Roger I, count of Sicily (Roger Guiscard) 54, 68
Roger II of Sicily 54, 55, 56, 59, 67–9, 70–73, 77–8
Roman Empire 21, 40–41, 93, 223, 236
Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire 223
Roman geography 38
Roman imperialism 40, 41
Roman lettering 169, 226
Roman mapmaking 38, 40
Roman Republic 38, 39, 97
Rome
and Christianity 93–6, 107
Fourth Lateran Council 82
and the Hereford mappamundi 86, 91
on 76–7
and Orosius 100
overthrow of the Ptolemies 21
printing of new edition of Ptolemy’s Geography 161
Visigoth Sack of 93
Rosenberg, Jonathan 424
Rosselli projection 234
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 297
Roy, William 332
Royal Colonial Society 346–7
Royal Geographical Society 339, 345, 348, 349–51, 359–65, 441
Royal Society, London 332
Rupelmonde 219, 222, 240
Russia 358, 362, 363, 368
Cold War see Cold War
Hitler’s invasion 367
Nazi–Soviet Pact 367
see also USSR
Russian Federal Space Agency (Sovinsformsputnik) 418
Ruysch projection 234
’s-Hertogenbosch, groote school 223
sacred direction 57–8
sacred space 9
Saige, Guillaume-Joseph 325
sailing charts (portolans) 11, 152, 249, 250
see also sea charts
Saint-Dié 159–60, 164–5
Salerno 70
Sallust 97–8, 97
Sansom-Flamsteed projection 341
Sanson, Nicolas 298, 300–301
Santángel, Luis de 163
Santarém, Manuel Francisco de Barros e Sousa, viscount of 340
Saragossa 210, 211
Treaty of 211
Sardinia 86
Saturn 288, 289
Sawley Map 106
scale of maps 8, 392
Cassini map of France 295, 324, 330
Chinese maps 129, 130, 131–2
and the International Map of the World 439, 444
Islamic world maps 80
Picard map of Paris 306
Scaliger, Joseph 242–3, 258
Schama, Simon 265
Schellekens, Gheert see Mercator, Gerard
Schelling, Friedrich 352
Schöffer, Peter 157
Schöner, Johannes 180, 194, 216
Schott, Johannes 179
Schröder, Gerhard 148
Sciapodes 89
Scipio’s Dream, Commentary on (Macrobius) 98–9
Scotland, Hereford mappamundi 86
Scott, Robert Falcon 359
Scythians 87
sea charts 152, 171, 281–2
portolan sailing charts 11, 152, 249, 250
Selective Availability (SA) 420
Selve, Georges de 215, 216
Sendacour, Jean Basin de 160, 165
Seneca 236, 256–7, 258
Senefelder, Alois 339
Sequeira, Diego Lopes of 200, 201
Servetus, Miguel 232
Seville 192, 193, 196, 198, 200, 202, 210, 214
SGI (Silicon Graphics) 416–19
Shannon, Claude 410–11
communication theory 410–11, 412, 413–14, 417, 418, 424
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 52
Shem 96
Shengjiao guangbei tu (Li Zemin) 121, 123
‘ Idrisid dynasty 66
Shu jing (Book of Documents) 126–7, 128
Sicily 54–5, 56, 67–73, 77–8, 86, 200
Sieyès, Emmanuel 328
silicon chips 413
Silicon Graphics (SGI) 416–19
Silicon Valley 413, 416
Sinus Magna 172
Sippar, ‘Babylonian Map of the World’ 1–3, 7, 8–9, 11
Skelton, R. A. 182
Slovakia, ethnic map 375–6, 376
Smith, William 343
Snyder, Greg 149
Snyder, John 381, 382
Société de Géographie 338, 340
Société de la Carte de France 322, 328
Socinians 283
Socrates 28–9
Soderini, Piero di Tommaso 164
The Soldier and a Laughing Girl (Vermeer) 272–3
Solinus, Caius Julius: A Collection of Memorable Facts 106
Song dynasty 134–6
Sony Broadband 421
South America
in Blaeu’s world map 261
Magellan and 193, 195, 196
on the Mercator conformal projection 247, 253, 391
in Mercator’s 1538 map of the world 235
on the Peters projection 383, 391
in Waldseemüller’s Cosmographia introductio 167
in Waldseemüller’s Universalis cosmographia 173–4, 177
Sovinsformsputnik (Russian Federal Space Agency) 418
Spanish empire 155
