151 Bergot. Pages 134–135, & Mesquida. Page 189, & Dronne. CdeR. Page 329.
152 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 329–330.
153 Dronne. CdeR. Page 330.
154 Dronne. CdeR. Page 330, & Bergot. Page 135.
155 Dronne. CdeR. Page 331.
156 Bergot. Pages 135–136.
157 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 331–332.
158 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 332–333.
159 Mesquida. Pages 159–160.
160 Dronne. CdeR. Page 333.
161 Dronne. CdeR. Page 334.
162 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 334–335.
163 Mesquida. Page 158.
164 Nogueères. Vol5. Page 544.
165 Bourderon. Page 450.
166 Dronne. CdeR. Page 335.
167 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 335–336.
168 Dronne. CdeR. Page 336.
169 Collins/Lapierre. Page 280.
170 Collins/Lapierre. Pages 280–281.
171 Massiet. PIBP. Pages 191–192.
172 Massiet. Page 192.
173 Bourderon. Pages 451–452, & Dronne. CdeR. Page 336.
174 Dronne. CdeR. Page 337.
175 Dronne. CdeR. Page 337.
176 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 337–338.
177 Dronne. CdeR. Page 338.
178 Notin. Page 271, & Girard. Page 270.
179 Massu. Pages 139–140.
180 Bergot. Page 147, & Massu. Pages 140–141.
181 Billotte. Pages 320–321.
182 Girard. Pages 270–271, & Boissieu. Page 253, & Muller, KJ. Le développement des operations du groupe d’armées B fin juillet-fin aout 1944. Essay for Paris 1944. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 112.
183 Muller, KJ. Essay. Pages 115 and 124, & Choltitz memoirs. Page 229.
184 Girard. Pages 270–271, & Boissieu. Page 253.
185 Branet. Page 179, & Bergot. Pages 138–139.
186 Branet. Page 179, & Bergot. Page 139.
187 Billotte, Page 321.
188 Bergot. Page 139.
189 Bergot. Page 139.
190 Galtier-Boissière. Pages 275–276.
191 Billotte. Page 322, & Branet. Page 179.
192 Mousseau. Page 113.
193 Dronne. CdeR. Page 338.
194 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 339–340.
195 Bergot. Pages 139–140.
196 Bergot. Pages 140–141.
197 Bergot. Pages 141–142.
198 Bergot. Pages 142–143.
199 Now the site of the Cinema Bretagne.
200 Dronne. LdeP. Page 287.
201 SNCF PC de Montparnasse. Journal of 24–26 August 1944. Notes of F Courbel. Page 2.
202 Bergot. Page 155.
203 Courbel. (Bourget.)
204 Courbel.
205 Girard. Page 271.
206 Billotte. Pages 322–323.
207 Nordling. Page 152, & Dronne. Page 300.
208 Nordling. Page 152.
209 Nordling. Page 153, & Dronne, LdeP, Pages 300–301.
210 Nordling. Page 153, & Dronne, LdeP, Page 301.
211 Massu. Page 141.
212 Massu. Page 142, & Bergot. Page 148.
213 Bergot. Page 148.
214 Massu. Page 142, & Bergot. Page 148.
215 Bergot. Page 149.
216 Massu. Page 142.
217 Bergot. Pages 149–150.
218 Girard, Page 273. Billotte. Page 323. Bergot Page 157, & Dansette. Page 287.
219 Girard. Page 273.
220 Billotte. Pages 323–324.
221 Branet. Page 181.
222 Bergot. Page 157.
223 Massu. Page 142, & Bergot. Page 150.
224 Massu. Page 142, & Bergot. Page 150.
225 Bergot. Page 150, & Pérouse de Montclos. Page 534. The scaffolding for the repair of this sculpture was still standing at the time of Leclerc’s funeral during December 1947.
