Hanns and Rudolf

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Hanns and Rudolf Page 33

by Thomas Harding


  ultimate fate, 204, 234–6, 316–17

  RH writes character sketch, 263

  Pohl incriminates, 265

  Goebbels, Joseph, 74, 90, 294–5

  Goldensohn, Major Leon, 256–7

  Göring, Hermann, 151, 249, 260, 265, 321, 322

  Gottrupel, 201–2, 226, 241

  Graebner, Maximilian, 157, 305

  Graetz, Ann, see Alexander, Ann

  Graetz, Käte, 89

  Graetz, Paul, 89, 90–1, 297

  Graetz, Sara, 316

  Graetz, Wolfgang, 89

  Grese, Irma, 139, 180–1, 193

  Grey, Antonia (“Tonny”), 297

  Groß Glienecke, 45–6, 45

  Grosz, Ilona, 191

  Hamburg, 184, 192, 246

  Hammes, Judge Léon, 207, 217

  Hanfstaengl, Ernst Franz Sedgwick, 291

  Hansen, Hans Peter, 202

  Harding, Elsie (née Alexander), 18, 44

  joins father at front, 17

  and HA’s childhood pranks, 23

  marriage, 79

  leaves for Amsterdam, 83

  arrives in London, 87

  settles in with difficulty, 88

  family meet-ups, 90

  stripped of German nationality, 92–3

  correspondence with HA, 117–18, 121, 152–3

  changes name to Harding, 301

  dissuades husband from enlisting, 125

  Paul asks for help in finding a wife, 305

  asks HA to look for survivors, 309

  HA writes to about Nazi hunting, 185

  war spent in country, 186

  tells Ann to expect proposal, 225

  later life, 276

  death, 279

  Harding, Erich (formerly Hirschowitz), 79, 88, 90, 124–5, 186, 276

  Harris, Whitney, 250–1, 252–4, 253, 286, 320

  Hartford, Captain, 318

  Hartman, Rabbi, 173

  Hartmann, Paul, 292

  Hasenclever, Walter, 292

  Haystack, see Operation Haystack

  Heide, 201, 236, 243

  Heinrichson, Ernst, 307

  Hejaz railroad line, 14–15

  Helbig, Oscar George, 192

  Helger, Leo, 226

  Hengst, Richard, 215–17

  Hensel, Fritz, 105, 139–40, 198–9, 202, 226–8, 285, 317

  Hensel, Hedwig, see Höss, Hedwig

  Herff, Maximillian von, 146–7

  Herz, Emil W., 292

  Hess, Rudolf, 67, 249, 265, 322, 324

  Hess, Wolf Rudiger, 324

  Hilde (Alexander family cook), 23, 87

  Himmler, Gudrun, 324

  Himmler, Heinrich, 108

  appearance and background, 57–8

  appointed leader of SS, 56

  spends time with RH, 57–8

  appointed commander of Bavarian political police, 59–60

  develops SS, 60

  invites RH to join Dachau, 61

  appoints Eicke as Kommandant of Dachau, 65

  visits Dachau, 67

  recommends RH for promotion, 68

  rebuilds and extends Dachau, 68

  and changes of command at Sachsenhausen, 96

  plans for Auschwitz, 100, 101, 298

  visits to Auschwitz, 104–5, 298

  stomach problems, 104–5, 298

  plans to build Birkenau, 109–10

  orders implementation of Final Solution, 112–13, 322

  promotes RH to Major, 137

  Herff’s report on RH to, 146–7

  orders investigation into corruption in camps, 155–6

  removes RH from Auschwitz, 158–9

  Glücks’s fear of, 161–2

  orders Concentration Camp Inspectorate Records destroyed, 196

  abandons the fight, 199

  mentioned in war crimes interrogations, 180, 181

  death, 200–1

  gifts given to RH, 226, 315

  RH writes character sketch, 263

  daughter’s attitude, 324

  Hindenburg, Paul von, 57, 59, 76

  Hirsch, Miklos, 191

  Hirschowitz, Erich, see Harding, Erich

  Hitler, Adolf: Kindlkeller speech, 35–6, 291

  success in growing Nazi party, 291–2

  beer hall putsch and imprisonment, 38

  anti-Semitism, 53, 57

  rise to power, 56–7

  Himmler’s relationship with, 58

  appointed Chancellor, 59

  consolidation of power, 72

  plans to open Nazi exhibition spoiled, 77

  moves against Jews, 82, 294–5

  named as war criminal, 151

  death, 197

  Höcker, Karl, 165

