by Confucius
14.36: Liu, pp. 322–324.
14.37: Cf. 18.8; see also Liu, p. 324.
14.39: Cf. 14.37, 14.38, 18.5, 18.6, 18.7, 18.8; see also Liu, pp. 325–326; Chin, pp. 117–118.
14.40: On the three-year mourning period: Liu, pp. 326–329; Liji xunzuan, Sannianwen (“Questions About the Three-Year Mourning”), pp. 842–843, and chapter 22, Sangdaji (“The Greater Record of Mourning Rites”) (revised from Legge’s translation, p. 191); Sun Xingyan, Shangshu jinguwen zhushu, Wuyi (“Against Luxurious Ease”), pp. 435–438; on Gaozong and Fuyue: Guoyu, Chu Yu, p. 554; Sima Qian, Shiji, Yin benji, 3:103; Qinghua zhujian, Yueming, vol. 3, pp. 121–131.
14.41: Cf. 2.1, 12.17, 13.3, 14.40.
14.42: Liu, p. 329; Qian, pp. 391–392; Liji xunzuan, chapter 31, Zhongyong, p. 780.
14.43: Liu, pp. 329–330; Qian, pp. 392–393.
14.44: Liu, p. 330.
BOOK FIFTEEN
15.1: Cf. 3.13, 6.28, 12.17, 13.29, 13.30; see also Liu, p. 331; Chin, p. 96, 99–100.
15.2: Cf. 14.36; see also Xunzi jijie, chapter 28, Youzuo, pp. 345–346; Qian Mu, Zhuangzi zuanjian, chapter 20, Shanmu, pp. 159–160; Sima Qian, Shiji, 47:1930–1932; Chin, pp. 105–109.
15.3: Cf 2.2; see also Liu, pp. 333–334; Qian, pp. 397–398.
15.4: Qian, pp. 398–399.
15.5: Qian, pp. 399–400; Laozi, chapter three; Xunzi jijie, chapter 21, p. 400.
15.7: Liu, pp. 335–336; Hanshi waizhuan, 7:21; Zuozhuan, Duke Xiang, 14th and 26th years (ed. Yang, pp. 1012, 1112) (both quoted in Liu).
15.8: Liu, pp. 336–337; Qian, p. 402; Xu Gan, Balanced Discourses (Zhonglun), chapter 6, Guiyan (“Valuing Words”) (John Makeham’s translation, pp. 72–77).
15.9: Liu, p. 336; Qian, pp. 402–403; Mengzi zhengyi, pp. 783–784; Annping Chin, “Shigui huoshi wanggui: Mengzi yu Qi Xuan Wang de duihua” (Is a shi nobler than a king: conversations between Mencius and King Xuan of Qi), Mengzi sixiang de dangdai jiazhi guoji xueshu taolunhui (International Conference on the Thought of Mencius), conference volume, 2006, pp. 445–449 (the essay’s Chinese translation is in Zhongguo ruxue 2 (2006), pp. 67–78).
15.11: Cf. 3.25, 7.14, 17.18; see also Liu, pp. 337–340; Qian, pp. 404–406; Cambridge History of Ancient China, pp. 19–20; Chin, Authentic Confucius, pp. 149–151.
15.12: Qian, p. 406.
15.14: Cf. 18.2, 18.8; see also Qian, p. 407, Cheng, pp. 1094–1097.
15.15: Liu, pp. 340–341; Dong, Chunqiu fanlu yizheng, Renyifa, pp. 255–256; Lüshi chunqiu, 19:252.
15.16: Liu, p. 341.
15.20: Liu, p. 342;, Sima Qian, “Biography of Po Yi and Shu Qi,” in An Anthology of Chinese Literature, trans. and ed. Stephen Owen, p. 144.
15.21: Cheng, pp. 1103–1104.
15.22: Cf. 4.10; see also Liu, p. 343.
15.23: Liu, p. 343.
15.24: Cf. 5.12.
15.25: Qian, pp. 413–414.
15.26: Liu, pp. 344–345; Ban Gu, Hanshu, Yiwenzhi, p. 1721 (quoted in Liu); Chin, p. 3.
15.27: Cf. 4.3, 7.8, 7.11; see also Liu, p. 345; Cheng, pp. 415–416; Zhu Xi, Lunyu jizhu, Sishu zhangju jizhu, p. 167.
15.29: Liu, pp. 345–346; Liji xunzuan, chapter 31, Zhongyong (“Doctrine of the Mean”), p. 778; Ban Gu, Hanshu, 56 juan, biography of Dong Zhongshu, pp. 2499–2500 (passages from the Zhongyong and the Hanshu are quoted in Liu).