Castile see Castile
and the Treaty of Tordesillas 186–7, 191–2, 199, 203, 213
twelve-year truce between Spain and Dutch Republic 274
Spanish Netherlands 267, 308
Spanish Succession, War of 308
spatial law 408
SPD (German Socialist Party) 387
Speed, John 287
Spence, Mary 408
‘The Spheres’ (tapestries) 209
spice trade 187–9
and the Portuguese–Castile conflict over the Moluccas 191–2, 193, 196, 197–200, 201–17
Der Spiegel 386, 387
spirituals 238–9
Sri Lanka
in the Kangnido map 118
in the Waldseemüller map 172
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton 359
star maps 116–18, 394–5
see also celestial mapmaking
States General of the United Provinces 264, 273, 275, 290
Stevens, Henry N. 180–82, 181
Stevin, Simon 267, 268
stochastic processes 410
Stoicism 236, 254, 256–7, 258
Strabo 22, 25, 36, 37, 38–9, 236
Geography 40–41
Strasbourg 159, 162–3, 167, 168, 178, 179, 227
61–2
Susa 2
Swinfield, Richard 83, 109, 110, 111
Syene 36
Synchronoptische Weltgeschichte (Peters) 386–8
T-O maps 96–9, 97, 100, 101, 170, 171
Tacitus 43
T’aejo (Wang ) 138
T’aejong, King 114, 115–16, 122
see also Yi
Tanner, Chris 416, 418
Tartaros 24
Tasman, Abel Janszoon 261
Tasmania 261
Tell Abu Habbah (Sippar), ‘Babylonian Map of the World’ 1–3, 7, 8–9, 11
Tennis Court Oath 327
Teodocus 91–2
TerraServer 418
terrestrial globes see globes, terrestrial
Tertullian 92
Tethys 24–5
Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain (Speed) 287
Theatrum orbis terrarum (Ortelius) 10, 258, 275, 298
Theia 24–5
thematic mapping 343, 365
Themis 24–5
Theogony (Hesiod) 24
Thorne, Robert 210
Thrower, Norman J. W., map projections 234
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br /> Ti’amat 2
Tidore 197
Tiger-leg peninsula 172
Tigris, river 76, 96
Time magazine 376
Titans 24–5
Tobler, Waldo, First Law of Geography 428–9
Tomlinson, Ray 415
Tomlinson, Roger 413–14
Tongguk chido ( ) 138–9
Tordesillas 186
Treaty of 185–6, 191–2, 199, 203, 213
transistors 412–13
transubstantiation 218, 238
transverse equirectangular projection 319
Transylvanus, Maximilianus 192, 226–7
Trevisan, Angelo 189–90
triangulation 295, 296, 302–6, 303, 307, 309, 311, 312–14, 319, 321, 332, 346
mathematics of 225, 306, 313–14
Trinidad 197–8
Trithemius, Johann 178
trivium 101, 157
Truman, Harry S. 368
Tunis 227
twin hemispherical stereographic projection 256, 287–8
Tyndale, William 218
U, King 114
Ulm 161
Umayyad Caliphate 59–60, 63, 66, 67
UNESCO 380
UNICEF 380
United Kingdom
England see England
UK NGOs using Peters world map 401–2
usual representation in twentieth-century atlases 392
United Nations 380, 442, 443
United Provinces 261–2
States General 264, 273, 275, 290
United States Geological Survey (USGS) 418
United States of America
Air Force control of GPS 420
Anglo-American statecraft 368
CIA 422
Clinton administration 419–20
Cold War see Cold War
development of the internet 414–15
early America see America
economic and political inequality 398
and the Gulf 372
Internet penetration 434
Library of Congress 147, 148, 149–50, 151, 177, 182, 183
Mackinder on 363
National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis 414, 443
National Gallery exhibition ‘Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration’ 148
National Imagery and Mapping Agency 422
relationship with Germany 147, 148–50
and the Waldseemüller map as ‘birth document’ of America 147, 150–51, 154–5, 174
Universalis cosmographia see Waldseemüller map, Universalis cosmographia
