277. James Taussig to members of a committee of Missouri Radicals, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 June 1863.
278. Finney to Smith, 29 Jan. 1864, in Ralph Volney Harlow, Gerrit Smith: Philanthropist and Reformer (New York: H. Holt, 1939), 439–440.
279. Fessenden to his son Frank, Washington, 23 Mar. 1864, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College; Fessenden to J. S. Pike, Washington, 9 Mar. 1864, Pike Papers, DLC.
280. Horace White to William P. Fessenden, Washington, 7 Nov. 1863, Fessenden Papers, DLC.
281. Marshall, ed., Correspondence of Butler, 4:66; 3:675–676; E. D. Webster to Seward, 3, 9, 14 Mar. 1864, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
282. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 197–198 (entry for 22 May 1864).
283. Carl Wittke, Against the Current: The Life of Karl Heinzen (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945), 189, 196.
284. Sinclair Tousey to Gerrit Smith, New York, 25 Mar. 1864, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.
285. Benjamin P. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), 424.
286. John D. Defrees to Richard W. Thompson, Washington, 16 Apr. 1864, Thompson Papers, LMF.
287. New York Tribune, 20 Mar. 1864.
288. Harlan Hoyt Horner, Lincoln and Greeley (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1953), 341–342.
289. David Davis to W. W. Orme, 29 Mar. 1864, David Davis Papers, IHi.
290. Carl Sandburg’s notes of an interview with Joseph Fifer, [1923], Sandburg-Barrett Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. Swett was Fifer’s informant.
291. Elizabeth Cady Stanton to Lydia Maria Child, New York, [ca. 22 Apr. 1864] in Ann D. Gordon, ed., The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony (4 vols.; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997–2006), 1:514.
292. James M. McPherson, The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964), 108; Dickinson to [Elizabeth Cady Stanton], Philadelphia, 12 July 1864, CSmH, quoted in J. Matthew Gallman, America’s Joan of Arc: The Life of Anna Elizabeth Dickinson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 40–41.
293. Boston Daily Courier, 28 Apr. 1864.
294. Gallman, Dickinson, 39.
295. McKim to Samuel J. May, Jr., Philadelphia, 6 May 1863, Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Manuscript Collection, Cornell University; McKim to William Lloyd Garrison, Washington, [9?] May [1864], and Kelley to McKim, Washington, 1 May 1864, copy enclosed in McKim to Garrison, Philadelphia, 3 May 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
296. Whitelaw Reid to Anna E. Dickinson, Washington, 3 Apr. 1864, Dickinson Papers, DLC.
297. George W. Smalley to Wendell Phillips, New York, 15 Mar. 1864, Phillips Papers, Harvard University, in Irving H. Bartlett, ed., Wendell and Ann Phillips: The Community of Reform, 1840–1880 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979), 188–191.
298. Phillips to Moncure D. Conway, n.p., 16 Mar. 1864, Conway Papers, Columbia University.
299. Wendell Phillips’s speech in Cooper Union, 22 Dec. 1863, New York Times, 23 Dec. 1863; Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 31 Dec. 1863.
300. Carl Wittke, Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952), 246.
301. Andrew to John Murray Forbes, n.p., n.d., in Hughes, ed., Forbes Letters, 2:122.
302. Frederick Douglass to E. Gilbert, Rochester, 23 May 1864, New York Times, 27 May 1864.
303. William Cheek and Aimee Lee Cheek, John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829–65 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 424.
304. Francis B. Carpenter, The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months at the White House (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 220–221.
305. Letter dated Boston, 27 May 1864, in Edward McPherson, The Political History of the United States of America During the Great Rebellion (Washington: Philp & Solomons, 1865), 412.
306. Stebbins to Garrison, 22 July 1864, The Liberator (Boston), in Howard, Religion and the Radical Republican Movement, 78.
307. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 18 June 1864.
308. Washington correspondence, 30 May, New York Daily News, 2 June 1864.
309. Oliver Johnson to Henry T. Cheever, Philadelphia, 16 June 1864, Cheever Family Papers, American Antiquarian Society.
