History of the Jews

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History of the Jews Page 91

by Paul Johnson


  Pissarro, Camille and Lucien

  Pittsburg Platform

  Pius V, Pope

  Pius VI, Pope

  Pius IX, Pope

  Pius XII, Pope

  Plato

  Plumer, Lord

  Poland: Jews in, before partitions; partitions of; Jews in Warsaw in 1880; and Versailles treaty; failure of Bolshevik invasion; Second World War, Holocaust; post-war anti-Semitism; immigration to Israel from; Jewish population in 1980s

  Portugal, Jews in

  Prado, Juan de

  Prague

  Pritchard, James

  Promised Land

  prophets

  Protestantism

  Protocols of the Elders of Zion

  Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph

  Proust, Marcel

  Proverbs

  Prussia, Jews in

  Psalms

  pseudepigraphs

  Ptolemy

  Pulgar, Fernando del

  Pumbedita

  Purim of Vincent

  Pythagoras

  Qumran

  rabbis, rabbinate

  Rabin, Yitzhak

  Radbaz (David ben Solomon ibn abi Zimra)

  radio

  Rameses II

  Rathenau, Walther

  Rauter, Hanns

  Raymond de Penaforte

  Rebecca (wife of Isaac)

  Rechabites

  Reformation

  Rehoboam

  Rehovot

  Reinach, Joseph

  Reinach family

  relativity theory

  Remark (Moses ben Jacob Cordovero)

  Renan, Ernst

  responsa

  Reubeni, David

  Reuchlin, Johannes

  Reuchlin codex

  Reuter, Paul Julius

  Revisionists (Union of Zionist-Revisionists, later Likud, q.v.)

  Ricardo, David

  Richard the Lionheart

  Richelieu, Cardinal

  Richmond, Ernest T.

  Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich

  Riesser, Gabriel

  Rishon-le-Zion

  Robles, Antonio Rodrigues

  Rodgers, Richard

  Roger of Wendover

  Roman Catholic Church; see also Counter-Reformation

  Romans, Roman empire

  Rome (city), Jews in

  Roosevelt, Franklin D.

  Rosenberg, Alfred

  Rosenblatt, Zevi

  Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen

  Rosenzweig, Franz

  Rosh Pinha

  Rossi, Azariah dei

  Rossini, G. A.

  Roth, Cecil

  Roth, Leon

  Rothschild (N. M.)

  Rothschild, Edmund de

  Rothschild, Lionel (father of Ist Lord Rothschild)

  Rothschild, Baron Louis

  Rothschild, Miriam

  Rothschild, Nathan, 1st Lord Rothschild

  Rothschild, Nathan Mayer

  Rothschild, Walter, 2nd Lord Rothschild

  Rothschild family

  Rubinstein, Anton and Nikolay

  Rudolph II, Emperor

  Rumania, and the Jews; in Second World War; immigration to Israel from

  Ruppin, Arthur

  Russia: Jews excluded from; partitions of Poland, Pale of Settlement; Jews in before the Revolution; Revolution; Second World War; and creation of state of Israel; immigration to Israel from; Jewish population in 1980s, big cities; Jews under Soviet rule; anti-Zionism

  Ruth

  Saadiah Gaon (Saadiah ben Joseph)

  Sabbath

  sacrifice, human

  Sadat, Anwar

  Sadducees

  Safed

  St Thomas, Jews in

  Saladin

  Salanter, Israel

  Salome (widow of Alexander Jannaeus)

  Salonika

  Samaria, Samaritans

  Sambari, Joseph ben Isaac

  Samson

  Samuel, passim

  Samuel, Herbert

  Sanhedrin

  Sarah (wife of Abraham)

  Sargon I

  Sargon II

  Sarnoff, David

  Sassanids

  Saukel, Fritz

  Saul, King

  Schary, Dore

  Schechter, Solomon

  Schenck, Joseph

  Schiff, Jacob Henry

  Schnitzler, Arthur

  scholarship: Babylonian academies; medieval

  Scholem, Gershom

  Schönberg, Arnold

  Scott, C. P.

  scribes

  Scythopolis

  Sebaste (Samaria, q.v.)

