22. Marszalek, Halleck, 183.
23. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 74 (entry for 14 Aug. 1863).
24. Ibid., 67 (entry for 25 July 1863).
25. James R. Gilmore, Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War (Boston: L.C. Page, 1898), 199.
26. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 73 (entry for 13 Aug. 1863).
27. Seymour to Samuel J. Tilden, Albany, 6 Aug. 1863, Tilden Papers, New York Public Library.
28. Barnett to Barlow, Washington, 2 and 7 July 1863, Barlow Papers, CSmH.
29. Chandler to Trumbull, Detroit, 6 Aug. 1863, Trumbull Papers, DLC.
30. Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (2 vols.; New York: Lincoln Memorial Association, 1900), 2:149.
31. Reminiscences of Austin Brown, manuscript memo with penciled date of 1866 added within brackets, Austin Brown Papers, Indiana State Library.
32. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 13 Sept. 1863.
33. Howard K. Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866 (Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1930, vol. 4; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), 306 (entry for 14 Sept. 1863).
34. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 1:432 (entry for 14 Sept. 1863).
35. Statement by the son of Robert B. Carnahan, U. S. district attorney for the western district of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, May 1896, Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
36. John Niven, ed., The Salmon P. Chase Papers (5 vols.; Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993–1998), 1:441–442 (diary entry for 14 Sept. 1863); Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:434 (entry for 15 Sept. 1863).
37. Andrew G. Curtin to Lincoln, Harrisburg, 18 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
38. Opinion on the draft, [14 Sept.?] 1863, CWL, 6:448.
39. Ibid., 447–449.
40. Thomas F. Pendel, Thirty-Six Years in the White House (Washington, DC: Neale, 1902), 17–18.
41. CWL, 5:515–516; 6:8.
42. Lincoln to Curtis, Washington, 2 Jan. 1863, CWL, 6:34.
43. Lincoln to O. D. Filley, Washington, 22 Dec. 1863, CWL, 7:86.
44. Lincoln to Curtis, Washington, 5 Jan. 1863, CWL, 6:36–37.
45. Brown to Lincoln, Jefferson City, 7 Jan. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
46. Lincoln to Brown, Washington, 7 Jan. 1863, CWL, 6:42.
47. James Taussig to members of a committee of Missouri Radicals, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 June 1863.
48. Beale, ed., Bates Diary, 294 (entry for 30 May 1863).
49. James Taussig in the Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 June 1863; Washington correspondence, 13 Nov., New York Evening Post, 14 Nov. 1863.
50. Henry T. Blow to Lincoln, St. Louis, Mar. 22, 1863, AL MSS DLC.
51. Lincoln to Schofield, Washington, 27 May 1863, CWL, 6:234.
52. Lincoln to Schofield, Washington, 13 July 1863, CWL, 6:326.
53. Lincoln to Henry T. Blow, Washington, 13 July 1863, CWL, 6:325.
54. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 66 (entry for 23 July 1863).
55. Hamilton R. Gamble to Lincoln, St. Louis, 13 July 1863, AL MSS DLC.
56. Lincoln to H. R. Gamble, Washington, 23 July 1863, CWL, 6:344.
57. Lincoln endorsement, [ca. 11 Apr. 1863], ibid., 6:167.
58. Noah Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 208.
59. Curtis, manuscript journal, 27 Mar. 1864, Curtis Papers, Iowa State Archives, Des Moines.
60. Lincoln to Curtis, Washington, 8 June 1863, CWL, 6:253.
61. Gamble to Bates, 10 Aug. 1863, Bates Papers, Missouri Historical Society.
62. Medill to Nicolay, Niagara Falls, 17 Aug. 1863, Nicolay Papers, DLC.
63. Quoted in Albert Castel, “Order No. 11 and the Civil War on the Border,” Missouri Historical Review 57 (1963):364.
64. Mark E. Neely, “ ‘Unbeknownst to Lincoln’: A Note on Radical Pacification in Missouri during the Civil War,” Civil War History 44 (1998):214.
65. Lincoln to Schofield, Washington, 1 Oct. 1863, CWL, 6:492–493.
66. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (128 vols.; Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901), I, 22, 1:574.