15.30: Cf. 6.3; see also Liu, p. 346.
15.32: Liu, p. 346.
15.33: Qian, pp. 419–420.
15.34: Liu, p. 347; Zhu Xi, Lunyu jizhu, Sishu zhangju jizhu, p. 168.
15.35: Liu, p. 348; Cheng, pp. 1123–1124; Mencius, 7A:23.
15.36: Liu, p. 348; Dong, Chunqiu fanlu yizheng, Zhulin (“Bamboo Forest”), pp. 51–55; Gongyangzhuan, Duke Xuan, 15th year; Chin, pp. 145–146.
15.37: Liu, p. 348; Qian, p. 422; Mencius, 7A:26 (quoted in Liu).
15.38: Cf. 15.32; see also Liu, p. 348; Qian, p. 423; Liji xunzuan, Biaoji, p. 797.
15.39: Liu, pp. 348–349; Qian, p. 423; Cheng, p. 1126; Slingerland, trans., Confucius Analects, p. 189.
15.40: Liu, p. 349; Mencius, 5B:1.
15.41: Liu, p. 349.
15.42: Liu, p. 349; Chin, pp. 142–143.
BOOK SIXTEEN
16.1: Liu, pp. 350–354; Cheng, pp. 1130–1141; Qian, pp. 426–429; Zuozhuan, Duke Xi, 21st year (ed. Yang, pp. 391–392); Zhu Xi, Lunyu jizhu, Sishu zhangju jizh, pp. 169–171.
16.2: Liu, pp. 354–356; Chin, pp. 41–42.
16.3: Cf. 17.1, 17.5; see also Liu, pp. 353–354; Zuozhuan, Duke Wen, 18th year, and Duke Zhao, 32nd year (ed. Yang, pp. 631–633, 1519–1520.
16.4: Cf. 5.25; see also Liu, pp. 357–358.
16.6: Liu, p. 359; Qian, p. 433; Xunzi jijie, chapter 1, Quanxue (“Encouraging Learning”), pp. 17–18.
16.7: Mencius, 2A:2 (see Lau’s translation, pp. 32–33); Xunzi, chapters 21, 22, 23 (see Watson’s translation, pp. 121–171).
16.8: Liu, pp. 359–360.
16.9: Cf. 15.39, 17.2.
16.10: Liu, p. 361; Mencius, 6A:15.
16.11: Cf. 9.21, 11.7, 11.19; see also Qian, pp. 437–438.
16.12: Cf. 5.23, 7.15, 12.11, 18.3; see also Liu, pp. 362–363; Qian, pp. 438–439; Zhu Xi, Lunyu jizhu, Sishu zhangju jizh, p. 136.
16.13: Cf. 17.9, 17.10; see also Liu, pp. 364–365.
16.14: Cheng, pp. 1170–1173; Qian, p. 441.
BOOK SEVENTEEN
17.1: Zuozhuan, Duke Ding, 8th year (ed. Yang, pp. 1563, 1568–1570); Chin, pp. 32–35.
17.2: Cf. 15.39, 16.9; see also Qian, p. 444; Cheng, pp. 1177–1184.
17.3: Cf. 16.9; see also Liu, p. 368.
17.4: Liu, p. 369.
17.5: Cf. 17.1, 17.7; see also Zuozhuan, Duke Ding, 12th year (ed. Yang, pp. 1585–1587); Chin, pp. 29–36.
17.6: Liu, p. 371; Qian, pp. 447–448.
17.7: Liu, pp. 371–373; Zuozhuan, Duke Ding, 13th year, and Duke Ai, 3rd and 5th years (ed. Yang, pp. 1589–1591, 1622–1623, 1630).
17.8: Liu, pp. 373–374; Xunzi jijie, chapter 21, Jiebi, pp. 386–410 (Watson’s translation, “Dispelling Obsessions,” pp. 120–138).
17.9: Liu, pp. 374–375.
17.10: Liu, p. 375.
17.11: Liu, pp. 375–376.
17.13: Mencius, 7B:37; Chin, pp. 154–155.
17.14: Liu, p. 377; Xunzi jijie, chapter 1, Quanxue, pp. 12–13 and p. 509.
17.17: Liu, pp. 377–378.
17.18: Liu, p. 379.
17.19: Liu, pp. 379–380; Xunzi jijie, Tianlun (“A Discussion of Heaven”) (slightly revised from Watson’s translation, p. 80), and Bugou (“Nothing Indecorous”), p. 28.
17.20: Qian, pp. 458–459.
17.21: Cf. 14.40; see also Chin, p. 67.
17.22: Cf. 15.17; see also Liu, pp. 383–384; Qian, pp. 461–462.
