93. OR, I, 19, 1:81.
94. Washington correspondence, 3 Nov., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 8 Nov. 1862.
95. Cooke, “Interview with Lincoln,” reminiscences written in 1890, American History Illustrated 7 (1972):10–11.
96. Diary of William T. Coggeshall, 23 Oct. 1862, in Freda Postle Koch, Colonel Coggeshall: The Man Who Saved Lincoln (Columbus, Ohio: Poko Press, 1985), 69.
97. Nicolay to Hay, Washington, 26 Oct. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 90.
98. Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 515.
99. John A. Jones to David Davis, Georgetown, DC, 27 Oct. 1862, Davis Papers, IHi.
100. Washington correspondence, 3 Nov., New York Tribune, 9 Nov. 1862.
101. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 9 Nov. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 90–91.
102. Joseph L. Maguire to N. P. Banks, New York, 11 Nov. 1862, Banks Papers, DLC; Chase to Timothy C. Day, Washington, 24 Feb. 1862, in Sarah J. Day, The Man on a Hill Top (Philadelphia: Ware Brothers, 1931), 259; Victor Faide to John A. Andrew, New York, 28 Aug. 1864, Andrew Papers, MHi.
103. Francis P. Blair, Sr. to Francis P. Blair, Jr., 7 Nov. 1862, Blair Family Papers, DLC; Francis P. Blair, Sr., to Montgomery Blair, 2 Mar. 1863, ibid.
104. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:590 (entry for 29 Nov. 1862).
105. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 232 (entry for 25 Sept. 1864).
106. Henry to his wife, Washington, 12 Apr. 1863, Henry Papers, IHi.
107. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Century, 1897), 415.
108. J. G. Barnard to [John Sherman], Washington, 6 Jan. 1863 [misdated 1862], John Sherman Papers, DLC.
109. Halleck letter of 9 Nov. 1862 quoted in Murray M. Horowitz, “That Presidential Grub: Lincoln versus His Generals,” Lincoln Herald 79 (1977):160.
110. Sears, McClellan, xii.
111. Washington correspondence, 9, 16 Nov., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 15, 22 Nov. 1862.
112. Washington correspondence, 14 Nov., New York Evening Post, 15 Nov. 1862.
113. Trumbull to Butler, Washington, 26 Nov. 1862, Butler Papers, ICHi.
114. Trumbull to M. Carey Lea, Washington, 5 Nov. 1861, Horace White, The Life of Lyman Trumbull (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913), 171.
115. Trumbull to his son Walter, n.p., n.d., ibid., 430.
116. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 3rd Session, 2973 (27 June 1862).
117. Wright to Chase, Boston, 13 Nov. 1862, in Philip G. Wright and Elizabeth Q. Wright, Elizur Wright: The Father of Life Insurance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937), 217; Morton to Richard Yates, Indianapolis, 13 Nov. 1862, L. U. Reavis Papers, ICHi.
118. Horace White to William Butler, Chicago, 11 Nov. 1862, Butler Papers, ICHi.
119. Reminiscences of John Palmer Usher, unidentified clipping, scrapbook no. 1, Otto Eisenschiml Papers, University of Iowa.
120. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, [Washington, late Sept. or early Oct. 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University; Washington correspondence, 9 Oct., New York Tribune, 10 Oct. 1862.
121. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 16 Oct. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 89.
122. John Niven, ed., The Salmon P. Chase Papers (5 vols.; Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1993–1998), 3:294–295.
123. Halleck to Buell, Washington, 19 Oct. 1862, OR, I, 16, 2:626–627.
124. John A. Jones to David Davis, Georgetown, DC, 27 Oct. 1862, Davis Papers, IHi.
125. Halleck to Rosecrans, Washington, 24 Oct. 1862, OR, I, 16, 2:641.
126. Halleck to Rosecrans, Washington, 5 Dec. 1862, OR, I, 20, 2:123.
127. Halleck to Rosecrans, Washington, 4 Dec. 1862, OR, I, 20, 2:118.
128. David Dixon Porter, “The Opening of the Lower Mississippi,” Century Magazine 29 (1884–1885): 924; Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton, 1885), 96.
129. David Dixon Porter, “Journal of Occurrences during the War of the Rebellion,” 1:389–392, 416, Porter Papers, DLC.
130. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:404 (entry for 27 Sept. 1862).