67. Shelby allegedly made this remark in 1897. Lt. Col. R. H. Hunt, General Order No. 11 (Topeka: Kansas Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1908), 6, quoted in Donald B. Connelly, John M. Schofield and the Politics of Generalship (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 77.
68. Ewing to John Sherman, Kansas City, Missouri, 12 Jan. 1864, Sherman Papers, DLC.
69. Lincoln to Fletcher, Washington, 20 Feb. 1865, CWL, 8:308.
70. Lincoln to Schofield, Washington, 22 June 1863, CWL, 6:291.
71. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 88 (entry for 29 Sept. 1863).
72. Ibid., 89 (entry for 29 Sept. 1863).
73. Horace White to William P. Fessenden, Washington, 7 Nov. 1863, Fessenden Papers, DLC.
74. Beale, ed., Bates Diary, 308 (entry for 30 Sept. 1863).
75. Edward Bates to Lincoln, Washington, 22 Oct. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
76. Halleck to Schofield, Washington, 26 Sept. 1863, OR, I, 22, 2:574–575.
77. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 87 (entry for 28 Sept. 1863).
78. Walter B. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Michael Burlingame (1916; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 145–147.
79. Enos Clarke, interview with J. McCan Davis, 2 Dec. 1898, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
80. The following account of the meeting is based on a detailed memorandum by John Hay and William O. Stoddard. Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 57–64.
81. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Burlingame, 148–149.
82. Lane told this to Major Champion Vaughn, former editor of the Leavenworth Times, who told Schofield. Schofield diary, 13 Oct. 1863, in John McAllister Schofield, Forty-Six Years in the Army (New York: Century, 1897), 99.
83. Charles Philip Johnson, in Tarbell, Life of Lincoln, 2:177.
84. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 125 (entry for 10 Dec. 1863).
85. Beale, ed., Bates Diary, 308 (entry for 30 Sept. 1863).
86. Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 64.
87. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 89–90 (entry for 30 Sept. 1863).
88. Washington correspondence by Agate [Whitelaw Reid], 5 Oct., Cincinnati Gazette, 8 Oct. 1863; Washington correspondence, 5 Oct., New York Evening Post, 6 Oct. 1863.
89. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 101 (entry for 28 Oct. 1863).
90. Ibid., 125 (entry for 10 Dec. 1863).
91. William D. Kelley, Lincoln and Stanton (New York: Putnam’s, 1885), 86.
92. Lincoln to Drake et al., Washington, 5 Oct. 1863, CWL, 6:499–504.
93. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 93–94 (entry for 18 Oct. 1863).
94. Hart to Chase, St. Louis, 24 Oct. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC.
95. New York Independent, 29 Oct. 1863.
96. Nicolay, memorandum of 8 Dec. 1863, Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 121.
97. New York Commercial Advertiser, reprinted in the St. Joseph Morning Herald, 31 Oct. 1863, in David DeArmond March, “The Life and Times of Charles D. Drake” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Missouri, 1949), 249–250.
98. New York Times, 3 Oct. 1863.
99. Washington Chronicle, reprinted in the St. Joseph Morning Her
ald, 1 Nov. 1863, in March, “Drake,” 250.
100. New York Evening Post, 3 Oct. 1863.
101. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 7 Oct., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 9 Oct. 1863.
102. Lincoln to Schofield, Washington, 1 Oct. 1863, CWL, 6:492; Gamble to Lincoln, 30 Sept. 1863, draft, Gamble Papers, Missouri Historical Society.
103. Gamble to Lincoln, Saint Louis, 1 Oct. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
104. Beale, ed., Bates Diary, 310 (entry for 16 Oct. 1863).
105. Ralph S. Hart to Chase, St. Louis, 30 Oct. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC; Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 111 (entry for 18 Nov. 1863).
106. Bates to Edwards, 2 Nov., New York Times, 16 Nov. 1863.
107. Brown to N. B. Judd, Washington, 11 Dec. 1863, Lincoln Collection, RPB.
108. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 127 (entry for 13 Dec. 1863).
109. Schofield, Forty-Six Years in the Army, 108–109.
110. CWL, 7:78.
111. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 129 (entry for 23 Dec. 1863).
112. Morton S. Wilkinson, interviewed by Nicolay, 22 May 1876, in Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 60.
113. Washington correspondence, 26 Dec., Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 29 Dec. 1863.
114. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 85 (entry for 27 Sept. 1863).
