149. Lamon to Washburne, Philadelphia, 21 Feb. 1861, Washburne Papers, DLC.
150. Lamon, Recollections of Lincoln, 35.
151. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 24 Feb. 1861, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 28.
152. CWL, 4:228.
153. Stephen R. Fiske, “Lincoln’s Trip to the White House,” The Metropolis, n.d, copied in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 28 July 1891; New York Herald, 20 Feb. 1861.
154. James R. Roche to Edward Harrick, New York, 20 Feb. 1861, Harrick Papers, New-York Historical Society.
155. Report of M. B. [Kate Warne] for Allan Pinkerton, New York, 19 Feb. 1861, in Norma B. Cuthbert, ed., Lincoln and the Baltimore Plot, 1861: From Pinkerton Records and Related Papers (San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1949), 41; New York Tribune, 20 Feb. 1861.
156. William Hayes Ward, ed., Abraham Lincoln: Tributes from His Associates, Reminiscences of Soldiers, Statesmen and Citizens (New York: T. Y. Crowell, 1895), 1.
157. Louisa Lee Schuyler diary, Hamilton-Schuyler Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan (entry for 19 Feb. 1861); Lavinia Goodell to her sister Maria Goodell Frost, Brooklyn, 25 Feb. 1861, Goodell Papers, Berea College, in Elizabeth S. Peck, ed., “Lincoln in New York,” Lincoln Herald 60 (1958):129.
158. Walt Whitman, “Death of Abraham Lincoln,” lecture delivered in New York, 14 Apr. 1879, Whitman, Complete Prose Works (Philadelphia: David McKay, 1892), 308.
159. New York Times, 20 Feb. 1861.
160. New York Tribune, 20 Feb. 1861.
161. Charles Eugene Hamlin, The Life and Times of Hannibal Hamlin (2 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1899), 2:387–388.
162. New York correspondence, n.d., Boston Courier, n.d., copied in the New York Daily News, 5 Mar. 1861.
163. Weed to Seward, New York, 21 Feb. 1861, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
164. Grinnell to Seward, [New York,] 20 Feb. [1861], Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
165. John Pope, “War Reminiscences, IX,” National Tribune (Washington), 5 Feb. 1891, in Peter Cozzens and Robert I. Girardi, eds., The Military Memoirs of General John Pope (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 179–180.
166. The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events for the Year 1861 (New York: D. Appleton, 1864), 415.
167. Fiske, “When Lincoln Was First Inaugurated,” 7.
168. CWL, 4:223–233.
169. New York Times, 21 Feb. 1861; New York Herald, 22 Feb. 1861; New York correspondence by B., 24 Feb., Boston Journal, 26 Feb. 1861.
170. New York Herald, 22 Feb. 1861.
171. An unidentified weekly paper, quoted in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, [19 Feb. 1911?], clipping collection, LMF.
172. New York correspondence by B., 24 Feb., Boston Journal, 26 Feb. 1861.
173. Bronson Murray to Ward Hill Lamon, New York, 20 Feb. 1861, in Harry E. Pratt, ed., Concerning Mr. Lincoln, in Which Abraham Lincoln Is Pictured As He Appeared to Letter Writers of His Time (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1944), 54.
174. George C. Shepard to Mr. and Mrs. Lucius M. Boltwood, New York, 21 Feb. 1861, in Pratt, ed., Concerning Mr. Lincoln, 56.
175. Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 Feb. 1861.
176. Horace Randal to “My dear Captain,” New York, 20 Feb. 1861, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.
177. Philadelphia Press, 22 Feb. 1861.
178. CWL, 4:237; Philadelphia correspondence, 21 Feb., New York World, 25 Feb. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 40; Philadelphia Press, 22 Feb. 1861.
179. Undated clipping from the San Francisco Chronicle, LMF.
180. New York Herald, 22 Feb. 1861.
181. Philadelphia correspondence, 21 Feb., New York World, 25 Feb. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 40.
182. CWL, 4:235–236.
183. Ibid., 4:238; Trenton correspondence, 22 Feb., New York World, 25 Feb. 1861.
184. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Grandmother’s Story and Other Poems (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1892), 89.
185. Pinkerton to Herndon, Philadelphia, 25 Aug. 1866, HI, 312.
186. Memorandum by Stone, 21 Feb. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
187. Frederick Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, 1830–1915 (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916), 137.