131. Washington correspondence, 10 Dec., Cincinnati Gazette, 11 Dec. 1862.
132. Henry Lee, Jr., to John A. Andrew, Washington, 5 Nov. 1861, George Bancroft Papers, MHi.
133. Frank E. Howe to John A. Andrew, Washington, 23 Jan. 1862, Andrew Papers, MHi.
134. David Edward Cronin, The Evolution of a Life (New York: S. W. Green’s Son, 1884), 232.
135. Lincoln to Isaac N. Arnold, Washington, 26 May 1863, CWL, 6:231.
136. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 11 Feb., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 13 Feb. 1863.
137. Col. John Wesley Turner to Adam Badeau, New York, 12 Mar. 1863, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.
138. Halleck to Banks, Washington, 8 Nov. 1862, Banks Papers, DLC.
139. Halleck to Banks, Washington, 11 May 1863, OR, I, 15:726.
140. Morton to Lincoln, Indianapolis, 27 Oct. 1862, W. H. H. Terrell, Indiana in the War of the Rebellion: Report of the Adjutant General (Indianapolis: Douglass and Conner, 1869), 26.
141. John F. Marszalek, Commander of All Lincoln’s Armies: A Life of General Henry W. Halleck (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 170.
142. Forney to Chase, Philadelphia, 26 Sept. 1862, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
143. Henry Winter Davis to Sophie Du Pont, [Baltimore], 24 Sept. 1862, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
144. Washington correspondence, 20 Oct., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 25 Oct. 1862.
145. New York Times, 7 Nov. 1862.
146. Bancroft to Francis Lieber, 29 Oct. 1862, Lieber Papers, in Victor B. Howard, Religion and the Radical Republican Movement, 1860–1870 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990), 46.
147. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 22 Nov. 1862.
148. Schurz to Lincoln, New Baltimore, Virginia, 8 Nov. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
149. Lincoln to Schurz, Washington, 10 Nov. 1862, CWL, 5:494–495.
150. Schurz to Lincoln, Centreville, Virginia, 20 Nov. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
151. Lincoln to Schurz, Washington, 24 Nov. 1862, CWL, 5:509–510.
152. C. H. Kettler to Lyman Trumbull, Waterloo, Illinois, 22 Dec. 1861, Lyman Trumbull Papers, DLC.
153. Carl Schurz, The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (3 vols.; New York: McClure, 1907–1908), 2:396.
154. Cincinnati Gazette, 17 Oct. 1862.
155. William H. West to Lincoln, Bellefontaine, Ohio, 20 Oct. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
156. Washington Daily Morning Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 91–92.
157. Dawes to his wife, Washington, 10 Dec. 1862, Dawes Papers, DLC.
158. CWL, 5:518-537.
159. New York Tribune, 4, 3 Dec. 1862.
160. Providence Journal, 3 Dec. 1862.
161. New York Times, 2 Dec. 1862.
162. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:591 (entry for 1 Dec. 1862).
163. Allan G. Bogue, ed., “William Parker Cutler’s Congressional Diary of 1862–1863,” Civil War History 33 (1987):320.
164. Dawes to his wife, Washington, 2 Dec. 1862, Dawes Papers, DLC.
165. James A. Garfield to Burke Hinsdale, Washington, 1 Dec. 1862, Frederick D. Williams, ed., The Wild Life of the Army: Civil War Letters of James A. Garfield (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1964), 185.
166. Boston Commonwealth, 6 Dec. 1862.
167. Paxton Hibben, Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait (New York: G. H. Doran, 1927), 160.
168. Quoted in the New York Herald, 3 Dec. 1862.
169. Ashley to George B. Cheever, Washington, 23 Dec. 1862, Cheever Family Papers, American Antiquarian Society.
170. Henry Winte
r Davis to Mrs. S. F. Du Pont, n.p., 2 Jan. 1863, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
171. Elizabeth Blair Lee to her husband, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2 Dec. 1862, Laas, ed., Wartime Washington, 211.
172. Boston Commonwealth, 6 Dec. 1862.
173. The Liberator (Boston), 26 Dec. 1862.
174. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 27 Dec. 1862.
175. Washington correspondence, 21 Dec., ibid., 27 Dec. 1862.
176. CWL, 5:536, 530.
177. New York Evening Express, 2 Dec. 1862.
178. Charles Ray Wilson, “The Cincinnati Daily Enquirer and Civil War Politics: A Study of Copperhead Opinion” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1934), 186.
179. David Davis to Leonard Swett, Lenox, Massachusetts, 26 Nov. 1862, David Davis Papers, IHi.
180. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:611–612 (entry for 9 Jan. 1863).
181. Lincoln to Curtis, Washington, 10 Jan. 1863, CWL, 6:52; Hendersons’s reminiscences in Walter B. Stevens, “Lincoln and Missouri,” Missouri Historical Review 10 (1915–1916):84.