Upper Palaeolithic inscriptions 3–4
Uranus 24
Urartu 2
URLs (uniform resource locators) 415
USGS (United States Geological Survey) 418
USSR 442–3
see also Russia
Utrecht 274
van der Beke, Pierre 237
van der Grinten projection 389
van der Hem, Laurens 292
van der Heyden, Gaspar 225, 226
Vasari, Giorgio: Lives of the Artists 220
Vaugondy, Didier Robert 315
Veen, Adriaen 264
Venice 188–9, 268
Venus 288, 289
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie see VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie)
Vermeer, Johannes 272–3
Versailles 327
Treaty of 442
Vespucci, Amerigo 153, 164, 171, 178, 179
and Cosmographia introductio 166–7
forged letters attributed to 163–5
in the Waldseemüller map 175
Vespucci, Giovanni 201
Vicenza 161
Victoria, Queen 347
Victoria 197–8
Vietnam 376
Virgin Islands 283
Virtual Earth software 425
virtual mapmaking 15, 405–36
Vise, David 407
Visigoths 93
Visscher, Nicolaus 272
VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 274, 277–8, 280–82, 288, 291–2
Les Voeux d’un patriote 327
Voltaire 311
Vrient, Johan Baptista 264
Vujakovic, Peter 401
Waldburg-Wolfegg, Johannes, Count 147, 148, 149, 180
Waldburg-Wolfegg, Maximilian, Prince 182
Waldseemüller, Martin 154, 157, 159–60, 178, 179, 221, 223, 232, 263
1513 edition of Ptolemy’s Geography 179, 180–82
Cosmographia introductio 165–7, 179, 180–81
globe gores 167, 168
‘Map of the World’ see Waldseemüller map, Universalis cosmographia
projection adopted by 175–8, 234
The World Maps of Waldseemüller (Ilacomilus) 1507 & 1516 180
Waldseemüller map, Universalis cosmographia 146–57, 163–85, 187
acquisition by Library of Congress 147–50
as ‘birth document’ of America 147, 150–51, 154–5, 174
compared with the Hereford mappamundi 151–2, 171
and Cosmographia introductio 165–7, 179, 180–81
eastern hemisphere 172
printing of 167–71, 184
western hemisphere 173
Wales, Hereford mappamundi 86
Webb, Richard 416
Weigert, Hans 369
‘well-field’ system 127
The West Wing 384
Western Sea 174, 178
Westphalia, Peace of 261–2
‘What is the Nation and What is France?’ (Guiraudet) 328
What is the Third Estate? (Sieyès) 328
Where2 (company) 425
Wiener, Norbert 410
Wihwa Island 114
Wilde, Oscar 15
Wilhelm, duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg 239, 240–41, 254
Wilkinson, Spencer 364–5
William I of Sicily 78–9
William IV 338
William of Orange 291
Wolfe, Reyner 231
Wolfenweiler 157
Wolfgegg Castle, Baden Württemberg 147, 148, 180
woodcut maps 161, 167–9, 168, 170, 173, 225
World Bank 397–8
world chronology 241–6
world circumnavigation, first 192–8
The World Maps of Waldseemüller (Ilacomilus) 1507 & 1516 180
world population 404, 434
World War II 367–8, 371, 375–6, 442
World Wide Web 415, 422–3, 427–8
see also Internet; online mapping
Wright, Edward 256
xuan ye shuo 125
Xun Qing 128–9
Yahoo! 405
Yalu, river 141–2
Yellow River 126, 133, 134
Yi Ch’om 138
Yi Hoe 122
Yi Mu 121
Yi , later King T’aejong 114, 115–16, 122, 140
‘Yu Gong’ 126–7, 128, 131, 134, 135
Yu ji tu (‘Map of the Tracks of Yu’) 131–2, 132, 133–5
Yu the Great 126, 131, 134
Zeus 25
Zhang Heng 125, 125
Zhanguo (‘Period of the Warring States’) 127–8, 129
zhaoyu tu 129
Zhongsan dynasty 129
Zhou, duke of 128
Zhou li (‘Ritual forms of Zhou’) 129–30
Zhu Di 123
Zhu Yuanzhang 122, 140–42
Zhu Yunwen 122–3
Ziegler, Jacob 227
zonal maps 98–9, 127
&nb
sp; klimata/climates/zones 31–2, 39, 60–62, 64, 73, 98–9, 165–6, 224
Zoroastrians 58
Zwingli, Huldrych 230
A History of the World in 12 Maps Page 66
