methods of, 9, 17–20, 28, 41, 121, 124, 137–8, 143, 214–16, 279, 306–9
inhibitions, lowering of, 10, 228, 232, 238, 293, 406; see also critical faculty, reduction in
inoculation, 95, 188
insomnia, 333, 347, 358, 395, 404
interrogation, 385, 388–90
intro-vision, see self-diagnosis
Jewish Science, 153
Jews, 2, 226, 352
journals, medical, xviii, 174–82, 188, 195, 200–1, 214
mesmeric, xxx, 1, 20, 138, 162–3, 183–5, 195, 200, 205–7
Kabbalah, 113
King's Evil, see scrofula
Korean War, 379, 381
laying on of hands, 46, 102–3, 425
legislation/guidelines, 263–4, 266, 270–1, 345–8, 367, 421
Leyden jar, 65, 82
Lourdes, healing at, 51, 103–4
magic, 53–4, 91, 97, 114, 172, 417
magnetism, animal, xv, xxvi, xxx, 70–210 passim, 214–15, 220, 242, 246–8, 257, 282, 372, 417, 419, 423, 425
magnets, magnotherapy, 69–71, 91, 185, 219, 423–4
Martinism, 97, 113–15
masonry, 86, 89, 97, 113, 119, 132
medical establishment, xxii, 74–6, 79, 83–5, 88–92, 99, 120, 122, 139, 141, 154, 162–3, 175, 177, 180–3, 185–8, 194, 199–201, 204, 210, 215, 280
medical practices, 69, 72, 79, 99, 101, 115, 193
meditation, 38, 391–2, 394, 410–12, 414–15
mediumship, see channelling
memory, xxvii, 35, 258–9, 261–72, 354, 379, 387, 392
hypnotic refreshment of, 35, 261–3, 274, 314
implicit, xxvi, 392
reliability of, 259, 267–8
state-dependent, 106, 109, 119, 123, 203–4, 281, 287, 290–1, 320
surgical, 38, 276
mesmerism, see magnetism, animal
metallotherapy, 219–21
metaphor, 311–12
migraine, 333, 341, 351–2, 358, 395
millenarianism, 135, 142, 167
mind, capacity of, xxii, xxxi, 1, 37, 39, 256, 276–8, 330, 342–3, 355, 357, 421
mind–body interaction, xxiii, 160, 203, 277–8, 333, 342–3, 348–60, 399, 404–5, 415, 420; see also control of organic processes; psychoneuroimmunology
mind-cure movement, 149–54, 401; see also New Thought
mirroring, 16, 308, 370, 409
monoideism, xxvi, 203
multiple personality disorder (MPD), 236, 269, 282, 286–96
muscular changes, 31–2, 315
Nazarene Movement, 153
neodissociationism, 324–6; see also dissociation
nervous system, 332, 349, 351–3, 394, 405
neurolinguistic programming (NLP), 63, 408–9
neurophysiology, 327–9, 336; see also brain anatomy; brainwaves
New Age, 15, 393–6, 401–2, 417
New Science, 159, 163
New Thought, 152–3, 156
Nichiren Shoshu, 401
occultism, xv, 13, 78, 82, 89, 91, 97, 101, 106, 112–13, 172, 239
od, 213
orgone therapy, 424–5
Owenism, 162
pain management, see anaesthesia/analgesia
pamphlets, pamphleteering, 93–5, 158, 187, 197
parallel awareness, 19, 26, 230–1, 319, 324, 364
paranormal phenomena, 32, 34–5, 99–100, 109–10, 113–14, 116, 118–20, 125–31, 139, 141, 147, 155, 186, 202, 204–9, 239–50, 276; see also particular headings e.g. clairvoyance; telepathy
passes, mesmeric, xv–xvi, 46, 53, 71, 74, 103, 105, 143, 165, 202, 214, 298
passivity, see suggestibility
pathetism, 137–8
peak experiences, 411
Perkinism, 133–4, 157
personality types and illness, 352–3