310. Henry C. Wright to William L. Garrison, Valley Falls, 8 May 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
311. Child to Gerrit Smith, Wayland, Massachusetts, 23 July 1864, Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817–1880, ed. Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982), 445; Child to Whittier, n.p., n.d., in Helene Gilbert Baer, The Heart Is Like Heaven: The Life of Lydia Maria Child (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1964), 280.
312. Frémont to Worthington G. Snethen et al., New York, 4 June 1864, New York Daily News, 6 June 1864.
313. Simeon Nash to Chase, Gallipolis, Ohio, 10 June 1864, Chase Papers, DLC; Curtis to Daniel Ricketson, North Shore, New York, 30 June 1864, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.
314. Franklin B. Sanborn to Moncure D. Conway, Pepperell, Massachusetts, 20 June 1864, Conway Family Papers, Dickinson College.
315. Samuel May, Jr., to William Lloyd Garrison, Lexington, Massachusetts, [27?] June 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
316. Amasa J. Parker to Samuel J. Tilden, Albany, 7 July 1864, Tilden Papers, New York Public Library.
317. Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998), 562, 563.
318. Walter M. Merrill, ed., The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison (6 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971-1981), 5:181.
319. McPherson, Struggle for Equality, 260–261.
320. Auguste Laugel, The United States During the War (New York: Bailliere Brothers, 1866), 299 (diary entry for 13 Sept. 1864).
321. The Liberator (Boston), 18 Mar. 1864.
322. Garrison to Francis W. Newman, n.d., in Wendell Phillips Garrison et al., William Lloyd Garrison, 1805–1879: The Story of His Life Told by His Children (4 vols.; New York: Century, 1885–1889), 4:119–120.
323. Laugel, United States During the War, 302 (diary entry for 24 Sept. 1864).
324. William Lloyd Garrison to Lincoln, Boston, 13 Feb. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
325. The Liberator (Boston), n.d., copied in the National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 3 Sept. 1864.
326. The Liberator (Boston), n.d., copied in the National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 8 Oct. 1864.
327. Philadelphia Press, 17 Mar. 1864.
328. Lovejoy to Garrison, 22 Feb. 1864, The Liberator (Boston), n.d., copied in the Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 8 Apr. 1864.
329. Owen Lovejoy, His Brother’s Blood: Speeches and Writings, 1838–1864, ed. William F. Moore and Jane Ann Moore (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 380.
330. Ibid., 389.
331. Carpenter, Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln, 47–48.
332. Washington correspondence, 19 Oct. 1863, National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 23 Oct. 1863.
333. Child to Gerrit Smith, Wayland, Massachusetts, 23 July 1864, Letters of Child, ed. Meltzer and Holland, 445; Child to Whittier, n.p., n.d., in Baer, The Heart is Like Heaven, 280.
334. Lucy Stone to Susan B. Anthony, 12 July 1864, Blackwell Papers, DLC, in Wendy Hamand Venet, Neither Ballots Nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991), 140–141.
335. Elizabeth Buffum Chace to Garrison, Valley Falls, 5 May 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
336. Mott to Martha Coffin Wright et al., Philadelphia, 25 Jan. 1864, in Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., Selected Letters of Lucretia Coffin Mott (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 338.
337. Journal of Abby Hooper Gibbons, 20 July 1862, in Sarah Hopper Emerson, ed., Life of Abby Hopper Gibbons, Told Chiefly Throug
h Her Correspondence (2 vols.; New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1896–1897), 1:348.
338. Maria Weston Chapman to Lizzie Chapman Laugel, Weymouth, Massachusetts, 23 Feb. 1864, Weston Sisters Papers, Boston Public Library.
339. The Independent (New York), 29 June 1864; Tilton to Garrison, New York, 30 June 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
340. Simeon Nash to Chase, Gallipolis, Ohio, 10 June 1864, Chase Papers, DLC; Nash to John Sherman, Gallipolis, Ohio, 17 June 1864, Sherman Papers, DLC.