188. George W. Hazzard to Lincoln, [ Feb. 1861?], AL MSS DLC.
189. Thomas Cadwallerder to Lincoln, Baltimore, 31 Dec. 1860, ibid.
190. “A Lady” to Lincoln, n.p., [Feb. 1861], ibid.
191. Judd interviewed by Herndon, [Nov. 1866], HI, 433.
192. Isaac N. Arnold, The History of Abraham Lincoln, and the Overthrow of Slavery (Chicago: Clarke, 1866), 171.
193. Washington correspondence, 25 Feb., Cincinnati Gazette, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 28 Feb. 1861; Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 27 Feb., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 1 Mar. 1861.
194. CWL, 4:240.
195. Philadelphia Daily Evening Bulletin, 22 Feb. 1861; Philadelphia Press, 22 Feb. 1861.
196. Harrisburg correspondence, 23 Feb., New York Times, 25 Feb. 1861.
197. Philadelphia Morning Pennsylvanian, 25 Feb., 4 Mar. 1861.
198. Du Pont to William Whetten, Philadelphia, 1 Mar. 1861, John D. Hayes, ed., Samuel Francis Du Pont: A Selection from His Civil War Letters (3 vols.; Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1969), 1:38–39.
199. Pinkerton to William H. Herndon, Philadelphia, 23 Aug. 1866, HI, 322.
200. A. K. McClure to Alonzo Rothschild, Philadelphia, 9 May 1907, Lincoln Contemporaries Collection, LMF.
201. Harrisburg correspondence, 22 Feb., New York World, 23 Feb. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 41–42.
202. CWL, 4:243.
203. Harrisburg correspondence, 22 Feb., Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 Feb. 1861.
204. Judd to Pinkerton, Chicago, 3 Nov. 1867, in Allan Pinkerton, History and Evidence of the Passage of Abraham Lincoln from Harrisburg, Pa., to Washington, D.C. (New York: Rode & Brand, 1907), 22.
205. HI, 434, 286; Washburne to his wife, Sunday morning [24 Feb. 1861], Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine; Washburne in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American Review, 1888), 38.
206. Pinkerton report, 23 Feb. 1861, in HI, 287.
207. Ibid., 292.
208. New York Daily News, 26, 28 Feb. 1861.
209. Harrisburg correspondence, 23 Feb., New York Times, 24 Feb. 1861.
210. Hale to his wife, Washington, 24 Feb. 1861, Hale Papers, New Hampshire Historical Society.
211. Samuel R. Curtis, manuscript journal, 23 Feb. 1861, IHi.
212. Dawes, “Mr. Lincoln’s Arrival in Washington,” undated manuscript, Dawes Papers, DLC.
213. Philadelphia correspondence by “Rittenhouse,” 25 Feb., Washington States and Union, 27 Feb. 1861; Philadelphia Morning Pennsylvanian, 25 Feb. 1861.
214. Nevins and Thomas, eds., Strong Diary, 3:102 (entry for 23 Feb. 1861).
215. Washington correspondence, n.d., Louisville Journal, n.d., in the Washington States and Union, 4 Mar. 1861.
216. Gayle Thornbrough, ed., The Diary of Calvin Fletcher (7 vols.; Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1972–1981), 7:54 (entry for 25 Feb. 1861).
217. New York World, 25 Feb. 1861.
218. Dispatch from the train between Harrisburg and Baltimore, 23 Feb., New York Herald, 24 Feb. 1861.
219. Austin Blair to Zachariah Chandler, Jefferson, Ohio, 27 Feb. 1861, Chandler Papers, DLC.
220. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 25 Feb. 1861.
221. James Marsh to Elihu B. Washburne, Rockford, 27 Feb. 1861, Washburne Papers, DLC.
222. Washington correspondence, 25 Feb., Cincinnati Enquirer, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 28 Feb. 1861.
&
nbsp; 223. Cincinnati Gazette, 26 Feb. 1861.
224. John B. Dillon to Henry S. Lane, Indianapolis, 1 Mar. 1861, Lane Papers, InU.
225. Washington correspondence by Forney, 25 Feb., Philadelphia Press, 26 Feb. 1861.
226. Baltimore American, n.d., copied in the Providence Journal, 28 Feb. 1861.
Chapter 20. “I Am Now Going to Be Master”
1. Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918), 99.
2. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 16 July, Cincinnati Commercial, 20 July 1861.
3. Washington correspondence, 24 Feb., Philadelphia Press, 25 Feb. 1861.
4. Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (2 vols.; New York: McClure, Phillips, 1900), 1:423.