phenomena of hypnosis, 31–9, 107–10, 112, 122–3, 315, 320, 325; see also particular headings, e.g. amnesia; hyperaesthesia
phrenology, 142, 159, 163–4, 179, 185
phreno-magnetism, see phreno-mesmerism
phreno-mesmerism, 142, 159, 162–3
placebos, 59, 333, 341, 356–60, 398
politics and mesmerism, 96, 100
positron emission tomography (PET) scans, 328, 354
possession, 107, 217, 287–8
prevision, 35, 123, 130
progression, future-life, 257
prophecy, see prevision
prosperity consciousness, 401
psychological disorders, 21, 97, 107, 333, 337–40
psychometry, 131, 241, 243
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), 350, 399, 419, 422
psychosomatic illnesses, xix, 101, 191, 193, 332–3, 348–60, 394
psychotherapy, 21, 107–8, 215, 290–5, 298–301, 334, 404
pulse rate, 31, 139, 411
rapport, 71, 108, 122, 137, 224, 307, 314, 370; see also transference
reforms, see social aspects of hypnosis
reframing, 22, 203, 311, 401
regression, 21, 34, 237, 250–1, 263, 312, 315
past-life, xxiv, 250–8
reincarnation, 146, 254–7; see also regression, past-life
relaxation, xvii, xxviii, 18–19, 31, 310, 320, 333, 335, 338, 359, 362, 378, 393–5, 401, 410–11
remission, spontaneous, 50, 89, 405
repression, 285, 299
resistance, 30, 299–300, 308–9, 390
Revolution, French, xxi–ii, 96, 98, 100, 118–19, 133, 158, 167, 393
rhythm, xxi, 26, 383, 392, 412–16
role-playing, see compliance
Romanticism, xxii, 91, 117, 167–72, 242, 393
Royal Touch, the, 102–3
St Vitus's Dance, 13, 176
sales techniques, 369–71, 408
satanism, xxx, 13, 58
sciatica, 94, 215
science, popular interest in, 66, 82, 92, 159
Scientific Christianity, 153
scrofula, 102–3, 169
Second World War, 228, 233, 334, 345, 350, 363, 371, 378–9
self-diagnosis, 109, 115, 122–3, 125, 164, 170–1, 186, 239, 242
self-hypnosis, xviii, xxviii, 18, 20, 44, 51, 120–1, 151, 202, 291–2, 334, 337–9, 346, 372, 394–7, 401–2, 410, 412, 415
shamanism, 32, 391, 412–15
sickle cell disease, 334–5
simulation, 319, 322–3, 328–9
skin diseases, 94, 330–2
sleep, 117, 267, 281, 329, 391, 393
and hypnosis, xxvi–vii, xxx, 106, 214
sleep, magnetic, see somnambulism
social/cultural aspects of hypnosis, xxii, 141, 161–4, 175, 182, 187, 195–6, 212, 393, 420–1
somnambulism (sleep-waking), 24, 95, 105–6, 108, 112, 114–15, 118, 120, 130, 175, 178, 187, 201–2, 218–19, 225, 236, 242, 281, 302
source amnesia, 256
speech disorders, 332, 337–8
spies and assassins, 362, 377–90
spiritism, 13, 45, 130, 154–5, 186, 189, 209, 242, 283; see also channelling
sports hypnosis, 32, 277, 339–40; see also strength, increased
stage/TV hypnosis, 7–11, 16, 32–3, 36–7, 126, 128, 135, 138–9, 142–4, 158–61, 210, 212–14, 220, 224, 226, 279–80, 295, 317, 319, 344–6, 380, 383, 418, 421
state/no-state controversy, 40–1, 305, 313–29, 359, 361
stethoscope, 74, 164, 173
stigmata, 342–3; see also control over organic processes
stone, kidney, 168, 171
stone, mesmeric, see magnets
strategies, cognitive, 316, 318–19, 329
strength, increased, 32, 160; see also sports hypnosis