341. Oliver Johnson to Garrison, New York, 23 June 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
342. Child to Whittier, Wayland, Massachusetts, 19 June 1864, in John Albree, ed., Whittier Correspondence from the Oak Knoll Collections, 1830–1892 (Salem, MA: Essex Book and Print Club, 1911), 147.
343. Maria Weston Chapman to Lizzie Chapman Laugel, Weymouth, Massachusetts, 23 Feb. 1864, Weston Sisters Papers, Boston Public Library.
344. Brooks, Washington in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Mitgang, 142.
345. U. F. Murphy, Presidential Election, 1864: Proceedings of the National Union Convention Baltimore, Md., June 7th and 8th 1864 (New York: Baker & Godwin, 1864), 4.
346. The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1864 (New York: D. Appleton, 1865), 788.
347. Ibid.
348. Undated memo by Nicolay, [1891?], enclosed in Nicolay to Charles Eugene Hamlin, Washington, 24 Feb. 1896, in C. E. Hamlin, The Life and Times of Hannibal Hamlin (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1899), 593–594.
349. Nicolay to John Hay, Baltimore, 6 June 1864, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 145.
350. Endorsement, [6 June 1864], CWL, 7:376.
351. Nicolay to Hay, Baltimore, 5 June 1864, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 144.
352. George Luther Stearns to Andrew Johnson, Boston, 9 June 1864, LeRoy P. Graf and Ralph W. Haskins, eds., The Papers of Andrew Johnson (16 vols.; Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1967–2000), 6:721.
353. A. E. Johnston quoted in Margarita Spalding Gerry, ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1910), 45.
354. Brooks, Washington in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Mitgang, 148, 142.
355. Nicolay to Hay, Baltimore, 6 June 1864, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 145.
356. New York Journal of Commerce, n.d., copied in the New York Evening Express, 9 June 1864.
357. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 199 (entry for 5 June 1864).
358. Reply to serenade, 9 June 1864, CWL, 7:384.
359. Garrison to Helen E. Garrison, Philadelphia, 11 June 1864, Merrill, ed., Garrison Letters, 5:212.
360. William Garrison to his wife, 27 June 1864, Garrison Family Papers, Smith College, in Harriet Hyman Alonso, Growing Up Abolitionist: The Story of the Garrison Children (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002), 218.
361. Pennington to the editor of the Weekly Anglo-African, New York, 9 June 1864, issue of 25 June 1864.
362. Franklin B. Sanborn to Moncure D. Conway, Pepperell, Massachusetts, 20 June 1864, Conway Family Papers, Dickinson College; Franklin B. Sanborn to Moncure D. Conway, Florence, Massachusetts, 10 July 1864, Conway Papers, Columbia University.
363. New York Evening Post, 9 June 1864.
364. Ibid., 1 June 1864.
365. Lincoln to William Cullen Bryant, Washington, 27 June 1864, CWL, 7:410.
366. Round Table (New York), n.d., copied in the New York Evening Express, 9 June 1864.
367. CWL, 7:380.
368. Ibid., 7:383–384.
369. Committee of the National Union Convention to Lincoln, 14 June 1864, AL MSS DLC.
370. A. K. McClure, Our Presidents and How We Make Them (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900), 184.
371. New York World, n.d., copied in the New York Evening Express, 9 June 1864.
372. Butler to his wife, Fort Monroe, 11 June 1864, Marshall, ed., Correspondence of Butler, 4:337.
373. Theodore Tilton to Wendell Phillips, New York, 31 May 1864, Phillips Papers, Harvard University.
Chapter 33. “Hold on with a Bulldog Grip and Chew and Choke as Much as Possible”
1. Lieber to Charles Sumner, New York, 31 Aug. 1864, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
2. Response to a serenade, 10 Nov. 1864, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 8:101.
3. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 193–194 (entry for 30 Apr. 1864).