182. James Taussig to members of a committee of Missouri Radicals, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 June 1863.
183. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:180 (entry for 4 Nov. 1862).
184. United States Congress, Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War (3 vols.; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1863), 1:650.
185. William P. Fessenden to James W. Grimes, Portland, 19 Oct. 1862, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
186. Kelley in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 278.
187. Chicago Tribune, 5 Feb. 1863; Mason Brayman to “My Darling Ditty,” Boise City, Idaho, 22 Apr. 1877, Lincoln Associates Collection, LMF.
188. Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, North Shore, New York, 11 Nov. 1862, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.
189. Lincoln to Halleck, Steamer Baltimore off Aquia Creek, 27 Nov. 1862, CWL, 5:514-515.
190. Washington correspondence, 12 Dec., New York Times, 13 Dec. 1862.
191. Haupt, “The Railroad Brigade,” Philadelphia Weekly Times, 22 Sept. 1884, in Peter Cozzens, ed., Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Volume 6 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 470.
192. Haupt to his wife, Washington, 15, 18 Dec. 1862, typescripts, Lewis Haupt Papers, DLC.
193. Henry Villard, Memoirs of Henry Villard, Journalist and Financier: 1835–1900 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 1:391.
194. Baltimore American, 26 Mar. 1864, in J. T. Dorris, “President Lincoln’s Clemency,” Lincoln Herald 55 (1953):6.
195. William Henry Wadsworth to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington, 16 Dec. 1862, Barlow Papers, CSmH.
196. William O. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. VII,” New York Citizen, 29 Sept. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 171; J. E. Gallaher, Best Lincoln Stories Tersely Told (Chicago: M. A. Donohue, 1898), 81.
197. Henry Winter Davis to S. F. Du Pont, n.p., 2 Jan. 1863, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
198. Peoria Transcript, 27 Dec. 1862.
199. Herman Haupt to his wife, Washington, 18 Dec. 1862, typescript, Lewis Haupt Papers, DLC.
200. Reminiscences of Edward Rosewater in Victor Rosewater, “Lincoln in Emancipation Days,” St. Nicholas 65 (Feb. 1937):13.
201. Washington correspondence, 4 Dec., Sacramento Daily Union, 30 Dec. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 13.
202. Washington correspondence by Murat Halstead, 1 Dec., Cincinnati Commercial, 4 Dec. 1862.
203. T. S. Bell to Joseph Holt, Louisville, 22 Dec. 1862, Holt Papers, DLC.
204. David Davis to Leonard Swett, Lenox, Massachusetts, 26 Nov. 1862, Davis to Laura Swett, Washington, 21 Dec. 1862, Davis to W. W. Orme, Washington, 9 Dec. 1862, Davis Papers, IHi.
205. Willard L. King, Lincoln’s Manager: David Davis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960), 207.
206. Hilon Parker to his brother, Cairo, Illinois, 29 Dec. 1862, Parker Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.
207. Sam [Wilkeson] to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 15 Aug. 1862 and [ca. late Dec. 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University.
208. New York Times, 10 May 1885.
209. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 28 Apr., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 2 May 1863.
210. Message to the Army of the Potomac, 22 Dec. 1862, CWL, 6:13.
211. Wainwright, A Diary of Battle, ed. Nevins, 149–150 (entry for 25 Dec. 1862).
212. Stoddard, Inside the White House, ed. Burlingame, 101.
213. W. K. Strong to Samuel R. Curtis, New York, 23 Dec. 1862, Curtis Papers, Yale University.
214. Julia Lorrilard Butterfield, ed., A Biographical Memorial of General Daniel Butterfield (New York: Grafton Press, 1904), 159.
215. Washington correspondence, 25 Dec., New York Times, 26 Dec. 1862.
216. “Excerpts from the Journal of Henry J. Raymond,” Scribner’s Monthly 19 (Jan. 1880):424.
217. OR, I, 21:67.
218. Washington correspondence by Agate [Whitelaw Reid], 19 Dec., Cincinnati Gazette, 22 Dec. 1862.
219. Washington correspondence, 16 Jan., Boston Commonwealth, 24 Jan. 1863.
220. W. M. Dickson to Friedrich Hassaurek, Cincinnati, 31 Dec. 1862, Hassaurek Papers, Ohio Historical Society.
221. Harper’s Weekly, 27 Dec. 1862.
222. French, Witness to the Young Republic, ed. Cole and McDonough, 415 (entry for 21 Dec. 1862).
223. W. K. Strong to Samuel R. Curtis, New York, 23 Dec. 1862, Curtis Papers, Yale University.
224. Nevins and Thomas, eds., Strong Diary, 3:281–282 (entry for 18 Dec. 1862).
225. Norton to George W. Curtis, Cambridge, 12 Nov. 1862, in Sara Norton and M. A. De Wolfe Howe, eds., Letters of Charles Eliot Norton (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913), 1:258.