  Second World War

  Seleucus, Seleucids

  Seligman, Joseph

  Sennacherib

  Septuagint

  Seyss-Inquart, Arthur

  Shabbetai Zevi

  Shaftesbury, Lord

  Shamir, Yizhak

  Shammai the Elder

  Sharett, Moshe

  Sharon, Ariel

  Sheba, Queen of

  Shechem

  shekhinah

  Shenazar

  Sherira, Rabbi

  Shibboleth

  Shomerin

  Shuruppak

  Sicarii

  Sidon

  Simeon ben Lakish

  Simon bar Kokhba, see Bar Kokhba

  Simon Maccabaeus

  Sinai; monastery; Mount Sinai

  Singapore

  Singer, Isaac Bashevis

  Singer, Paul

  Sippar

  Six Day War

  Sixtus IV, Pope

  Skippen, Philip

  slavery: in biblical times; Malta slave-trade

  Slouschz, Nahum

  Sobibor

  social Darwinism

  Society for Jewish Culture and Sciences

  Solomon, King

  Solomon, Song of, see Song of Songs

  Solomon, Wisdom of

  Solomon ben Samson, Rabbi

  Sombart, Werner

  Song of Songs, Song of Solomon

  Sonnenfeld, Rabbi Joseph Hayyim

  South Africa

  Soutine, Chaim

  Spain, Jews in

  Spalato (Split)

  Spinoza, Baruch

  Stalin

  Stanley, Lord

  Stavsky, Abraham

  Stephen, St

  Stern, Fritz

  Stern Gang

  stock exchanges

  Stoeker, Adolf

  Straton’s Tower

  Strauss, Johann

  Streicher, Julius

  Stürmer, Der

  Suez Canal

  suicide

  Sumer, Sumerians

  Sura

  Surinam

  Switzerland, Jews in

  Sykes-Picot agreement

  synagogue

  Syria; war against Israel; Jewish immigration to Israel from; see also Damascus

  Syrkin, Nachman

  Tabernacles, feast of

  Tacitus

  Talmud

  tannaim

  Tarragona

  Tawney, R. H.

  Tel Aviv

  television

  Templars, see Knights Templar

  Temple: of Solomon; worship concentrated in; destroyed by Babylonians; rebuilt after Babylonian exile; Hellenization; Sadducees and; rebuilt by Herod; Jesus and; destroyed by Romans; Temple Mount

  Ten Commandments, Decalogue

  terrorism: Jewish, in post-war Palestine; against Jews

  theatre

  Theodore of Mopsuestia

  Theodosius I, Emperor

  Theodosius II, Emperor

  Therapeuta

  Theresienstadt

  Theudas

  Thirty Years War

  Tiberias

  Tiglath-pileser III

  Times, The

  Tirzah

  Titus (son of Emperor Vespasian)

  Tobit

  Tolstoy, Count Leo

  Torah; Aguda
th Yisra’el and

  Toronto

  Torquemada, Tomás de

  Tosefta

  Toussenel, Alphonse

  trade, commerce

  Transjordan; see also Jordan

  Treblinka

  Treitschke, Heinrich von

  Trilling, Lionel

  Tripoli

  Trollope, Anthony

  Trotsky, Leon

  Truman, Harry S.

  Trumpeldor, Joseph

  Tucholsky, Kurt

  Tunisia, immigration to Israel from

  Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich

  Turin

  Turkey (Ottoman Empire); and Shabbetai Zevi; in nineteenth century; and Kaiser Wilhelm II; and Versailles treaty

  Turkey (modern state)

  Tyre

  Uganda, as Jewish national home

  Ugarit

  Ukraine, Jews in

  Ummayid dynasty

  Union of American Hebrew Congregations

  Union of Zionist-Revisionists, see Revisionists

  United Nations Organization (UN): and Palestine problem; and Arab refugees; and Suez Canal; Sinai peacekeeping force; and Arafat; and Amin

  United States of America (North America, to Independence): Jews in, before 1881; Ashkenazi immigration to; and Zionism; Bolshevik scare and Jewish immigration; Jewish community in; Second World War; and creation of state of Israel; support for Israel

  universities, medieval

  Ur

  Ur-Nammu

  Usha

  Ussishkin, Menachem

  usury, see moneylending under money

  Vaux, Père Roland de

  Vega, Joseph de la

  vegetarianism

  Venice, Jews in

  Versailles peace treaty

  Vespasian, Emperor

  Victor Emmanuel III, King, of Italy

  Victoria, Queen

  Vienna

  Vilna

  Vital, Hayyim

  Voltaire

  Wagner, Richard

  Wailing Wall

  Wallenberg, Raoul

  Wandering Jew

  war-crime trials

  Warner Brothers

  Warren, Sir Charles

  Warsaw

  Washington DC

  Wasserman, Jakob

  Waugh, Evelyn

  Webb, Beatrice

  Weber, Max

  Weizmann, Chaim: and Zionism passim; and post-war reparations; Israel’s first president

  Wellhausen, Julius

  Wertheimer, Samson

  Wesley, John

  Wessely, Hartwig

  West Bank

  Wiesenthal, Simon

  Wilhelm II, Kaiser

  William III, King (William of Orange)