  Hodys, Eleanor, 142–6, 303, 306

  Hoenig, Laszlo, 88

  Holocaust, see Jews

  Höss, Anagret (RH’s daughter): birth, 158

  RH visits, 163

  move to Berlin, 167

  flight to near Danish border, 196–9

  life in semi-hiding, 226–7

  RH’s last letter to, 271–2

  later life, 275

  Höss, Brigitte (Inge-Brigit; RH’s daughter), 102

  appearance, 101

  copy of parents’ wedding photo, 294

  birth, 58

  joins RH at Dachau, 64

  life at Dachau, 69, 294

  joins RH at Auschwitz, 100

  life at Auschwitz, 101–5, 110, 139–42, 302

  interviews with author, 298

  on Himmler, 298

  memories of RH, 302

  knowledge of Final Solution, 302–3

  stays at Auschwitz after RH moves to Sachsenhausen, 159

  RH visits, 163

  move to Berlin, 167

  flight to near Danish border, 196–9

  life in semi-hiding, 226–7

  on RH’s decision to flee abroad, 315–16

  interrogated by HA, 237–8, 317

  on Hedwig’s interrogation, 317–18

  on RH’s wedding ring, 323

  RH’s last letter to, 271–2, 323

  later life, 275

  and RH’s memoirs, 286

  Höss, Franz Xaver (RH’s father), 5, 6, 8, 9–10

  Höss, Hans-Jürgen (RH’s son), 102

  appearance, 101

  birth, 69

  joins RH at Auschwitz, 100

  life at Auschwitz, 101–5, 110, 139–42, 302

  knowledge of Final Solution, 283, 284, 302–3

  stays at Auschwitz after RH moves to Sachsenhausen, 159

  RH visits, 163

  move to Berlin, 167

  flight to near Danish border, 196–9

  life in semi-hiding, 226–7

  interrogated by HA, 237–8

  RH’s last letter to, 271–2

  later life, 275, 282, 283, 284

  Höss, Hedwig (née Hensel; RH’s wife), 102

  marries RH, 54–6, 55

  birth of family, 58–9

  agrees to RH returning to military life, 61

  joins RH at Dachau, 64

  knowledge of events in Dachau, 294

  life at Dachau, 69

  joins RH at Auschwitz, 100

  life at Auschwitz, 101–5, 110, 139–42, 302

  popularity there, 103, 298

  rare outings with RH, 106

  knowledge of Final Solution, 113, 142, 283, 303, 322

  possible affair with prisoner, 303

  stays at Auschwitz after RH moves to Sachsenhausen, 158, 159

  RH visits, 163

  move to Berlin, 167

  fears about war’s outcome, 169

  flight to near Danish border, 196–9, RH visits, 202

  life in semi-hiding, 226–7

  betrays RH under interrogation from HA, 236–9, 317–18

  RH writes to from captivity, 262, 263–4

  RH’s nickname for, 321–2

  RH’s last letter to, 271–2, 273

  RH’s wedding ring returned to, 2
71, 323

  later life, 275–6

  death, 324

  Höss, Heideraud (RH’s daughter), 102

  appearance, 101

  birth, 58

  joins RH at Dachau, 64

  life at Dachau, 69

  joins RH at Auschwitz, 100

  life at Auschwitz, 101–5, 110, 139–42, 302

  nickname at school, 140

  stays at Auschwitz after RH moves to Sachsenhausen, 159

  RH visits, 163

  move to Berlin, 167

  flight to near Danish border, 196–9

  life in semi-hiding, 226–7

  interrogated by HA, 237–8

  RH’s last letter to, 271–2

  later life, 275

  Höss, Irene (RH’s daughter-in-law), see Alba, Irene

  Höss, Klaus (RH’s son), 102

  appearance, 101

  birth, 58

  joins RH at Dachau, 64

  life at Dachau, 69

  joins RH at Auschwitz, 100

  life at Auschwitz, 101–5, 110, 139–42, 302

  stays at Auschwitz after RH moves to Sachsenhausen, 159

  RH visits, 163

  move to Berlin, 167

  flight to near Danish border, 196–8

  tries to join nonexistent resistance, 199

  life in semi-hiding, 226–7

  interrogated by HA, 237–8

  HA uses to get information from Hedwig, 238–9, 317–18

  RH’s last letter to, 271–2

  later life, 275

  Höss, Margarete (RH’s sister), 6, 30

  Höss, Maria (RH’s sister), 6, 30