226 Branet. Page 181.
227 Valland, Rose. Le Front de l’Art. Plon 1961.
228 Bergot. Page 158, & Dronne. LdeP. Pages 301–302.
229 Bergot. Page 158, & Branet. Page 181.
230 Bergot. Page 158.
231 Bergot Page 158, & Dronne. LdeP. Page 302.
232 Maggiar. Page 214.
233 Wallraf Testimony, & Paris 1944. Page 303, & Bergot. Page 153.
234 Bergot Pages 158–159, & Paris 1944. Les Enjeux de la Libération. Pages 303–304.
235 Wallraf Testimony.
236 Branet. Page 182.
237 Choltitz. Page 253.
238 Choltitz. Page 254.
239 Choltitz. Page 254.
240 Dronne. LdeP. Page 304.
241 Collins/Lapierre. Page 341. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre claimed to have done hundreds of interviews for Is Paris Burning? But in their account of the taking of the Hôtel Meurice even the tank names of Branet’s squadron are wrong.
242 Billotte. Page 325.
243 Billotte. Page 326.
244 Billotte. Pages 326–327.
245 Dronne. LdeP. Page 305, & Kriegel-Valrimont. Page 66.
246 Choltitz. Page 254, & Notin. Page 273.
247 Bergot. Page 160.
248 Choltitz. Pages 254–255.
249 Choltitz. Page 255.
250 Bourderon. Testimony of Rol-Tanguy. Page 454.
251 Bergot Page 151, & Massu. Page 143.
252 Massu. Page 143, & Bergot. Page 152.
253 Bergot. Page 151, & Massu. Pages 143–144.
254 Massu. Page 144.
255 Bruce. Pages 171–173.
256 Bruce. Pages 173–174.
257 Baker. Page 634.
258 Gilot, Francoise. Vivre avec Picasso. McGraw Hill, 1964. Pages 60–61, & Éditions 10/18. Pages 55–56, & Huffington, Arianna Stasinopoulos. Picasso. Simon and Schuster, 1988. Page 286. Quoting an article by John Pudsey in the New Statesman from September 1944. I have inserted this incident here because it fits with the geography of Hemingway’s visit to Sylvia Beach a few streets away.
259 Beach. Pages 219–220.
260 Beach. Page 220.
261 John Follain, Reuters. 25 August 1944. Published Deseret News on line.
262 Dronne. CdeR. Page 341.
263 Choltitz. Pages 255–256, & Bourderon. Page 454.
264 Kriegel-Valrimont. Page 67.
265 Notin. Page 274.
266 Bourderon. Page 454.
267 Article. Le Monde. 9e November 1966.
268 Kriegel-Valrimont. Page 65.
269 Massiet. Raymond. Le Carnaval des libérés ou la drame de ceux qui se disaient français. Vautrain. Page 105.
270 Boissieu, Alain de. Addressing the Colloque of February 1994. Paris 1944. Les Enjeux de la Libération. Albin Michel, 1994. Débats. Page 510.
271 Betz. Statement.
Chapter 8
1 De Gaulle. Page 576, & Lacouture. Page 572.
2 Aron. Page 305.
3 De Gaulle. Page 576.
4 De Gaulle. Page 577, & Lacouture. Page 572.
5 Dronne. LdeP. Pages 308–309.
6 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 319–320.
7 Lacouture. Page 572, & De Gaulle. Page 577, & De Gaulle, Philippe. Page 320.
8 De Gaulle. Philippe. Page 320, & De Gaulle, MdeG. Page 577. I have inserted the incident involving de Gaulle’s son in the order that de Gaulle himself describes the incidents at the Gare Montparnasse in his Memoirs de Guerre.
9 Notin. Page 275, & De Gaulle, Page 578, & Boissieu. Pages 255–256.
10 Notin. Page 275, & De Gaulle. Page 578.
11 De Gaulle. Page 578, & Dansette. Page 307.
12 De Gaulle. Page 578.
13 Dronne. LdeP. Page 314, & De Gaulle. Page 578, & Dansette. Pages 309–310, & Billotte. Page 328.
14 Dronne. LdeP Pages 314–315. & Massiet Page 83 & De Gaulle Pages 578–579.
15 Valland, Rose. Le Front de l’Art. Plon 1961. Quoted by Robert M. Edsel. Monuments Men. Preface Publishing, 2009. Pages 203–204.
