build a new headquarters: At the time this book went to press, the location of a planned new headquarters was still being hotly debated.
FBI’s Most Wanted list: “Most Wanted: Counterintelligence,” FBI, https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/counterintelligence.
hyping its own foreign espionage: “Nanzi tou mai 90 xiang guojia jiemi qingbao; huoli 70 wan meiyuan bei pan sixing,” Beijing Times, April 19, 2016, https://new.qq.com/cmsn/20160419/20160419004086.
titled “Dangerous Love”: “Dangerous Love on National Security Education Day,” China Law Translate, April 16, 2016, https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/nsed/.
unveiled a hotline: DD Wu, “Anti-Espionage: A New Mass Line Campaign in China?,” The Diplomat, April 17, 2017, https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/anti-espionage-a-new-mass-line-campaign-in-china/.
“innovation demonstration” labs: “Dabeinong cheng shou pi guojia nongye; keji chuangxin yu zhenghe shifan jidi,” Science and Technology Daily, December 28, 2014, http://big5.china.com.cn/gate/big5/finance.china.com.cn/roll/20141228/2875843.shtml.
more than doubled: The company’s operating revenue also increased from $1.7 trillion in 2012 to $2.5 trillion in 2015.
$43 billion bid for Syngenta: Details on this deal are drawn from reporting I did for Science, “China Aims to Sow a Revolution with GM Seed Takeover,” April 7, 2017, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6333/16.summary.
flashy fifteen-year anniversary bash: Details on this event are drawn from “15 zai rongyao jidian; yangfan gong qi xin cheng,” Kings Nower, http://www.jsnh.com.cn/archives/324.html; and “Dabeinong zuowu keji chanye Jinse Nonghua chuangye shiwu zhounian jinian dahui longzhong juxing,” Dabeinong Group, August 16, 2018, http://www.dbn.com.cn/html/20160816/44925.html.
“a major battleground”: “Dabeinong zuowu keji changye . . . ,” Dabeinong Group, August 16, 2018.
DBN would become: “Shao Genhuo: Cong 20,000 yuan dao bai yi shenjia,” Sina .com, April 12, 2010, http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/newstock/zxdt/20100412/16237733850.shtml.
in all fifty states: “A Chat with the Director of the FBI,” Aspen Security Forum, July 18, 2018, https://aspensecurityforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ASF-2018-A-Chat-with-Christopher-Wray.pdf.
“The volume of it”: Ibid.
“a whole-of-society threat”: Christopher Wray, testimony before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, February 13, 2018, https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/hearings/open-hearing-worldwide-threats-hearing-1. [No longer available. Archived version at https://web.archive.org/web/20190121160723/https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/hearings/open-hearing-worldwide-threats-hearing-1.]
national intelligence law: Murray Scot Tanner, “Beijing’s New National Intelligence Law: From Defense to Offense,” Lawfare, July 20, 2017, https://www.lawfareblog.com/beijings-new-national-intelligence-law-defense-offense.
never got a reply: Interview with Haipei Shue.
arresting nearly 1,300 Japanese Americans: Toshio Whelchel, From Pearl Harbor to Saigon: Japanese American Soldiers and the Vietnam War (London: Verso, 1999), 197.
reported the Chinese grants: Other advantages to working part-time in China include a more permissive biomedical ethics environment and access to abundant graduate students.
took technologies back to China: There is no evidence that this happened in the MD Anderson cases.
set up “shadow labs”: Jocelyn Kaiser and David Malakoff, “NIH Investigating Whether U.S. Scientists Are Sharing Ideas with Foreign Governments,” Science, August 27, 2018, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/nih-investigating-whether-us-scientists-are-sharing-ideas-foreign-governments.
accounts of twenty-three employees: The account that follows is based on reporting I did for Science. See: “Exclusive: Major U.S. Cancer Center Ousts ‘Asian’ Researchers After NIH Flags Their Foreign Ties,” April 19, 2019, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04/exclusive-major-us-cancer-center-ousts-asian-researchers-after-nih-flags-their-foreign; and “Concerns About Ties to China Prompt Firings,” April 26, 2019, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6438/314.
the charges were dropped: Rachel Leingang, “Keping Xie, Former U. of Arizona Prof, Cleared of Child Porn Charge in Texas,” Arizona Republic, November 29, 2018, https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-education/2018/11/29/keping-xie-former-university-arizona-medical-school-professor-cleared-child-pornography/2151078002/.
audio recording of the event: Details from this recording appear in my article “After Ousters, MD Anderson Officials Try to Calm Fears of Racial Profiling,” Science, April 23, 2019, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04/after-firings-md-anderson-officials-try-calm-fears-racial-profiling.
“How can you”: Ibid.
urging U.S. universities: Emily Feng, “FBI Urges Universities to Monitor Some Chinese Students and Scholars in the U.S.,” NPR, June 28, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/06/28/728659124/fbi-urges-universities-to-monitor-some-chinese-students-and-scholars-in-the-u-s.
Americans on study-abroad: Emily Feng, “American Graduates of China’s Yenching Academy Are Being Questioned by the FBI,” NPR, August 1, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/08/01/746355146/american-graduates-of-chinas-yenching-academy-are-being-questioned-by-the-fbi.