  Höss, Paulina Speck (RH’s mother), 5, 6, 9, 12, 30

  Höss, Rainer (RH’s grandson), 281–6, 281, 315, 323

  Höss, Rudolf (RH): appearance, 16, 60

  name, xxi

  character, 2–3, 16

  birth and childhood, 5–11, 288

  kidnapped by Gypsies, 7

  love of horses, 7

  moves to Mannheim, 7

  father destines for priesthood, 8

  education, 8

  disillusionment with Catholic Church, 9

  serves as dragoon in First World War, 11–16

  first kill, 14

  his captain becomes father figure, 14, 16

  wounded three times, 15, 16, 289

  first sexual encounter, 15

  makes way home from war to discover no family left, 29–30

  joins Freikorps to fight in Latvia, 30–4

  sees atrocities, 32–3

  joins Nazis, 35–6

  Kadow murder, 37–8

  subsequent imprisonment, 38–43

  works on Artamanen farm, 52–6, 58–9

  and anti-Semitism, 53–4

  marries Hedwig, 54–6

  spends time with Himmler, 57–8

  birth of family, 58–9

  joins SS, 60–1

  joins Dachau, 61–5

  promotions and exposure to Dachau life, 66–9

  transferred to Sachsenhausen, 69–71

  executes friend, 71

  leaves Sachsenhausen to build and command Auschwitz, 96–101

  loss of trust in those around him, 99

  family life and visitors at Auschwitz, 101–5, 110, 139–42, 302

  attitude to Auschwitz prisoners, 105

  pressure makes him more taciturn, 105–6

  prisoners’ memories of, 106–8

  introduces euthanasia program, 110–11

  ordered to implement Final Solution, 112–16

  reaction to Final Solution experiment, 115

  role in Final Solution, 132–7, 301–2

  qualms, 136

  promoted to Major, 137

  management of prisoners, 138–9

  affair with Hodys, 142–6, 303

  Herff’s report on, 146–7

  named as war criminal, 151

  removed from Auschwitz after corruption investigation, 156–9

  moves to Sachsenhausen to work for Concentration Camp Inspectorate, 159–62

  visits all the camps to look into efficiency, 162

  supervises extermination of Hungarian Jews at Auschwitz, 163–5

  Morgen tries to investigate again but told to desist, 306

  revisits camps, 165–7

  sees Auschwitz prisoners on forced march to Belsen, 167–8

  visits Belsen for last time, 168–9

  mentioned in war crimes interrogations, 178, 179, 181, 190

  mentioned at Belsen Trial, 193

  escorts family to relative safety, 196–9

  flight in disguise to Sylt, 199–201

  works on farm, 201–2, 312

  British need to capture, 204

  plans flight abroad, 226–8

  HA hunts down, 234–9, 317–18

  arrest, 240–5, 284–5, 318–19

  confession, 243, 245, 253, 319

  sent to Nuremberg, 250–4

  visited by psychologists, 254–7

  testifies at Kaltenbrunner’s trial, 257–60

  transferred to Poland, 260–4

  memoirs, 264–7, 322, 326–7

  trial, 267–70

  execution, 272–4

  family tree, 329

  PHOTOS: with Bormann, 36

  (1928), 53

  marriage, 55

  in Auschwitz, 108, 141

  (1943), 165

  after arrest, 244

  transferred to Poland, 261

  trial, 270

  Hössler, Franz, 98, 133–4, 139, 165, 177–8, 193

  Hungary, 162–5

  Hurst, Sir Cecil, 150

  IG Farben, 108–9, 137, 138–9, 299

  Imperial Airways, 296

  Iron Brigade, 31, 32

  Isherwood, Christopher, 52

  Isle of Wight, 86

  Jackson, Robert, 248–9

  Jakubovitz, Helen, 191

  Japhet & Co. (bank), 85–6

  Jelgava, 32

  Jerusalem, battle for (1917), 14–15, 288–9

  Jews: as avengers, 3–4

  Alexander family Jewish identity, 26–8

  Berlin Neue Synagogue, 26, 27, 49, 90, 230

  Torahs, 27–8, 290

  German anti-Semitism, 53–4, 57

  Nazis move against, 72–4, 82

  increasing discrimination in Germany, 77–8

  German Jews’ attempts at self-preservation, 78–9

  initial ease of exit from Germany, 81, 87, 296–7

