by Ayn Rand
He seemed to be in his early fifties; the structure of his bones and the looseness of his suit suggested that he had once been muscular. The lifeless indifference of his eyes did not fully hide that they had been intelligent; the wrinkles cutting his face with the record of some incredible bitterness, had not fully erased the fact that the face had once possessed the kindliness peculiar to honesty.
"When did you eat last?" she asked.
"Yesterday," he said, and added, "I think."
She rang for the porter and ordered dinner for two, to be brought to her car from the diner.
The tramp had watched her silently, but when the porter departed, he offered the only payment it was in his power to offer: "I don't want to get you in trouble, ma.'am," he said.
She smiled. "What trouble?"
"You're traveling with one of those railroad tycoons, aren't you?"
"No, alone."
"Then you're the wife of one of them?"
."No."
"Oh." She saw his effort at a look of something like respect, as if to make up for having forced an improper confession, and she laughed.
"No, not that, either. I guess I'm one of the tycoons myself. My name is Dagny Taggart and I work for this railroad."
"Oh ... I think I've heard of you, ma.'am--in the old days." It was hard to tell what "the old days" meant to him, whether it was a month or a year or whatever period of time had passed since he had given up. He was looking at her with a sort of interest in the past tense, as if he were thinking that there had been a time when he would have considered her a personage worth seeing. "You were the lady who ran a railroad," he said.
"Yes," she said. "I was."
He showed no sign of astonishment at the fact that she had chosen to help him. He looked as if so much brutality had confronted him that he had given up the attempt to understand, to trust or to expect anything.
"When did you get aboard the train?" she asked.
"Back at the division point, ma.'am. Your door wasn't locked." He added, "I figured maybe nobody would notice me till morning on account of it being a private car."
"Where are you going?"
"I don't know." Then, almost as if he sensed that this could sound too much like an appeal for pity, he added, "I guess I just wanted to keep moving till I saw some place that looked like there might be a chance to find work there." This was his attempt to assume the responsibility of a purpose, rather than to throw the burden of his aimlessness upon her mercy--an attempt of the same order as his shirt collar.
"What kind of work are you looking for?"
"People don't look for kinds of work any more, ma.'am," he answered impassively. "They just look for work."
"What sort of place did you hope to find?"
"Oh ... well ... where there's factories, I guess."
"Aren't you going in the wrong direction for that? The factories are in the East."
"No." He said it with the firmness of knowledge. "There are too many people in the East. The factories are too well watched. I figured there might be a better chance some place where there's fewer people and less law."
"Oh, running away? A fugitive from the law, are you?"
"Not as you'd mean it in the old days, ma.'am. But as things are now, I guess I am. I want to work."
"What do you mean?"
"There aren't any jobs back East. And a man couldn't give you a job, if he had one to give--he'd go to jail for it. He's watched. You can't get work except through the Unification Board. The Unification Board has a gang of its own friends waiting in line for the jobs, more friends than a millionaire's got relatives. Well, me--I haven't got either."
"Where did you work last?"
"I've been bumming around the country for six months--no, longer, I guess--I guess it's closer to about a year--I can't tell any more--mostly day work it was. Mostly on farms. But it's getting to be no use now. I know how the farmers look at you--they don't like to see a man starving, but they're only one jump ahead of starvation themselves, they haven't any work to give you, they haven't any food, and whatever they save, if the tax collectors don't get it, then the raiders do--you know, the gangs that rove all through the country--deserters, they call them."
"Do you think that it's any better in the West?"
"No. I don't."
"Then why are you going there?"
"Because I haven't tried it before. That's all there is left to try. It's somewhere to go. Just to keep moving ... You know," he added suddenly, "I don't think it will be any use. But there's nothing to do in the East except sit under some hedge and wait to die. I don't think I'd mind it much now, the dying. I know it would be a lot easier. Only I think that it's a sin to sit down and let your life go, without making a try for it."
She thought suddenly of those modern college-infected parasites who assumed a sickening air of moral self-righteousness whenever they uttered the standard bromides about their concern for the welfare of others. The tramp's last sentence was one of the most profoundly moral statements she had ever heard; but the man did not know it; he had said it in his impassive, extinguished voice, simply, dryly, as a matter of fact.