16 Wallraf. Statement.
17 De Gaulle
, Philippe. Pages 320–322.
18 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 322–323.
19 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 323–324.
20 Taittinger. Pages 247–248.
21 Taittinger. Pages 248–249.
22 Taittinger. Page 249.
23 Boissieu. Page 256.
24 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 324–325.
25 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 325–326.
26 Bergot. Page 161–162.
27 Bergot. Page 162, & Dronne. LdeP. Pages 308–309.
28 Bergot. Page 162, & Dronne. LdeP. Page 309.
29 Bergot. Page 162, & Dronne. LdeP. Page 310.
30 Bergot. Page 162, & Dronne. LdeP. Page 310.
31 Muller, KJ. Le développement des operations du groupe d’armées B fin-Juillet-fin Aout 1944. Essay for Paris 1944. Albin Michel, 1994. Pages 115–116.
32 Dronne. LdeP. Page 311.
33 Bergot. Pages 162–163, & Dronne. LdeP. Pages 310–311.
34 Ragueneau. Page 112. Interview with Roger Stéphane.
35 Massiet. Page 99.
36 Lacouture. Pages 547–575, & De Gaulle. Page 580, & Ragueneau. Page 112.
37 Lacouture Page 575, & De Gaulle. Page 580.
38 Massu, Jacques. Sept ans avec Leclerc. Plon 1974. Pages 147–148.
39 Courdesses, Colonel Maurice. Les combats de la 2e Division Blindée dans Paris. Essay for Paris 1944. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 311.
40 Kaiser, Arthur. Un artisan Alsacien dans la Division Leclerc. Éditons Muller. 2001. Page 149.
41 De Gaulle. Page 580–581.
42 De Gaulle. Page 581.
43 Dansette. Pages 319–320.
44 Bergot. Page 163, & Jaufret, Professor Jean-Charles. Les combats de la 2e DB au nord de Paris. Essay for Paris 1944, Les Enjeux de la Libération. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 345.
45 Boissieu. Page 257.
46 Boissieu. Pages 257–258, & Massu. Pages 148–149.
47 Bergot. Page 164.
48 Massu. Page 149.
49 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 326–327.
50 Branet. Pages 182–183.
51 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 342–343.
52 Dronne. CdeR. Page 343.
53 Compagnon, General Jean. Débats for the 1994 Colloque. Quoted in Paris 1944, Les Enjeux de la Libération. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 364.
54 Beevor. Pages 510–511, using NA II 407/427/24235, & Hodges Diaries.
55 Lottman. Pages 522–524, & Aron. Page 306.
56 Dronne. Pages 343–344.
57 Dansette. Pages 319–320.
58 Vinatier, Jean. Le Cardinal Suhard. Le Centurion. 1983, Page 199.
59 Vinatier. Pages 199–200.
60 Vinatier. Pages 200–201.
61 Juin, Maréchal Alphonse. Mémoires. Fayard. 1959.
62 Lacouture. Page 577.
63 This somewhat fruity version can be found in Arthur Kaiser’s book on page 153. Since he is a close friend of Leclerc’s eldest surviving son, Hubert, this anecdote seems likely to be true. A slightly cleaned up version also exists in Paul de Langlade’s En Suivant Leclerc on Page 226.