4. Brooks Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 278.
5. William Conant Church, Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1897), 248–249.
6. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Browns-word, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 2:26 (entry for 9 May 1864).
7. Lincoln to Grant, Washington, 30 Apr. 1864, CWL, 7:324.
8. Grant to Lincoln, Culpepper Court House, Virginia, 1 May 1864, in John Y. Simon, ed., The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967–), 10:380.
9. William O. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. 7,” New York Citizen, 29 Sept. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 173.
10. A. G. Riddle, Recollections of War Times: Reminiscences of Men and Events in Washington, 1860–1865 (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1895), 266.
11. Lincoln to W. C. Bryant, Washington, 27 June 1864, CWL, 7:410.
12. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., Diary of George Templeton Strong, 1835–1875 (4 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1952), 3:449 (entry for 20 May 1864).
13. Henry E. Wing, When Lincoln Kissed Me: A Story of the Wilderness Campaign (New York: Eaton & Mains, 1913), 38.
14. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 195 (entry for 9 May 1864).
15. Response to a serenade, 9 May 1864, CWL, 7:334.
16. Colfax in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American, 1886), 337.
17. Isaac N. Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1885), 375.
18. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 196 (entry for 14 May 1864).
19. Colfax in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 338.
20. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 15 May 1864, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 141.
21. Washington correspondence, 18 Apr., New York Examiner, 21 Apr. 1864, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 222.
22. John A. Dix to Stanton, New York, 18 May 1864, Lincoln Collection, ICHi.
23. James R. Gilmore to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 18 May 1864, Gay Papers, Columbia University.
24. J. G. Randall and Richard N. Current, Lincoln the President: Last Full Measure (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1955), 156, quoting Frank A. Flower to C. F. Gunther, 14 Feb. 1904, Gunther Papers, ICHi.
25. Lincoln to Dix, Washington, 18 May 1864, CWL, 7:348.
26. Stanton to Dix, Washington, 20 May 1864, OR, III, 4:394–395.
27. Henry E. Bowen interviewed in New York Times, 30 May 1875.
28. New York World, 23 May 1864.
29. Reed W. Smith, Samuel Medary and The Crisis: Testing the
Limits of Press Freedom (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1995), 140.
30. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:38 (entry for 23 May 1864).
31. James R. Gilmore to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 18 May 1864, Gay Papers, Columbia University.
32. Colfax, Life and Principles of Abraham Lincoln: Address Delivered at the Court House Square, at South Bend, April 24, 1865 (Philadelphia: J. B. Rodgers, 1865), 12.
33. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols.; New York: Century, 1890), 9:364.
34. Washington correspondence by R. S. B., 20 Aug., Philadelphia Inquirer, 22 Aug. 1864.
35. Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (2 vols.; New York: McClure, Phillips, 1900), 2:195.
36. Columbus, Ohio, Crisis, 3 Aug. 1864, in Smith, Medary, 91.
37. Lincoln to Grant, Washington, 15 June 1864, CWL, 7:393.
38. Speech, 19 May 1864, CWL, 7:395.
39. Noah Brooks, Washington, D. C., in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Herbert Mitgang (1895; Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 138.
40. Horace Porter to his wife, City Point, 24 June 1864, Porter Papers, DLC.
41. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Century, 1897), 218–219.
42. Sylvanus Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, ed. Benjamin P. Thomas (New York: Knopf, 1955), 233.
43. Horace Porter to his wife, City Point, 24 June 1864, Porter Papers, DLC; Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 219–220.
44. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 223.
45. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925–1933), 1:673 (entry for 26 June 1864).
46. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 223.
47. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:58 (entry for 24 June 1864).
48. Howard K. Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866 (Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1930, vol. IV; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), 378 (entry for 25 June 1864).
49. Alvin C. Voris of the 67th Ohio Infantry to J. H. Chamberlin, Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, 4 July 1864, typescript, Voris Papers, Virginia Historical Society.
50. Francis B. Carpenter, The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months at the White House (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 283.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 176