"What part of the country do you come from?" she asked.
"Wisconsin," he answered.
The waiter came in, bringing their dinner. He set a table and courteously moved two chairs, showing no astonishment at the nature of the occasion.
She looked at the table; she thought that the magnificence of a world where men could afford the time and the effortless concern for such things as starched napkins and tinkling ice cubes, offered to travelers along with their meals for the price of a few dollars, was a remnant of the age when the sustenance of one's life had not been made a crime and a meal had not been a matter of running a race with death--a remnant which was soon to vanish, like the white filling station on the edge of the weeds of the jungle.
She noticed that the tramp, who had lost the strength to stand up, had not lost the respect for the meaning of the things spread before him. He did not pounce upon the food; he fought to keep his movements slow, to unfold his napkin, to pick up his fork in tempo with hers, his hand shaking--as if he still knew that this, no matter what indignity was ever forced upon them, was the manner proper to men.
"What was your line of work--in the old days?" she asked, when the waiter left. "Factories, wasn't it?"
"Yes, ma.'am."
"What trade?"
"Skilled lathe-operator."
"Where did you work at it last?"
"In Colorado, ma.'am. For the Hammond Car Company."
"Oh ... !"
"Ma.'am?"
"No, nothing. Worked there long?"
"No, ma.'am. Just two weeks."
"How come?"
"Well, I'd waited a year for it, hanging around Colorado just to get that job. They had a waiting list too, the Hammond Car Company, only they didn't go by friendships and they didn't go by seniority, they went by a man's record. I had a good record. But it was just two weeks after I got the job that Lawrence Hammond quit. He quit and disappeared. They closed the plant. Afterwards, there was a citizens' committee that reopened it. I got called back. But five days was all it lasted. They started layoffs just about at once. By seniority. So I had to go. I heard they lasted for about three months, the citizens' committee. Then they had to close the plant for good."
"Where did you work before that?"
"Just about in every Eastern state, ma.'am. But it was never more than a month or two. The plants kept closing."
"Did that happen on every job you've held?"
He glanced at her, as if he understood her question. "No, ma.'am," he answered and, for the first time, she caught a faint echo of pride in his voice. "The first job I had, I held it for twenty years. Not the same job, but the same place, I mean--I got to be shop foreman. That was twelve years ago. Then the owner of the plant died, and the heirs who took it over, ran it into the ground. Times were bad then, but it was since then that things started g
oing to pieces everywhere faster and faster. Since then, it seems like anywhere I turned--the place cracked and went. At first, we thought it was only one state or another. A lot of us thought that Colorado would last. But it went, too. Anything you tried, anything you touched--it fell. Anywhere you looked, work was stopping--the factories were stopping--the machines were stopping--" he added slowly, in a whisper, as if seeing some secret terror of his own, "the motors ... were ... stopping." His voice rose: "Oh God, who is--" and broke off.
"--John Galt?" she asked.
"Yes," he said, and shook his head as if to dispel some vision, "only I don't like to say that."
"I don.'t, either. I wish I knew why people are saying it and who .started it."
"That's it, ma.'am. That's what I'm afraid of. It might have been me who started it."
"What?"
"Me or about six thousand others. We might have. I think we did. I hope we're wrong."
"What do you mean?"
"Well, there was something that happened at that plant where I worked for twenty years. It was when the old man died and his heirs took over. There were three of them, two sons and a daughter, and they brought a new plan to run the factory. They let us vote on it, too, and everybody--almost everybody--voted for it. We didn't know. We thought it was good. No, that's not true, either. We thought that we were supposed to think it was good. The plan was that everybody in the factory would work according to his ability, but would be paid according to his need. We--what's the matter, ma.'am? Why do you look like that?"
"What was the name of the factory?" she asked, her voice barely audible.
"The Twentieth Century Motor Company, ma.'am, of Starnesville, Wisconsin."
."Go on."