stress, 333, 335, 338, 350–1, 353–4, 395, 401
subliminal messaging, 366–9, 382
suggestibility, xxiv, xxvi–vii, xxix, 10, 14, 16, 27, 33–4, 53, 58, 121, 123, 137, 155, 216, 218–19, 224, 270, 302, 304, 313–15, 329, 369, 382–3, 392, 406; see also critical faculty, reduction in
suggestion,
16–17, 22–3, 33, 58, 71, 82, 89–90, 121–3, 202–3, 214–16, 222–5, 297, 299–300, 302, 316, 320, 326, 335–6, 341, 370, 376, 398, 400, 402, 406
post-hypnotic, 8, 17, 36–7, 122, 185, 211, 226, 284–6, 297, 299, 310, 317, 322, 345, 370, 385, 387
superlearning, 34, 277
surgery, 24, 120, 122, 124–6, 138, 141, 174, 183, 186–9, 195–201, 214, 277, 316, 319, 321, 333–4, 357, 391, 420
susceptibility to hypnosis, 24, 27–30, 41, 144, 208, 216, 306, 319–20, 328, 418
sympathy, 113, 126, 136, 164, 186, 208, 244–5, 248
symptom substitution, 346
talismans, 53, 356
task-motivation, see confidence
telekinesis, 129, 245–6
telepathy, 35, 109–10, 121, 123, 125–6, 130, 140, 148, 208, 241, 243–4, 248–9
temperature changes, 301, 318, 332
tests, for entrancement etc., xvii, 7, 19, 24
Therapeutic Touch, 425
thought-transference, see telepathy
time-distortion, 26, 34, 40, 123, 335, 392, 406
traction, 208
tractor, 133–4
trance logic, xxvii, 26, 236, 322–3
transference, xxvi, 76, 191, 225, 298, 300, 347
transposition of the senses, 131
treatment, methods of, 20–3, 330–60 passim trees, magnetized, 80, 90, 106, 113, 122
trust, 16, 19, 308, 310, 390, 392, 409; see also rapport
truth-telling under hypnosis, 237–8, 264, 266–70, 274, 390
tyranny, 371–7
ultradian rhythms, 30, 307, 354, 415
unconscious/subconscious/subliminal mind, the, 21, 23, 25–6, 36, 107, 122, 247, 261, 283–6, 295, 297, 301–2, 306, 311–13, 318, 329, 355, 364–9, 392, 399–402, 404, 409
vapours, the, 80, 82, 106
Vatican, reactions to hypnosis of, 12, 128
visualization, 59, 153, 338, 341, 370, 395, 403–5
voodoo, 44, 115, 384
waking up, xxx, 20, 190, 224–5, 299, 344, 386, 400
War of Independence, American, 87
warts, 332, 340–1, 351, 358–9
will, hypnosis and, xxvii, 3, 12, 14, 108, 110–11, 113, 115, 119, 126, 137, 140, 144, 155, 164–6, 168, 180, 231, 302–3, 362–90 passim, 399, 410
inequality of, xxix–xxx, 16, 58, 161, 374
in women, 4, 28–9, 145, 212
witchcraft, xxviii, 56, 58, 74, 180, 217, 388
xenoglossy, 255
1. John Barrymore as Svengali in the 1932 film of that name. The character was created by George du Maurier in his 1894 novel Trilby, and heightened the fears of Victorian matrons and maidens about Jews and the dangers of hypnosis.
2. Here Balsamo (Cagliostro) mesmerizes Lorenza, from Alexandre Dumas's novel Joseph Balsamo. It was firmly believed for most of the nineteenth century that women were more susceptible to hypnosis than men. Note the authoritarian pose of the mesmerist, and the sinister lighting.
3. This trick - the human plank, or full-body catalepsy - used to be a favourite of stage hypnotists. However, it is said to be possible even for non-hypnotized subjects.