  temporary relaxation of persecution for Olympic Games, 82

  Kristallnacht, 90–1

  German exodus starts, 91

  reception in England, 91–2

  differences between German and English traditions, 92

  Belsize Square Synagogue set up, 92

  Final Solution, 112–16, 131–7, 156–8

  Warsaw Ghetto, 149, 300

  British mass internment of, 124–5

  Allies’ knowledge of and reaction to Final Solution, 148–52, 304

  fate of Hungarian Jews, 162–-5, 164

  conditions in Belsen, 166

  Auschwitz prisoners on forced march to Belsen, 167–8

  war crimes interrogations, 174–82, 189–92, 307–8

  Belsen Trial, 192–3

  Auschwitz death stats, 137, 192–3, 258–9, 268, 310–11, 322

  fate of Luxembourg Jews, 206

  Holocaust revisionists, 319

  see also Alexander Torah; war criminals

  Jones, Ken, 318

  Jordan, Battle of, see Amman, First Attack on

  Judalewsky, Isaak, 191

  Juskowitz, Sara, 107

  Kadow, Walter, 37–8

  Kahr, Gustav von, 38

  Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 158, 249, 254, 257, 265, 321

  Kalter, Sabine, 292

  Kapp, Wolfgang, 291

  Kauffmann, Dr. Kurt, 257

  Kayser, Rudolf, 292

  Kindertransport (Refugee Children Movement), 91

  Kitc
hener Camp, 118–21

  Klein, Fritz, 164, 177, 179–80, 193

  Klein, George, 107–8

  Koblenz, 208

  Koch, Karl, 155

  Koolish, Sergeant, 237

  Krakow: Montelupich prison, 261–2

  Kramer, Josef, 165, 189

  appearance and background, 98

  at Auschwitz, 98, 105

  promoted to head Birkenau, 139

  takes over Belsen, 166, 169

  career overview, 310

  interrogated by HA, 189–90

  absence from RH’s memoirs, 297–8

  trial and execution, 193, 312

  Kristallnacht (1938), 90–1

  Kurzke, Alfred, 191–2

  Lang, Fritz, 48

  Lasker, Anita, 222–4, 223

  Latvia, 30, 31–4

  Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (1933), 74

  League of Jewish Women, 187

  Leo Perl (bank), 76

  Levy, Herbert, 306, 319

  Ley, Robert, 64, 251, 322

  Liebehenschel, Arthur, 163–4

  Lolling, Enno, 111, 151, 160–1, 198, 204, 234

  Longerich, Peter, 294

  Loritz, Hans, 96, 306

  Ludendorff, Erich, 57–8

  Luxembourg, 206

  Lyons corner houses, 86

  Mackay, C. S., 318

  Malzyner, Maria, 191

  Manhattan Project, 304

  Mannheim, 7

  Massary, Fritzi, 292

  Maurer, Gerhard, 160, 198, 199, 204, 234, 263

  Max und Moritz (children’s book), 23, 141, 280

  Mengele, Josef, 105, 139, 164, 165, 177, 227, 300

  Mesopotamian Campaign (1916–17), 12–14, 288

  Metropolis (film), 48

  Meyer, Otto, 73, 80, 230, 293

  Mittelbau-Dora, 192

  Moll, Otto, 165

  Monowitz, 137, 299

  Morgen, Konrad, 155–9, 303, 305, 306

  Müller, Hermann, 57

  Muller, Captain Léone, 215, 216–17, 218, 219

  Munich: Hitler’s Kindlkeller speech, 35–6, 291

  beer hall putsch, 38

  Mussolini, Benito, 35

  Napoleon III, French emperor, 5

  Natzweiler-Struthof, 310

  Nazis: origins and early days, 35–6

  beer hall putsch, 38

  early growth, 291–2

  early rallies, 48

  attitude to Berlin, 52

  link with Artamanen League, 53

  rise to power, 56–7, 59

  consolidation of power, 72

  moves against Jews, 72–4, 82

  expedition of Jewish exodus, 296–7

  Kristallnacht, 90–1

  overview of postwar fate, 227

  Newbury, 123

  Nikitina, Alice, 292

  Normandy landing (1944), 128

  nuclear weapons, 304

  Nuremberg Trials: overview, 248–9

  RH’s time in captivity there, 250–7

  RH’s testimony at Kaltenbrunner’s trial, 257–60

  languages used, 321

  sentences, 321

  ODESSA network, 234, 317

  Olympic Games (1936), 82

  Operation Haystack (1945–46): hunt for Simon, 204–19, 313–15

 

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