5. Washington correspondence, 2 Mar., New York World, 5 Mar. 1861, Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 51.
6. John Pope, “War Reminiscences, IX,” National Tribune (Washington), 5 Feb. 1891, in Peter Cozzens and Robert I. Girardi, eds., The Military Memoirs of General John Pope (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 181.
7. Washington correspondence, n.d., Baltimore Sun, n.d., copied in the Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 28 Feb. 1861.
8. Washington correspondence, 27 Feb., Cincinnati Gazette, 28 Feb. 1861.
9. Baltimore Exchange, 25 Feb. 1861.
10. Lucius E. Chittenden, Recollections of President Lincoln and His Administration (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891), 71.
11. W. C. Rives to W. C. Rives, Jr., Washington, 24 Feb. 1861, Rives Papers, DLC; C. to the editor, Washington, 19 May, New York Times, 2 June 1862.
12. Washington correspondence, 23 Feb., New York World, 25 Feb. 1861
13. Washington correspondence by “our special correspondent” (Uriah Painter), n.d., Philadelphia Inquirer, 25 Feb. 1861.
14. Washington correspondence 24 Feb., New York Herald, 25 Feb. 1861.
15. Goodrich to John A. Andrew, Washington, 23 Feb. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
16. Wilder Dwight to Horace Gray, Washington, 27 Feb. 1861, Gray Papers, DLC.
17. Chittenden, Recollections of Lincoln, 74–75.
18. Samuel F. Vinton to Robert C. Winthrop, Washington, 1 Mar. 1861, Winthrop Autograph Collection, MHi.
19. W. H. L. Wallace to Ann Wallace, Washington, 27 Feb. 1861, Wallace-Dickey Papers, IHi.
20. Palmer, Personal Recollections of John M. Palmer: The Story of an Earnest Life (Cincinnati: Clarke, 1901), 84.
21. Washington correspondence, 25 Feb., Philadelphia Press, 26 Feb. 1861.
22. George S. Boutwell, Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs (2 vols.; New York: McClure, Phillips, 1902), 1:274.
23. Washington correspondence, 27 Feb., Philadelphia Press, 28 Feb. 1861.
24. A special dispatch, n.d., to the New York Express, n.d., copied in the Richmond Enquirer, 16 Mar. 1861.
25. Charles S. Morehead, speech delivered in Liverpool, England, on 9 Oct. 1862, Liverpool Mercury, 13 Oct. 1862, excerpted in David Rankin Barbee and Milledge L. Bonham, Jr., eds., “Fort Sumter Again,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 28 (1941):71–72; Morehead to Crittenden, Staten Island, New York, 23 Feb. 1862, in Mrs. Chapman Coleman, The Life of John J. Crittenden (2 vols.; Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1871), 2:337.
26. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 28 (entry for 22 Oct. 1861).
27. Washington Evening Star, 28 Feb. 1861.
28. Washington correspondence, 27 Feb., New York Herald, 28 Feb. 1861.
29. A. R. Boteler, “Mr. Lincoln and the Force Bill,” The Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants North and South, comp. A. K. McClure (Philadelphia: Times, 1879), 223–226.
30. Henry L. Dawes, “Washington the Winter before the War,” Atlantic Monthly 72 (1893):166.
31. Washington correspondence, 26 Feb., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 2 Mar. 1861.
32. Washington correspondence by S., 26 Feb., Chicago Tribune, 1 Mar. 1861.
33. Alexander Doniphan to John Doniphan, Washington, 22 Feb. 1861, in Roger D. Launius, Alexander William Doniphan: Portrait of a Missouri Moderate (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), 248.
34. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., undated diary entry in Charles Francis Adams, Jr., Charles Francis Adams, 1835–1915: An Autobiography (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916), 78.
35. Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, Springfield, 17 Feb. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
36. Seward to Lincoln, [Washington], 24 Feb. 1861, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
37. Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, ed. Trevor Blount (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966), 436.
38. By far the best analysis of the evolution of the first inaugural is Douglas L. Wilson’s characteristically thoughtful discussion in Lincoln’s Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), 42–70.
39. Logan, statement to a meeting of the Springfield bar, 15 Apr. 1865, quoted in Charles S. Zane, “Lincoln as I Knew Him,” Sunset: The Pacific Monthly 29 (1912): 434.
40. Adams, “Great Secession Winter of 1860–1861,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 43 (1909–1910): 683.
