The Gentleman's Daughter

by Amanda Vickery

  54 Ladies admiring potted plants, from the untitled frontispiece to Marshall's Ladies Fashionable Repository (1827). Private collection.

  55 Charles Grignon after Nathan Drake, ‘Prospect of a Noble Terras Walk’, York c.1756. Photograph courtesy of York City Art Gallery.

  56 An untitled illustration of two ladies in a phaeton, from Heideloff's Gallery of Fashion (1794). Private collection.

  57 George Woodward, ‘A Nottingham Card Party’, 1797. Photograph courtesy of the City of Nottingham Museum and Art Gallery.

  58 George Woodward, ‘A Polite Congregation’, 1797. Photograph courtesy of the City of Nottingham Museum and Art Gallery.

  59 Moses Griffiths, Harrowgate Wells, 1772. Photograph courtesy of Harrogate Museum and Art Gallery.

  60 John Raphael Smith, Chalybeate Well, 1796. Photograph courtesy of Harrogate Museums and Art Gallery.

  61 ‘A Trip To Scarborough A.D. 1783’. Private collection.

  62 James Northcote, R.A., Grouse-shooting in the Forest of Bowland, 1802. Private collection.

  63 John Wootton, John Warde and his Family, 1735. Photograph by kind permission of Mr and Mrs John Warde of Squerries.

  64 ‘A Foxhunting Breakfast’, 1777. Photograph courtesy of the British Museum.

  65 The untitled frontispiece to the Lady's Magazine, vol. 11 (1780). Private collection.

  66 ‘The Patriotic Parting’, from the Lady's Magazine, vol. 13 (1782). Private collection.

  Index

  Note: Page references in italics refer to illustrations and their captions. Page numbers in bold type indicate persons listed in the Biographical Index (Appendix 2).

  A. B., Mrs (i), (ii)

  abortion (i)

  accounting (i), (ii)

  acting see theatre; theatricals, private

  Addison, Elizabeth (i)

  and child care (i)

  and infant feeding (i), (ii)

  and pregnancy and childbirth (i), (ii), (iii)

  Addison, Joseph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  adoption (i)

  advertising (i), (ii)

  advice literature

  and courtesy (i), (ii), (iii)

  and courtship (i)

  and domesticity (i), (ii), (iii)

  and household management (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  and marriage (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and motherhood (i)

  age

  and consumption (i)

  and fashion (i)

  and sociability (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Aikin, J. (i)

  Ainsworth, Alice (i), (ii), (iii)

  alehouse (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Alkincoats Hall, Colne (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and family history (i)

  furnishing (i)

  and hospitality (i)

  and household management (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and servants (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  and sociability (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  America

  and female consumption (i), (ii)

  and the social sphere (i), (ii)

  American War of Independence (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Amherst, Elizabeth (i)

  Andrew, Donna (i)

  Anglicanism

  church-going (i)

  distaste for enthusiasm (i), (ii), (iii)

  and politeness (i)

  response to illness and death (i), (ii)

  see also clerics

  annulments (i)

  anti-slavery societies (i)

  apprenticeships (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and Parker sons (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Ariès, P. (i), (ii), (iii)

  aristocrats

  and childbirth (i), (ii)

  criticisms of (i)

  and family size (i)

  and fashion (i), (ii), (iii)

  and household management (i), (ii)

  and manners (i), (ii)

  and marriage (i)

  and public life (i), (ii), (iii)

  as social category (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  as trend-setters (i)

  and trials (i)

  visibility (i), (ii), (iii)

  see also gentry

  Aspinall, Helen (i)

  Aspinall, James (i)

  Aspinall, John (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and Clitheroe election of 1781 (i), (ii), (iii)

  and public life (i)

  Aspinall, John (younger) (i)

  Aspinall, N. (i)

  assemblies

  and balls (i)

  court (i)

  and fashion (i)

  provincial (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  as public space (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  queen of assembly (i), (ii)

  Assheton, Elizabeth (i)

  Assheton, Ralph (i)

  Assheton, William (i)

  Astell, Mary (i)

  Atkinson, Betty (i), (ii)

  Atterbury, (i)

  Austen, Jane (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Austrian Succession War (i)

  authority, female (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and government of servants (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  and housekeeping (i), (ii), (iii)

  and motherhood (i)

  authority, male

  and doctor (i), (ii)

  and father (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and husband (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  challenges to (i)

  mockery of (i)

  manipulation of patriarchy (i)

  and manners (i)

  autobiographies see diaries and autobiographies

  Bacon, Nathaniel (i)

  Baines, E. (i)

  balls (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  assize (i), (ii)

  charity (i)

  children's (i), (ii)

  court (i)

  dancing masters' (i)

  see also dancing masters; masquerades

  Barcroft, Capt. Ambrose William (i), (ii)

  Barcroft, Barbara (i)