  Wilson, President Woodrow

  wisdom texts

  Wise, Isaac Mayer

  Wise, Rabbi Stephen

  Wistrich, Robert

  Witte, Count Serge

  Wolf, Abraham

  Wolf, Immanuel

  Wolf, Joseph

  Wolf, Lucien

  Wolffsohn, Daniel

  women: in the Bible; and Jewish scholarship

  Woolley, Sir Leonard

  World Jewish Congress

  writing, early

  Yadin, Yigael

  Yahweh

  Yare, Obadiah ben Abraham, of Bertinoro

  Yavne’el

  Yellin-Mor, Nathan

  Yemen

  yeshivot

  Yesud ha-Ma’ala

  Yiddish

  Yom Kippur War

  Yugoslavia, Jews in

  zaddik

  Zadkine, Ossip

  Zadok of Lublin

  Zalman, Elijah ben Solomon, see Elijah ben Solomon

  Zanuck, Darryl

  Zealots

  Zechariah

  Zedekiah (governor of Judaea)

  Zedekiah (prophet)

  Zephaniah

  Zeurubbabel

  Zevi, Shabbetai, see Shabbetai Zevi

  Zikhron Yacov

  Zionism; Palestine as national home for Jews, see under Palestine; and Hebrew language; Tsarist Russia and; USA and; religious or secular plans for; Britain and; Jewish opposition to; Ashkenazi support for; First Zionist Congress; Soviet Union and; last phase of; ultimate aim of; condemned by UN; see also Israel

  Ziusudra

  Zohar (Sefer-ha-Zohar)

  Zola, Émile

  Zukov, Adolphe

  Zunz, Leopold

  Acknowledgments

  This is a personal interpretation of Jewish history. The opinions expressed (and any errors) are my own. But my debt to many scholars will be clear to anyone who looks at the source notes. I am particularly grateful to the editors of the Encyclopaedia Judaica, which has proved an indispensable guide, and to the valuable compilation edited by H. H. Ben Sasson, A History of the Jewish People. My understanding has been illuminated by the monumental studies of S. W. Baron, S. D. Goitein and G. G. Scholem, and I have also been greatly helped by the works of such historians as Cecil Roth, Alexander Marx, Alexander Altmann, Hyam Maccoby, Jonathan I. Israel, Michael Marrus, Ronald Sanders, Raul Hilberg, Lucy Davidowicz, Robert Wistrich and Martin Gilbert. On Jewish beliefs and opinions I have found particularly useful books by Samuel Belkin, Arthur A. Cohen and Meyer Waxman. Chaim Raphael and Hyam Maccoby both generously read the entire text and made many helpful suggestions and corrections. I am also much indebted to the copy editor, Peter James, and to my son, Daniel Johnson, who worked on the text, and especially to my editor at Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Linda Osband, who on this as on earlier occasions has rendered my book incomparable services. Finally I must thank Lord Weidenfeld for his courage in making it possible for me to tackle this vast and daunting subject.

  From the Reviews

  “A tour de force…. A remarkable achievement.”

  —Arthur Hertzberg, The New York Times Book Review

  “An absorbing, provocative, well-written, often moving book, an insightful and impassioned blend of history and myth, story and interpretation.”

  —Merle Rubin, Christian Science Monitor

  “Johnson has put together in one volume an extraordinary amount of useful information, and talks realistically about the Jews of the last four centuries, to which he devotes more than half of his book.”

  —Arnaldo Momigliano, The New York Review of Books

  “Paul Johnson’s new book is to be welcomed. It is powerful reminder of Jewish achievement throughout the ages.”

  —Martin Gilbert, Commentary

  “Johnson brings to his subject a vitality that can’t be matched in any of the professional one-volume histories…. His writing is dramatic without histrionics, graphic without being highly colored.”

  —John Gross, The New York Times

  ALSO BY PAUL JOHNSON

  Modern Times

  A History of the English People

  Intellectuals

  The Birth of the Modern

  A History of the American People

  Copyright

  A HISTORY OF THE JEWS. Copyright © 1987 by Paul Johnson. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBound™.

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  Mobipocket Reader February 2006 ISBN 0-06-115925-5

  Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-42575

  ISBN: 0-06-091533-1

  ISBN: 978-0-06-091533-9

  50 49 48 47 46 45 44

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  * From nathin, gibeonite descendant.

  * Halévy, with La Juive (1835), created the new French opera form. His daughter Geneviève, later the famous hostess, married his best student, Georges Bizet. His nephew, Ludovic Halévy, wrote the libretto for Bizet’s Carmen, most popular of all French operas. His great nephew was the celebrated historian, Élie Halévy. See Myrna Chase, Elie Halévy: An Intellectual Biography (Columbia 1980).

 

 

 


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