMcK, June 15, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“the war must be continued”: Memorandum of conversation between Arthur MacArthur and Jose Ner, untitled, August 8, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 11.
One top general named Aquino: “Gen. Aquino Surrenders,” New York Times, July 1, 1900.
200 rebels killed: “Over 200 Filipinos Killed,” New York Times, June 11, 1900.
requested a report from the Taft Commission: “Report by Taft et al,” Washington Post, September 20, 1900.
a generally optimistic overview: Taft and Philippine Commission to Root, August 21, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 11.
a more complex picture: article in New York Herald, described in “The Situation in the Philippines,” Nation, August 16, 1900.
“Either Mr. Allison or Mr. Bliss”: quoted in “Republican Leaders on Vice President,” New York Times, June 12, 1900.
“There is no truth”: quoted in “No ‘President’s Candidate,’ ” New York Times, June 14, 1900.
at two o’clock on June 16: “Delegations Arriving,” Washington Post, June 17, 1900.
“Here comes Teddy”: quoted in ibid.
“Roosevelt blushed”: quoted in Goodwin, p. 262.
“Gentlemen, that’s an acceptance hat”: quoted in Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 376.
“in a state of rare excitement”: quoted in ibid.
warned him to stay away: Goodwin, p. 261.
“fife, drum, and bugle”: quoted in ibid., p. 263.
“The town was Roosevelt mad”: “First of All, M’Kinley,” Washington Post, June 19, 1900.
“The Roosevelt boom”: Memo, Charles Dick conversation with GBC, June 17, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“The President has no choice”: “Message dictated by President McKinley to be communicated to Hon. Charles Dick,” June 17, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“I am not in control!”: quoted in Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 377.
“almost an altercation”: Dawes, p. 232.
“The President’s close friends”: WMcK, message dictated to GBC, June 19, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
“a little perplexed”: memo recounting Dawes conversation with GBC, June 20, 1900, WMcKP, Reel 10.
He would do what: quoted in ibid.
“condemn[ed] all conspiracies”: Republican platform, reprinted in Washington Post, June 21, 1900.
President McKinley Page 68