  Barcroft, Elizabeth (i), (ii)

  Barcroft, Ellen (i), (ii), (iii)

  and public life (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Barcroft family (i)

  correspondence network (i)

  Barcroft, John (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Barcroft, Martha (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Barcroft, Miss Mary (i), (ii)

  Barcroft, Mrs Mary (i)

  Barcroft, Misses (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Barcroft, William (i)

  Barker, Elizabeth, and servants (i)

  Barrowford (i)

  see also Pasture House

  Barry, J. (i), (ii)

  Bateman, Joseph (i)

  Bath

  and pleasure gardens (i)

  and season (i), (ii), (iii)

  and visiting (i)

  and walks (i)

  Baudrillard, Jean (i)

  bay makers (i)

  Beckett, J. V. (i)

  Beckford, William (i)

  bedroom, and sociability (i)

  benevolence see charity and philanthropy

  bereavement see death; grief

  Bermingham, Ann (i)

  Betts, George (i)

  Birkenshaw, Thomas (i)

  birth see childbirth

  birth control see contraception

  Bishop, Mrs (i)

  Bishop, N. (i)

  Blackmore, Henry (i)

  boarding schools (i)

  and childhood illnesses (i)

  for girls (i), (ii)

  body, and ideology of difference (i)

  Bolton (i), (ii), (iii)

  book clubs (i), (ii)

  Bordieu, Pierre (i)

  Borsay, P. (i)

  Boswell, James (i), (ii)

  bottlefeeding, dangers of (i)

/>   Bowen, M. (i), (ii), (iii)

  Bowyer, Mrs D. (i)

  Boynton, Lydia (i)

  Bradley, Mrs Margaret (i)

  breakfast (i), (ii), (iii)

  breast-feeding (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  cult (i)

  length of (i)

  and milk-fever (i), (ii), (iii)

  and weaning (i)

  see also bottlefeeding; wet-nursing

  Brewer, J. (i)

  Brigge, William (servant) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Brome family (i), (ii)

  Brookes, Emily (i), (ii)

  brothers (i)

  Browsholme Hall (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  and hospitality (i), (ii)

  servants (i), (ii)

  Buck, Anne (i)

  Bulcock family (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Bulcock, James (i), (ii)

  Bulcock, John (i), (ii)

  Bulcock, Nancy (i), (ii)

  Bulcock, Robert (i), (ii)

  bullbaiting (i), (ii)

  Burney, Frances

  and marriage (i)

  and material culture (i)

  and private life (i)

  and private theatricals (i)

  and public life (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Burnley

  and public life (i), (ii)

  and shopping (i)

  and textile manufacture (i)

  Butler, Edmund (i)

  Butler, Marilyn (i)

  Butler family (i), (ii)

  canals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Canning, George (i), (ii)

  capitalism

  and centralisation of manufacturing (i)

  and separation of public and private (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  card parties (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Carleton, Elizabeth (i)

  Carlyle, Alexander (i)

  Carr Hall (i), (ii)

  carriages see coaches and carriages

  caudle (i), (ii)

  Chalus, Elaine (i)

  chaperonage (i), (ii)

  Chapone, Hester (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  charity and philanthropy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and balls (i)

  and sociability (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Charlotte, Princess (i)

  Charterhouse School (i), (ii), (iii)

  chastity

  and women (i), (ii)

  see also sexuality

  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  childbirth (i)

  birth attendants (i)

  death in childbed (i), (ii)

  fear of (i), (ii), (iii)

  and lying in (i), (ii), (iii)

  place of confinement (i), (ii)

  and post-natal melancholy (i)

  recovery from (i), (ii)

  rituals (i), (ii)

  role of doctors (i), (ii)

  see also midwifery; pregnancy

  children

  attitudes to (i), (ii), (iii)

  and child care (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  death of (i), (ii), (iii)

  feeding (i), (ii)

  see also breast-feeding; weaning; wet-nursing

  illnesses (i), (ii)

  and paternal violence (i)

  pleasures in (i), (ii)

  preference for (i)

  and public life (i)

  and rediscovery of childhood (i)

  rights over (i), (ii), (iii)

  and stepchildren (i), (ii)

  see also daughters; fathers; girls; motherhood

  Childs, Fenela (i), (ii)

  ‘Choice of a Husband’ (i)

  ‘Choice of a Wife’ (i)

  Chorley, Mary (i), (ii), (iii)

  and education (i)

  and housekeeping (i)

  and reading (i), (ii), (iii)

  and sea bathing (i)

  and tourism (i)

  and trials (i)

  church

  and music (i)

  as public space (i), (ii), (iii)

  see also courts, church

  churching (i), (ii)

  citizenship, female (i)

  civility (i), (ii), (iii)

  and manners (i), (ii)

  see also hospitality; politeness

  Clark, Alice (i), (ii)

  class, vocabulary of (i)