4. The remarkable ability of hypnosis to anaesthetize has been exploited by stage hypnotists as well as by doctors and surgeons.
5. Hallucination is a well-documented phenomenon of deep hypnosis. The hypnotist maintains the illusion that he is manipulating a material force, while the girl believes she is nursing a young man who believes he is a baby.
6. An American advertisement from the 1960s promises sexual conquest through hypnosis. In fact, though, it is impossible to make even a hypnotized subject go against her moral code.
7. Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the irascible and controversial prophet of ‘animal magnetism’ or ‘mesmerism’, and the forerunner of hypnosis.
8. The Marquis de Puységur (1751-1825) was at first a loyal disciple of Mesmer, but later developed his own techniques and theories, which became the bridge between mesmerism and hypnosis.
9. Orthodox mesmerists believed that the healing power of magnetism could be transmitted by purely mechanical means, as well as by a magnetist in person. Here patients surround a magnetized tub and apply the rods to the afflicted parts of their bodies. Note the lady on the left swooning in mesmeric crisis.
10. This engraving from a book published in 1790 clearly illustrates the belief that a mesmerist was passing a physical force to the patient he was trying to heal. Contemporary stage hypnotists still use hand passes, even though the theory of mesmerism has long been refuted.
11. In 1784 Benjamin Franklin headed a French commission which damned mesmerism as worthless. In this contemporary cartoon Franklin routs the mesmeric asses, demons, witches and lechers, whose tub (see illustration 9) lies broken in the centre.
12. At the height of the British ‘mesmeric mania’, it became a form of fashionable entertainment. Here an impassive mesmerist exerts control over young women and children, while men look on, and the rest of high society continues its social business.
13. Fears about the vulnerability of a hypnotized subject manifested in subtle ways. This picture appears to show a group of Victorian scientists examining a hypnotized patient, but at second sight her posture and clothing are rather provocative, and at least one of the doctors is fascinated by her, while another caresses her arm, rather than taking her pulse.
14. John Elliotson (1791-1865) was a famous doctor who became the main champion of medical mesmerism in Britain. His excesses and stubbornness brought the whole topic into disrepute.
15. James Braid (1795-1860) showed beyond the shadow of a doubt that mesmeric theory was false, and thus ushered in the era of modern hypnotism.
16. Ambroise Liébeault (1823-1904, standing on the left), a French country doctor, was the first to apply Braidian methods extensively in a clinical context, and proved that suggestion alone can achieve all the cures and results that had previously been attributed to the physical force of magnetism.
17. Hippolyte Bernheim (1837-1919) was the academic from the University of Nancy who developed and corrected Liébeault's views. All modern hypnosis stems from his work.
18. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-93), the ‘Napoléon of the Neuroses’, was the most famous medical scientist of his day. Although his theories about hypnosis were soon proved wrong, it was his influence above all which made hypnosis a respectable subject for academics to study.
19. Emile Coué (1857-1926) was the pioneer of autosuggestion as a means of attaining health and happiness. His most famous affirmation, ‘Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better’, is still very familiar.
20. Milton Erickson (1901-80) is the best-known hypnotherapist of the modern era. He aimed to bring out his patients’ own unconscious resources for healing, and his methods are in wide use today in the hypnotherapeutic community throughout the world. Here he is shown with his younger colleague Ernest Rossi.
21. Theodore Barber is the contemporary American academic who has most vociferously attempted to demonstrate that there is no such thing as hypnosis or the hypnotic trance. He and his colleagues believe that subjects are merely strongly motivated to comply with the hypnotists’ instructions.
22. Ernest Hilgard of Stanford University (here with his wife). His experiments have gone a long way towards proving that hypnotized subjects enter a special trance state which gives them some unusual abilities and faculties. But the issues will not finally be resolved until unique neurophysiological correlates are found for the hypnotic trance.
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Hidden Depths: The Story of Hypnosis Page 57