"We voted for that plan at a big meeting, with all of us present, six thousand of us, everybody that worked in the factory. The Starnes heirs made long speeches about it, and it wasn't too clear, but nobody asked any questions. None of us knew just how the plan would work, but every one of us thought that the next fellow knew it. And if anybody had doubts, he felt guilty and kept his mouth shut--because they made it sound like anyone who'd oppose the plan was a child-killer at heart and less than a human being. They told us that this plan would achieve a noble ideal. Well, how were we to know otherwise ? Hadn't we heard it all our lives--from our parents and our school-teachers and our ministers, and in every newspaper we ever read and every movie and every public speech? Hadn't we always been told that this was righteous and just? Well, maybe there's some excuse for what we did at that meeting. Still, we voted for the plan--and what we got, we had it coming to us. You know, ma.'am, we are marked men, in a way, those of us who lived through the four years of that plan in the Twentieth Century factory. What is it that hell is supposed to be? Evil--plain, naked, smirking evil, isn't it? Well, that's what we saw and helped to make--and I think we're damned, every one of us, and maybe we'll never be forgiven....
"Do you know how it worked, that plan, and what it did to people? Try pouring water into a tank where there's a pipe at the bottom draining it out faster than you pour it, and each bucket you bring breaks that pipe an inch wider, and the harder you work the more is demanded of you, and you stand slinging buckets forty hours a week, then forty-eight, then fifty-six-for your neighbor's supper--for his wife's operation--for his child's measles--for his mother's wheel chair -for his uncle's shirt--for his nephew's schooling--for the baby next door--for the baby to be born--for anyone anywhere around you--it's theirs to receive, from diapers to dentures--and yours to work, from sunup to sundown, month after month, year after year, with nothing to show for it but your sweat, with nothing in sight for you but their pleasure, for the whole of your life, without rest, without hope, without end.... From each according to his ability, to each according to his need....
"We're all one big family, they told us, we're all in this together. But you don't all stand working an acetylene torch ten hours a day--together, and you don't all get a bellyache--together. What's whose ability and which of whose needs comes first? When it's all one pot, you can't let any man decide what his own needs are, can you? If you did, he might claim that he needs a yacht--and if his feelings is all you have to go by, he might prove it, too. Why not? If it's not right for me to own a car until I've worked myself into a hospital ward, earning a car for every loafer and every naked savage on earth--why can't he demand a yacht from me, too, if I still have the ability not to have collapsed ? No? He can't? Then why can he demand that I go without cream for my coffee until he's replastered his living room? ... Oh well ... Well, anyway, it was decided that nobody had the right to judge his own need or ability. We voted on it. Yes, ma'am, we voted on it in a public meeting twice a year. How else could it be done? Do you care to think what would happen at such a meeting? It took us just one meeting to discover that we had become beggars--rotten, whining, sniveling beggars, all of us, because no man could claim his pay as his rightful earning, he had no rights and no earnings, his work didn't belong to him, it belonged to '.the family,'. and they owed him nothing in return, and the only claim he had on them was his '.need' -so he had to beg in public for relief from his needs, like any lousy moocher, listing all his troubles and miseries, down to his patched drawers and his wife's head colds, hoping that .'the family' would throw him the alms. He had to claim miseries, because it's miseries, not work, that had become the coin of the realm--so it turned into a contest among six thousand panhandlers, each claiming that his need was worse than his brother's. How else could it be done? Do you care to guess what happened, what sort of men kept quiet, feeling shame, and what sort got away with the jackpot?
"But that wasn't all. There was something else that we discovered at the same meeting. The factory's production had fallen by forty per cent, in that first half-year, so it was decided that somebody hadn't delivered 'according to his ability.' Who? How would you tell it? .'The family' voted on that, too. They voted which men were the best, and these men were sentenced to work overtime each night for the next six months. Overtime without pay--because you weren't paid by time and you weren't paid by work, only by need.