“These are the top talents”: Interview with Steven Pei.
Science and Technology Cooperation Award: “MD Anderson Receives Top Chinese Science and Technology Award,” MD Anderson, January 16, 2015, https://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/md-anderson-receives-top-chinese-science-and-technology-award.h00-158984289.html.
vice president flew to Beijing: This was reported on the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs website, http://www.safea.gov.cn, on August 28, 2017. The site has since been shut down following government reorganization.
CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE
call it Club Fed: Asher Hawkins, “In Pictures: America’s 10 Cushiest Prisons,” Forbes, July 13, 2009, https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/13/best-prisons-cushiest-madoff-personal-finance-lockups_slide.html#598e985d3fb6.
oncologists from Wake Forest: U.S. v. Mo Hailong, Document 660 (November 1, 2016).
“old friend of the Chinese people”: “‘Old Friend’ Branstad Is Welcome as Next Ambassador, Says Beijing,” China Daily, December 9, 2016, http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2016-12/09/content_27623451.htm.
Branstad faced off with Miller: “US Considered Ban on Student Visas for Chinese Nationals,” Financial Times, October 2, 2018, https://www.ft.com/content/fc413158-c5f1-11e8-82bf-ab93d0a9b321.
“is a spy”: Annie Karni, “Trump Rants Behind Closed Doors with CEOs,” Politico, August 8, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2018/08/08/trump-executive-dinner-bedminster-china-766609.
“easy to win”: Donald Trump, Twitter post, March 2, 2018, 2:50 A.M., https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/969525362580484098.
CHINA IS NOT AFRAID: “Da maoyizhan? Zhongguo bu pa shi,” Xinhua, March 26, 2018, http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/26/c_1122588181.htm.
hundreds of millions in revenue: Edward Balistreri et al., “The Impact of the 2018 Trade Disruptions on the Iowa Economy,” Iowa State University Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, September 2018, https://www.card.iastate.edu/products/publications/synopsis/?p=1281.
urging farmers to take: Rod Boshart, “Branstad Urges Farmers to ‘Take the Long View’ in U.S.-China Trade Dispute,” Gazette, July 14, 2018, https://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/government/branstad-urges-us-farmers-to-take-the-long-view-as-trade-dispute-between-china-and-united-states-continues-20180714.
$2 billion decline: Balistreri et al., “Impact of the 2018 Trade Disruptions.”
got less than $5 . . . large agricultural companies: Donnelle Eller, “Dozens of Iowa Farmers Get Less Than $25 from Trump Tariff Assistance, Data Show,” Des Moines Register, November 25, 2018, https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/20
18/11/25/federal-trade-assistance-trickles-iowa-farmers-hurt-trade-war/2065652002/.
“Many Iowans remember”: Terry Branstad, “Responding to China’s Ad in the Des Moines Register, Trump’s Ambassador Calls Out China,” Des Moines Register, September 30, 2018, https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2018/09/30/ambassador-terry-branstad-says-china-uses-us-free-press-bully-farmers-over-trade-war-tariffs/1454749002/.
argue against regulating them: In April 2018, for example, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg told the U.S. Senate Commerce and Judiciary Committees that the United States should strike a balance between the need to obtain “special consent for sensitive features like facial recognition” and the risk that “we’re going to fall behind Chinese competitors and others around the world who have different regimes for different, new features like that.” Natasha Lomas, “Zuckerberg Urges Privacy Carve Outs to Compete with China,” TechCrunch, April 10, 2018, https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/10/zuckerberg-urges-privacy-carve-outs-to-compete-with-china/.
a former Dow executive: Marc Heller, “Trump Picks Entomologist to Lead U.S. Farm Research Programs,” E&E News, July 17, 2018, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/trump-picks-entomologist-lead-us-farm-research-programs.
a probable carcinogen: Other regulatory agencies have arrived at different conclusions.
A new name: It wasn’t the first time Monsanto executives proposed changing it.
“all of the efforts”: Charla Lord, email correspondence with author, July 29, 2019.
“great building’s tottering crash”: Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, vol. 1, The Golden Days, trans. David Hawkes (London: Penguin, 1973), 143.
an “evil mastermind”: Interview with Robert Mo.
“No consequence for law”: Ibid.
“competitor that is not Caucasian”: Tara Francis Chan, “State Department Official on China Threat,” Newsweek, May 2, 2019, https://www.newsweek.com/china-threat-state-department-race-caucasian-1413202. Skinner was later fired.
“control, domination and exploitation”: “Guiding Principles of the Committee,” Committee on the Present Danger: China, https://presentdangerchina.org/guiding-principles/.
a “stealth jihad”: “Terror from Within: A Panel Discussion on ‘Stealth Jihad,’” Center for Security Policy, February 11, 2019, https://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/2009/02/11/terror-from-within-a-panel-discussion-on-stealth-jihad-2/. Frank Gaffney has also advanced the falsehood that President Obama might be a closet Muslim.
“He caught a Chinese national”: Michael R. Pompeo, “Remarks to the Iowa Farm Bureau,” March 4, 2019, https://www.state.gov/remarks-to-the-iowa-farm-bureau/.
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