  Clayton, Dolly (i), (ii), (iii)

  Clayton family (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Clayton, John (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Clayton, Mary see Warde, Mary (of Squerries Court)

  Clayton, Thomas (i), (ii)

  cleaning/cleanliness (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  see also nastiness

  clerics

  and gentry (i), (ii)

  see also Anglicanism

  Clifford, Lady Anne (i)

  Clitheroe

  disputed election of 1781 (i), (ii), (iii)

  and public life (i)

  clothing see dress

  clubs

  for men (i)

  for women (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  coaches and carriages (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  coach and six (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  cockfighting (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cockshott, John (i)

  Cockshott, Thomas (i)

  ‘coffee-house’, female (i), (ii)

  Coleman, D. C. (i)

  Colley, Linda (i), (ii)

  Collier, Jeremy (i)

  Colne

  and communications (i)

  Piece Hall (i), (ii), (iii)

  and public life (i)

  and shopping (i), (ii)

  and textile manufacture (i)

  Colquoun, Patrick (i)

  coming out (i), (ii)

  communications see letters and letter-writing; mobility; newspapers; periodicals; roads; turnpikes

  compliments, exchange of (i), (ii), (iii)

  concert hall, as public space (i), (ii)

  concerts (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  conduct books see advice literature

  conduct letters see letters and letter-writing

  confinement see childbirth

  Connoisseur (i)

  consumerism

  conspicuous (i), (ii), (iii)

  female (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  attacks on (i)

  and expertise (i)

  and meaning of possessions (i), (ii)

  and gifts (i), (ii), (iii)

  and luxury (i), (ii)

  male (i), (ii), (iii)

  management (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and status (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  see also culture, female consumption;

  fashion; shopping; shops

  contraception (i)

  and breast-feeding (i), (ii), (iii)

  conversation

  clubs (i), (ii)

  and politeness (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and poor conversationalists (i)

  women's role m (i), (ii)

  ‘conversation, criminal’ (i), (ii), (iii)

  cooking (i)

  and dairying (i)

  pickling and preserving (i), (ii), (iii)

  cooks (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Cookson, M. (i)

  Cooper, Mrs A. (i)

  cotton manufacturers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  court

  and culture (i), (ii)

  and fashion (i), (ii), (iii)

  and manners (i)

  and public life (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  courtesy literature see advice literature

  courts, as public space (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  courts, church

  and courtship (i)

  and marriage (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  courtship (i)

  clandestine (i), (ii)

  female strategies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and female supremacy (i), (ii)

  freedom and con
straint (i)

  length (i), (ii)

  male strategies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and marriage (i), (ii), (iii)

  rhetorical restraint (i), (ii)

  and role of friends (i), (ii), (iii)

  see also marriage; romanticism; sincerity

  covetousness, female (i), (ii)

  Cowgill, James (i), (ii)

  Cowper, Sarah (i), (ii)

  Crawford, Patricia (i)

  Cromblehome, Elizabeth (i), (ii), (iii)

  culture

  female consumption (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  male consumption (i)

  material (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  domestic (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  and dress (i)

  and meaning (i), (ii)

  see also consumerism; dress; fashion;

  furniture; shopping

  Cunliffe family (i), (ii)

  Cunliffe, Henry (i), (ii)

  Cunliffe, Henry Owen (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and ostentation (i)

  and reading (i)

  and sociability (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cunliffe, Mary (i), (ii)

  and public life (i), (ii)

  Cunliffe, Robert (i)

  Cunnington, C. W. & P. (i)

  Curron, William (i)

  dairy (i), (ii)

  dancing masters (i), (ii), (iii)

  daughters

  indulgence towards (i), (ii)

  preference for (i), (ii), (iii)

  and submission (i), (ii)

  Daunsey, Mrs E. (i)

  Davidoff, L. (i)

  Dawson, John (i)

  Dawson-Greene correspondence

  network (i), (ii), (iii)

  De Saussure, Cesar (i), (ii), (iii)

  death

  in childbirth (i), (ii)

  of children (i), (ii), (iii)

  response to (i)

  debating societies

  female (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  mixed (i)

  decorum

  abandonment (i), (ii)

  and courtship (i)

  and dress (i), (ii)

  and politeness (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  and public life (i)

  Defoe, Daniel (i), (ii)

  Delany, Mary (i)

  deputy lieutenants (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  and property qualification (i), (ii)

  and William Gossip (i), (ii), (iii)

  Devis, Arthur, The Parker Conversation Piece (i), (ii)

  Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  diaries and autobiographies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  as evidence of consumption (i)

  memorandum books (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  motives for writing (i)

  see also Shackleton, Elizabeth

  Dickson, Charlotte (i), (ii)

  dignity

  female (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  male (i), (ii)

  dining-room (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  dinner (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)