64 Dansette. Page 320.
65 Vinatier. Page 201.
66 Moisson. Pages 126–127.
67 Dansette. Pages 326–327, & Mesquida. Pages 166 & 212.
68 Gallois statement. AN 72AJ/61/1/17. Page 42.
69 De Gaulle. Pages 582–583.
70 Langlade, Paul de. En suivant Leclerc. Au fil d’Ariane, 1964. Pages 224–225.
71 Article by Francois Audigier. La Media et la Liberation. Christian Delporte, 2006. Page 393.
72 Kriegel-Valrimont. Pages 68–69.
73 De Gaulle. Page 583.
74 Dronne. CdeR. Page 344.
75 De Gaulle. Pages 583–584.
76 Kriegel-Valrimont. Page 69.
77 De Gaulle. Pages 584–585.
78 Moisson. Page 128.
79 Dronne. CdeR. Page 344.
80 Dronne. CdeR. Page 345, & Moisson. Page 129.
81 Vinatier. Pages 202–203.
82 Bourget. Page 384, quoting testimony by Monsignor Brot.
83 De Gaulle, Charles. Mémoires de Guerre. Plon, 1999. Page 586.
84 Brot. Témoignage.
85 Guillebon. Témoignage.
86 Brot. Témoignage.
87 Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time. Volume 2. The Infernal Grove. Page 211.
88 Lacouture, Vol 2. Page 3.
89 Brot. Témoignage.
90 Brot. Témoignage.
91 De Gaulle. Page 587.
92 Boissieu. Page 259.
93 Pierquin. Page 134.
94 Bourget. Page 387.
95 Giolitto. Page 358. Milicien Mansuy’s fate remains a point of controversy. One version, told by Adrien Dansette, has it that he was recognised at the Hôtel de Ville on the afternoon of the 25th shortly before de Gaulle’s arrival and then interrogated through the night, before being shot, presumably on the 26th. But Pierre Giolitto, the historian of the Milice, says Mansuy was arrested on the 26th at the Hôtel de Ville, and killed the following day, i.e. the 27th.
96 Gribius. Page 139.
97 Gribius. Page 140.
98 Whitcombe, Elisabeth. Never a Dull Moment. Ashmole Books, 1994. Page 71.
99 Goudeket. Pages 167–168.
100 Maule. Pages 227–228.
101 Maule. Page 228.
102 Beevor and Cooper. Pages 79–80.
103 Muggeridge. Vol 2. Page 221.
104 Feliciano, Hector. The Lost Museum. Basic Books. New York, 1995. Pages 49–50.
105 Fraser, General Sir David. Wars and Shadows. Penguin Allen Lane, 2002. Pages 215–216.
106 Fraser. Page 217.
107 Baker. Pages 637–638.
108 Quoted from Carlos Baker’s biography of Hemingway, Page 638.
109 Baker. Pages 638–639, & Todd. Pages 288–299.
110 Dansette. Page 334.
111 Collins/Lapierre. Page 374.
112 Bruce. Page 177.
113 Dansette. Page 334.
114 Bourget. Page 390.
115 Bourget, Page 390.
116 Bourget. Page 399.
117 Bruce. Pages 177–178.
118 Fraser. Page 218, & Duff Cooper. Page 337.
119 Carrington. Reflect On Things Past. Collins, 1988. Pages 55–56.
120 Fraser. Pages 217–218.
121 Cobb, Matthew. Eleven Days in August. Simon and Schuster, 2013. Page 358.
122 Branet. Pages 185.
123 Boissieu. Page 260.
124 Girard. Page 275.
125 Compagnon. Pages 414–415.
126 De Gaulle. Philippe Page 330, & Boissieu. Page 260.
127 Boissieu. Page 260.
128 Cook. Page 251.
129 D’Este. Eisenhower. Page 576.
130 Cook. Page 251.
131 D’Este. Eisenhower. Pages 576–577.
132 D’Este. Page 577, & Blumenson. Page 627.
133 Notin. Pages 279–280, using Leclerc letter 27/8/44. SHAT 1K239(8).
134 Lacouture, Vol 2. Page 8.
135 Eisenhower. Crusade in Europe. Op cit.
136 D’Este. Page 577.
137 Kriegel-Valrimont. Page 70.
138 Bradley Page. 309.
139 Galtier-Boissière. Pages 286–287.
140 Ibid. Pages 287–288.
141 Ibid. Pages 288–289.
142 Boegner. Pages 300–301.
143 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 346–347.