17.23: Liu, p. 384; Liji jijie, chapter 48, p. 947; Xunzi jijie, chapter 4, Ronru (“Of Honor and Disgrace”), p. 56, quoted in Liu).
17.24: Liu, pp. 384–386.
17.25: Qian, p. 646; Chin, pp. 96–99.
17.26: Cheng, pp. 1245–1246.
BOOK EIGHTEEN
18.1: Liu, pp. 386–388; Xu Gan, Balanced Discourses (Zhonglun) (John Makeham’s translation, p. 117), also quoted in Liu.
18.2: Cf. 18.8; Mencius, 2A:9 (slightly revised from Lau’s translation, p. 40).
18.3: Liu, pp. 388–389; Mencius, 5B:1 (see Lau’s translation, pp. 111–113).
18.4: Chin, pp. 26–32, 39–40; Mencius, 6B:6; Sima Qian, Shiji, 47:1918; Zuozhuan, Duke Ding, 12th year (ed. Yang, pp. 1585–1587).
18.5: Liu, pp. 390–391; Chin, pp. 113–114; Qian Mu, Zhuangzi zuanjian, Renjianshi (“In the World of Men”), p. 38.
18.6: Liu, pp. 391–393.
18.7: Liu, pp. 393–395; Qian, pp. 473–475; Chin, pp. 115–116.
18.8: Cf. 5.23, 7.15, 16.12, 18.2; see also Liu, pp. 395–397; Qian, pp. 475–477; Liji xunzuan, Zaji (“Miscellaneous Records”), p. 634; Chin, pp. 116–117.
18.9: Liu, pp. 397–399; Chin, pp. 140–141.
18.10: Chin, p. 48.
18.11: Qian, pp. 479–480.
BOOK NINETEEN
19.1: Cf. 12.6, 12.10; see also Qian, p. 481.
19.3: Cf. 17.6, 19.4, 19.7, 19.12, 20.2; see also Liu, pp. 401–402.
19.4: Liu, p. 402; Qian, pp. 483–484.
19.5: Liu, p. 402.
19.8: Cf. 19.21; Mencius, 2B:9 (quoted in Liu, p. 403).
19.9: Qian, pp. 486–487.
19.10: Cheng, pp. 1315–1316.
19.11: Cf. 5.16, 14.8, 14.9; see also Liu, p. 404; Book of Documents, Jiugao (“The Announcement About Drunkenness”), in Sun Xingyan, Shangshu jinguwen zhushu, p. 376; Dong, Chunqiu fanlu yizheng, Yuying, pp. 79–80.
19.12: Cf. 9.7; see also Qian, pp. 488–490; Liu, pp. 404–405; Cheng, pp. 1319–1324.
19.13: Cf. 9.6, 9.7, 18.6, 18.7.
19.14: Cf. 11.8–11.11; see also Cheng, pp. 1325–1326; Qian, p. 491.
19.16: Cf. 2.18, 12.10, 12.20; see also Liu, p. 406.
19.17: Cf. 2.5; see also Mencius, 3A:2; Cheng, p. 1329.
19.18: Cf. 2.5; see also Qian, pp. 493–494.
19.19: Cf. 2.3, 12.17–12.19, 13.11, 13.12; see also Cheng, pp. 1330–1332.
19.20: Cf. 18.1; see also Liu, pp. 407–408; Liezi (slightly revised from A. C. Graham’s translation in The Book of Lieh-tzu, pp. 150, 151).
19.22: Liu, p. 408.
19.23: Liu, pp. 408–409.
19.24: Liu, p. 410; Qian, pp. 498–499.
19.25: Chin, pp. 187–188.
BOOK TWENTY
20.1A: Shanghsu, Yaodian; Baoxun (“Treasured Instructions”), in the Qinghua daxue cang zhanguo zhujian (Tsinghua University Collection of the Warring States Bamboo Texts), Vol. 1B: 142–148; Liu, pp. 411–414; Qian, pp. 503–508.
20.1B: Liu, pp. 414–417.
20.2: Cf. 7.15, 7.38, 13.26, 19.10; see also Cheng, pp. 1370–1374; Qian, pp. 509–511.
20.3: Mencius, 2A:2 (Lau’s translation, p. 33), and 7A:2 (Lau’s translation, p. 145); Qian, pp. 511–512.
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Liu Baonan was my guide from beginning to end. Cheng Shude gathered more materials and introduced more disparate interpretations in his four-volume edition, though much of his work was built on that of Liu Baonan. Qian Mu, being versed in the scholarship of the past, brought freshness—and often a surprising point of view—to the discussion.
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