115. Washington correspondence, 26 Sept., New York Independent, 1 Oct. 1863).
116. Hay, “Life in the White House in the Time of Lincoln,” in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 133.
117. Washington Sunday Herald, 5 Dec. 1886, in Stephen Berry, House of Abraham: Lincoln and the Todds, A Family Divided by War (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007), 147.
118. Katherine Helm, The True Story of Mary, Wife of Lincoln (New York: Harper, 1928), 188.
119. Ibid., 233.
120. Ibid., 231.
121. Emily Todd Helm to Lincoln, Lexington, 30 Oct. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
122. Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 243.
123. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 85 (entry for 27 Sept. 1863).
124. Albert B. Chandler in William Hayes Ward, ed., Abraham Lincoln, Tributes from His Associates: Reminiscences of Soldiers, Statesmen and Citizens (New York: T. Y. Crowell, 1895), 222; Lincoln to Burnside, Washington, 25 Sept. 1863, CWL, 6:480.
125. Lincoln to Rosecrans, Washington, 21 Sept. 1863, CWL, 6:472–473.
126. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:453–454 (diary entry for 24 Sept. 1863).
127. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 87 (entry for 27 Sept. 1863).
128. Ibid., 99 (entry for 24 Oct. 1863).
129. Charles A. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War: With the Leaders at Washington and in the Field in the Sixties (New York: D. Appleton, 1898), 127, 123.
130. Lincoln to Robert A. Maxwell, Washington, 23 Sept. 1863, CWL, 6:475.
131. Gilmore, “Why Rosecrans Was Removed,” Atlanta Constitution, 22 Dec. 1895.
132. Garfield to Rosecrans, 18 Dec. 1863, Nevins, War for the Union, 3:203.
133. New York Tribune, 3 Oct. 1863.
134. Greeley to Salmon P. Chase, New York, 27 Aug. 1863, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
135. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington, 14 Sept., 10 June 1863, Barlow Papers, CSmH.
136. Lyman Trumbull to Zachariah Chandler, 4 Aug. 1863, Chandler Papers, DLC.
137. William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 73.
138. Chicago Times, 31 Dec. 1862.
139. T. J. Barnett to S.L.M. Barlow, Washington, 2, 6, 9, 10 July 1863, Barlow Papers, CSmH.
140. Morse to William M. Goodrich, 9 July 1863, in Nevins, War for the Union, 3:170–171.
141. Lincoln to Mary Todd Lincoln, Washington, 8 Aug. 1863, CWL, 6:372.
142. Grimshaw to Ozias M. Hatch, 8 Sept. 1862, 12 Feb. 1863, Hatch Papers, IHi.
143. CWL, 6:406–411.
144. Conkling to Lincoln, Springfield, 4 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
145. James A. Briggs to Salmon P. Chase, New York, 5 Sept. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC.
146. F. B. Sanborn to Moncure D. Conway, Concord, Massachusetts, 3 Sept. 1863, Conway Papers, Columbia University; National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 12 Sept. 1863.
147. Charles Sumner to Lincoln, Boston, 7 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
148. Josiah Quincy to Lincoln, Quincy, Massachusetts, 7 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
149. Allen C. Guelzo, “Defending Emancipation: Abraham Lincoln and the Conkling Letter, 1863,” Civil War History 48 (2002): 313–337.
150. New York Times, 3 Sept. 1863.
151. New York Evening Post, 3 Sept. 1863.
152. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey, eds., Diary of George Templeton Strong, 1835–1875 (4 vols.); New York: Macmillan, 1952), 355 (entry for 3 Sept. 1863); North American Review 98 (Jan. 1864):244.
153. Illinois State Register (Springfield) 8 Sept. 1863.
154. F. B. Sanborn to Moncure D. Conway, Concord, Massachusetts, 3 Sept. 1863, Conway Papers, Columbia University.
155. Norton to George William Curtis, Cambridge, 3 Sept. 1863, Sara Norton and M. A. De Wolfe Howe, eds., Letters of Charles Eliot Norton (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913), 1:263.
156. Hay to Nicolay, Washington, 11 Sept. 1863, in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 54.
157. Louis A. Warren, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Declaration: “A New Birth of Freedom” (Fort Wayne, IN: Lincoln National Life Foundation, 1964), xv, 51.