144 Dronne. CdeR. Page 347.
145 Dronne. CdeR. Pages 347–348.
146 Dronne. CdeR. Page 348.
147 Bourget. Page 402, & Glass. Page 401.
148 Bourget. Page 403.
149 Miller Papers. 3/1/45 Letter to Reed Switzer. EPSHS.
150 Girard. Page 276.
151 Muller, KJ. Le développement des operations du groupe d’armées B fin Juillet-fin-Aout 1944. Essay for Paris 1944. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 120, & OKW/WFst 28/8/1944. 12.45pm. /Ia No 770/44 sec.
153 Choltitz. Pages 261–263.
154 Neitzel. Pages 17–20.
155 Neitzel. Page 94.
156 Neitzel. Pages 190–191.
157 Neitzel. Pages 257–259.
158 Neitzel. Page 192. On page 75 of his 2014 book Disobeying Hitler, Randall Hansen casts some doubt on whether von Choltitz actually said this since, while transcripts survive, the original recordings do not, nor is there any corroborating evidence that von Choltitz was involved in any massacres of Jews in Russia.
159 Paris 1944. Les Enjeux de la Libération. Débats. Albin Michel, 1994. Page 179.
160 Girard. Page 277.
161 Girard. Page 277.
162 Notin. Pages 280–281.
163 Branet. Page 185.
164 De Gaulle, Philippe. Pages 331–332.
165 De Gaulle, Philippe, & Tauriac. Page 352.
166 De Gaulle & Tauriac. Pages 352–353.
167 Girard. Page 277.
168 Picardy, Justine. Coco Chanel. The Legend and the Life. Harper Collins, 2010. Pages 262–263.
169 Muggeridge, Vol 2. Pages 241–242.
170 Huffington. Pages 283–284.
171 Huffington. Page 285.
172 Huffington. Page 286.
Epilogue
1 Notin, Jean Christophe. Leclerc. Perrin, 2005. Page 281.
2 Cobb, Matthew. Eleven Days in August. Simon and Schuster, 2013. Pages 358–359. Cobb is very strong on the human and compassionate side of the Paris story.
3 Norwich, John Julius. The Duff Cooper Diaries. Weidenfeld, 2005. Page 320.
4 Ibid. Page 321.
5 Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time. The Infernal Grove. Collins. 1973. Page 234.
6 The Duff-Cooper Diaries. Page 321.
7 Muggeridge. Pages 235–236.
8 Beevor, Antony & Cooper, Artemis. Paris after the Liberation. Hamish Hamilton, 1994. Page 153.
9 The Duff Cooper Diaries. Page 476.
10 Lottmann, Herbert R. The People’s Anger. Hutchinson, 1986, & Pryce-Jones, David. Paris and the Third Reich. Collins 1981. Page 196.
11 Beevor & Cooper. Pages 159–161, & Kaplan, Alice. The Collaborator. Chicago, 2000. Pages 186–187.
12 La Mazière, Christian de. Ashes of Honour. Wingate, 1975. Page 97.
13 Lacouture, Jean. De Gaulle The Ruler. Collins Harvill, 1990. Vol 2, Page 41, & Kersaudy, Francois. Churchill and de Gaulle. Fontana, 1990. Pages 370–371.
14 Lacouture. Page 41, & De Gaulle. Lettres. Vol V, Page 349.
15 Lacouture. Page 42, & The Duff Cooper Diaries. Pages 331–333.
16 De Gaulle, Charles. Memoires de Guerre. Vol 3. Plon, 1999. Page 645.
17 Churchill, WS. The Second World War. Cassell, 1954. Vol 6, Page 218.
18 Ismay, Hastings. Memoirs. Heinemann, 1960. Page 381.
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