"Do I have to tell you what happened after that--and into what sort of creatures we all started turning, we who had once been human? We began to hide whatever ability we had, to slow down and watch like hawks that we never worked any faster or better than the next fellow. What else could we do, when we knew that if we did our best for 'the family,' it's not thanks or rewards that we'd get, but punishment ? We knew that for every stinker who'd ruin a batch of motors and cost the company money--either through his sloppiness, because he didn't have to care, or through plain incompetence--it's we who'd have to pay with our nights and our Sundays. So we did our best to be no good.
"There was one young boy who started out, full of fire for the noble ideal, a bright kid without any schooling, but with a wonderful head on his shoulders. The first year, he figured out a work process that saved us thousands of man-hours. He gave it to 'the family,' didn't ask anything for it, either, couldn't ask, but that was all right with him. It was for the ideal, he said. But when he found himself voted as one of our ablest and sentenced to night work, because we hadn't gotten enough from him, he shut his mouth and his brain. You can bet he didn't come up with any ideas, the second year.
"What was it they'd always told us about the vicious competition of the profit system, where men had to compete for who'd do a better job than his fellows? Vicious, wasn't it? Well, they should have seen what it was like when we all had to compete with one another for who'd do the worst job possible. There's no surer way to destroy a man than to force him into a spot where he has to aim at not doing his best, where he has to struggle to do a bad job, day after day. That will finish him quicker than drink or idleness or pulling stick-ups for a living. But there was nothing else for us to do except to fake unfitness. The one accusation we feared was to be suspected of ability. Ability was like a mortgage on you that you could never pay off. And what was there to work for
? You knew that your basic pittance would be given to you anyway, whether you worked or not--your 'housing and feeding allowance,' it was called--and above that pittance, you had no chance to get anything, no matter how hard you tried. You couldn't count on buying a new suit of clothes next year--they might give you a .'clothing allowance' or they might not, according to whether nobody broke a leg, needed an operation or gave birth to more babies. And if there wasn't enough money for new suits for everybody, then you couldn't get yours, either.
"There was one man who'd worked hard all his life, because he'd always wanted to send his son through college. Well, the boy graduated from high school in the second year of the plan--but 'the family' wouldn't give the father any '.allowance' for the college. They said his son couldn't go to college, until we had enough to send everybody's sons to college--and that we first had to send everybody's children through high school, and we didn't even have enough for that. The father died the following year, in a knife fight with somebody in a saloon, a fight over nothing in particular--such fights were beginning to happen among us all the time.
"Then there was an old guy, a widower with no family, who had one hobby: phonograph records. I guess that was all he ever got out of life. In the old days, he used to skip meals just to buy himself some new recording of classical music. Well, they didn't give him any 'allowance' for records--'.personal luxury,'. they called it. But at that same meeting, Millie Bush, somebody's daughter, a mean, ugly little eight-year-old, was voted a pair of gold braces for her buck teeth-- this was '.medical need,.'. because the staff psychologist had said that the poor girl would get an inferiority complex if her teeth weren't straightened out. The old guy who loved music, turned to drink, instead. He got so you never saw him fully conscious any more. But it seems like there was one thing he couldn't forget. One night, he came staggering down the street, saw Millie Bush, swung his fist and knocked all her teeth out. Every one of them.
"Drink, of course, was what we all turned to, some more, some less. Don't ask how we got the money for it. When all the decent pleasures are forbidden, there's always ways to get the rotten ones. You don't break into grocery stores after dark and you don't pick your fellow's pockets to buy classical symphonies or fishing tackle, but if it's to get stinking drunk and forget--you do. Fishing tackle? Hunting guns? Snapshot cameras? Hobbies? There wasn't any 'amusement allowance' for anybody. '.Amusement' was the first thing they dropped. Aren't you always supposed to be ashamed to object when anybody asks you to give up anything, if it's something that gave you pleasure? Even our 'tobacco allowance' was cut to where we got two packs of cigarettes a month--and this, they told us, was because the money had to go into the babies' milk fund. Babies was the only item of production that didn't fall, but rose and kept on rising--because people had nothing else to do, I guess, and because they didn't have to care, the baby wasn't their burden, it was '.the family's.'. In fact, the best chance you had of getting a raise and breathing easier for a while was a '.baby allowance..'. Either that, or a major disease.