158. Cairnes to George William Curtis, n.p., n.d., quoted in George William Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, North Shore, New York, 5 Nov. 1863, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.
159. Frank L. Klement, The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham & the Civil War (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1970), 240.
160. Halstead to Chase, Cincinnati, 28 Aug. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC.
161. V. Jacque Voegeli, Free but Not Equal: The Midwest and the Negro during the Civil War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967), 126; Klement, Limits of Dissent, 243–248.
162. W. F. Lyons, Brigadier-General Thomas F. Meagher (1870; Danbury, CT: Archer Editions Press, 1975), 182.
163. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:470 (entry for 14 Oct. 1863).
164. Washington correspondence, 27 Nov., New Haven Palladium, 30 Nov. 1863.
165. Chase to Jay Cooke, Washington, 4 Sept. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC.
166. Andrew G. Curtin to Lincoln, Harrisburg, 4 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
167. Curtin to E. D. Morgan, Harrisburg, 1 Oct. 1863, Morgan Papers, New York State Library.
168. Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 357.
169. Alexander K. McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times (Philadelphia: Times, 1892), 265.
170. George William Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, New York, 15 Oct. 1863, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.
171. Speech of October 3, New York World, 7 Oct. 1863.
172. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 105–106 (entry for 1 Nov. 1863).
173. James A. Briggs to Chase, New York, 2 Nov. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC.
174. Thaddeus Stevens to Chase, Lancaster, 8 Oct. 1863, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (2 vols.; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997–1998), 1:413–414.
175. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel F. Du Pont, n.p., 5 Dec. 1863, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
176. Washington correspondence by Agate [Whitelaw Reid], 28 Oct., Cincinnati Gazette, 2 Nov. 1863; James A. Briggs to Chase, New York, 2 Nov. 1863, Chase Papers, DLC.
177. Washington correspondence, 2 Nov., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New
York), 7 Nov. 1863.
178. Baltimore American, 29 Oct. 1863.
179. Washington correspondence, 21 Oct., New York Tribune, 22 Oct. 1863.
180. OR, III, 3:861.
181. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 97 (entry for 22 Oct. 1863).
182. Donn Piatt, Memories of the Men Who Saved the Union (New York: Belford, Clarke, 1887), 45.
183. Lincoln to Augustus W. Bradford, Washington, 2 Nov. 1863, CWL, 6:556–557.
184. Washington correspondence, 9 Nov., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 14 Nov. 1863.
185. Augustus W. Bradford to George Vickers, Annapolis, 27 Oct. 1863, Bradford Papers, Maryland Historical Society.
186. John W. Crisfield to Augustus W. Bradford, Princess Anne, Maryland, 14 Nov. 1863, Crisfield Papers, Maryland Historical Society.
187. Israel Washburn Jr. to Lincoln, Orono, Maine, 15 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
188. Lincoln to Zachariah Chandler, Washington, 20 Nov. 1863, CWL, 7:24.
189. Washington correspondence, 4 Nov., New York Evening Post, 5 Nov. 1863.
190. Response to a serenade, 7 July 1863, CWL, 6:319–320.
191. John Murray Forbes to Lincoln, Boston, 8 Sept. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
192. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 20 (entry for 7 May 1861).
193. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 1st Session, 4 (4 July 1861).
194. Long Remembered: Facsimiles of the Five Versions of the Gettysburg Address in the Handwriting of Abraham Lincoln (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1963), 3; Collier’s, 7 Feb. 1925.
195. Washington correspondence, 14 Nov., Boston Evening Journal, 17 Nov. 1863.
196. Washington correspondence, 18 November, ibid., 20 November 1863.
197. CWL, 7:17.
198. Mary Todd Lincoln to Lincoln, Washington, 18 Nov. 1863, Justin G. Turner, Linda Levitt Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972), 158.
199. Nevins, War for the Union, 3:446–447.
200. Washington Daily Morning Chronicle, 21 Nov. 1863.
201. Pittsburgh Daily Commercial, 23 Nov. 1863.
202. Boston Evening Journal, 23 Nov. 1863.
203. Philadelphia Press, 20 Nov. 1863.
204. Benjamin Brown French, Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee’s Journal, 1828–1870, ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1989), 435–436.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 173