226. James [Hill?] to Edward McPherson, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 19 Dec. 1862; [R. G. McCreary?] to Edward McPherson, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17 Dec. 1862, Edward McPherson Papers, DLC.
227. Brownson to Charles Sumner, Elizabeth, New Jersey, 26 Dec. 1862, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
228. New York World, 5 Jan. 1863.
229. New York Evening Post, 18 Dec. 1862.
230. Washington correspondence, 24 Jan., Boston Commonwealth, 31 Jan. 1863.
231. Thomas C. Slaughter to Henry S. Lane, Corydon, Indiana, 24 Dec. 1862, typescript, Lane Papers, InU.
232. George F. Williams to Sumner, Boston 17 Dec. 1862, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
233. Kelley in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 276.
234. Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, Detroit, 10 Sept. 1862, Trumbull Papers, DLC; Chandler to his wife, Washington, 18 Dec. 1862, Chandler Papers, DLC.
235. W. M. Dickson to Friedrich Hassaurek, Cincinnati, 31 Dec. 1862, Hassaurek Papers, Ohio Historical Society.
236. Fessenden to Elizabeth Warriner, Washington, 10, 18 Jan. 1863, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
237. Jay to Sumner, New York, 18 Dec. 1862, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
238. Thomas C. Slaughter to Henry S. Lane, Corydon, Indiana, 24 Dec. 1862, typescript, Lane Papers, InU.
239. Chandler to his wife, Washington 10, 18 Dec. 1862, Chandler Papers, DLC.
240. Lydia Maria Child to John Greenleaf Whittier, Wayland, Massachusetts, 22 Sept. 1861, Child Papers, DLC; Medill to Schuyler Colfax, n.p., n.d., O. J. Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1886), 200.
241. Sam Wilkeson to Sydney Howard Gay, [Washington, ca. 19 Feb. 1863], Gay Papers, Columbia University.
242. James A. Hamilton to Hamilton Fish, Nevis, New York, 20 Sept. 1861, Fish Papers, DLC.
243. James A. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton; or, Men and Events, At Home and Abroad, Durin
g Three Quarters of a Century (New York: C. Scribner, 1869), 530.
244. Stevens to Simon Stevens, Lancaster, 17 Nov. 1862, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (2 vols.; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997–1998), 1:328.
245. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:597 (entry for 16 Dec. 1862); Fessenden, manuscript account of the 1862 cabinet crisis, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
246. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:203, 205 (entries for 20, 23 Dec. 1862).
247. Fessenden, manuscript account of the 1862 cabinet crisis, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College; Chase to Zachariah Chandler, Washington, 20 Sept. 1862, Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 3:276.
248. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:602 (entry for 19 Dec. 1862).
249. Frank Blair to his father, n.d., Blair-Lee Papers, Princeton University, in Nevins, War for the Union, 2:336.
250. Fessenden, manuscript account of the 1862 cabinet crisis, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
251. Seward, Seward, 3: 146–147; Sam Wilkeson to Sydney Howard Gay, [Washington, 19 Dec. 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University; Washington correspondence, 20 Dec., New York Times, 22 Dec. 1862.
252. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:600–601, 604 (entries for 18 and 22 Dec. 1862).
253. The second point of the document contained this sentence: “The theory of our government, and the early and uniform practical construction thereof, is, that the President should be aided by a Cabinet Council, agreeing with him in political principles and general policy, and that all important public measures and appointments should be the result of their combined wisdom and deliberation.” Fessenden, manuscript account of the 1862 cabinet crisis, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
254. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:195 (entry for 20 Dec. 1862); Fessenden, manuscript account of the 1862 cabinet crisis, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College; Washington correspondence, 21 Dec., New York Tribune, 22 Dec. 1862.
255. Washington correspondence by [Henry J.] R[aymond], 20 Dec., New York Times, 22 Dec. 1862.
256. Fessenden, manuscript account of the 1862 cabinet crisis, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
257. Philo S. Shelton to Thurlow Weed, Boston, 24 Dec. 1862, Weed Papers, University of Rochester.
258. Samuel Wilkeson to Sidney Howard Gay, [Washington, late Dec. 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 169