41. Washington correspondence, 28 Feb., New York Tribune, 1 Mar. 1861.
42. John A. Bingham, “Abraham Lincoln,” speech delivered at Cadiz, Ohio, 15 Apr. 1886, The Current (Chicago), 24 Apr. 1886, 282.
43. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Albert L. Bacheller, Boston, 20 Jan. 1896, Wyles Collection, University of California at Santa Barbara; Adams, Autobiography, 96; Adams’s address to the Massachusetts Historical Society, Feb. 1909, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 42 (1908–1909): 147–148.
44. William H. Bailhache to his wife, Washington, 3 Mar. 1861, Lincoln Collection, InU.
45. Rock Island Argus, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 22 Mar. 1861.
46. Alexander Hagner, A Personal Narrative of the Acquaintance of My Father and Myself with Each of the Presidents of the United States (Washington, DC: W. F. Roberts, 1915), 46.
47. Lincoln to Curtin, Springfield, 21 Dec. 1860, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 4:158.
48. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Washington], [Feb. or Mar. 1861], transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
49. Milliken to Cameron, Philadelphia, 22 Feb. 1861, Cameron Papers, DLC.
50. William M. Reynolds to Edward McPherson, Springfield, 21 Jan. 1861, McPherson Papers, DLC; William Larimer, Jr., to Cameron, Pittsburgh, 6 Feb. 1861, Cameron Papers, DLC.
51. John Covode to Lincoln, Washington, 16 Jan. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
52. Robert McKnight to Lincoln, Washington, 29 Dec. 1860, ibid.
53. Andrew G. Curtin to Alexander K. McClure, Bellefonte, 2 Jan. 1861, telegram, ibid.
54. Thaddeus Stevens to Simon Stevens, Washington, 10 Feb. 1861, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (2 vols.; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997–1998), 1:207.
55. Swett to Lincoln, Washington, 8 Jan. 1861, AL MSS DLC.
56. Washington correspondence, 26 Feb., New York World, 28 Feb. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 45.
57. Stevens to Washburne, Washington, 19 Jan. 1861, AL MSS DLC; Stevens to Chase, Washington, 3 Feb. 1861, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
58. Samuel W. McCall, Thaddeus Stevens (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899), 311–312.
59. Cameron interviewed by Nicolay, 20 Feb. 1875, Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 42.<
br />
60. Jesse W. Weik, The Real Lincoln: A Portrait, ed. Michael Burlingame (1922; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 226.
61. J. K. Moorhead, interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 12 and 13 May 1880, Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 41.
62. James C. Conkling to the editor, Springfield, 4 Oct., Chicago Tribune, 8 Oct. 1879.
63. Blair to Gideon Welles, Washington, 22 Jan. 1874, Lincoln Collection, Yale University.
64. Lincoln to Colfax, Washington, 8 Mar. 1861, CWL, 4:278.
65. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W.W. Norton, 1960), 1:481 (entry for Dec. 1863).
66. Frank Blair to Montgomery Blair, St. Louis, n.d. [13 Dec. 1860], Blair-Lee Family Papers, Princeton University.
67. New York Herald, n.d., clipping in notebook, Gideon Welles Papers, Connecticut Historical Society; Charles A. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War: With the Leaders at Washington and in the Field in the Sixties (New York: D. Appleton, 1898), 170; Washington correspondence by Noah Brooks, 2 May, Sacramento Daily Union, 27 May 1863, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 48.
68. Washington correspondence, 2 May, Sacramento Daily Union, 27 May 1863, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 49; Noah Brooks to George Witherle, Washington, 23 Dec. 1863, ibid., 97–98.
69. William H. Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston: T.O.H.P. Burnham, 1863), 24 (entry for 28 Mar. 1861).
70. William M. Gwin, “Gwin and Seward: A Secret Chapter in Ante-Bellum History,” Overland Monthly, 1891, 469.
71. Goodrich to John A. Andrew, Washington, 25 Feb. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.
72. Greeley to Beman Brockway, New York, 12 Mar. 1861, Greeley Papers, DLC.
73. Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1868), 128.
74. Washington correspondence, 28 Feb. and 3 Mar., New York Times, 1 and 4 Mar. 1861.
75. Washington correspondence, 3 Mar., Philadelphia Inquirer, 4 Mar. 1861.
76. Mark Howard to Gideon Welles, Washington, 25 Feb. 1861, Welles Papers, IHi.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 152
