Buzon, 207
“Buzzie.” See Dall, Curtis, Jr.
Byelorussia, 483
Byrd, Harry, 49, 421, 426, 506, 562
Byrnes, James F.: appointment of, as Director of the Office of Economic Stabilization, 262, 339; birthday party for, 337; combines with Senator Byrd to give Congress control over Lend-Lease appropriations, 49; cuts appropriation for Senate Special Committee to Investigate the Defense Program, 119; Democratic Senator from South Carolina, 40; dubbed “Assistant President” by the press, 340; favors having public-relations man on staff, 452; head of Office of War Mobilization, 350, 354; helps prepare F.D.R.’s fireside chat on mine strike, 336; and John L. Lewis, 337; mediator between Wallace and Jones, 342; member of Foreign Relations Committee, 48: and National Railway Labor Panel Chairman, 338; not informed of F.D.R.’s proposal for national-service bill, 432; offers his resignation, 432; prods Attorney General to seize Montgomery Ward plant, 455; proposes new Office of War Mobilization, 340; replacement for Hopkins on domestic matters, 447; reports on shipping problems, 560; role of, in choice of 1944 candidate for Vice President, 503-504, 505-506, 509; sets up War Mobilization Committee, 451; and Harold Smith, 452; suggested by Frances Perkins as her successor, 561; suggests Vinson to succeed him as Economic Stabilizer, 340; and tax policy, 363, 364, 434, 436, 437, 561; and union disputes, 336, 337, 338, 341; at White House correspondents’ dinner, 594; at Yalta Conference, 565, 568, 573
Byron, Lord, quoted, 184
Cabinet: Great Britain, 10-11; U.S. (1940), 23-24, (1941), 39-40
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 565
Caen, 477
Cairo, 236, 237, 406
Cairo Conference, first, 389, 402-405, 415, 544; second, 389, 414-416, 443, 445
Calabria, 438
Calcutta, 381
California, 176, 214, 215, 216, 226, 267, 463, 473, 507
Cameroons, 397
Camp Pendleton, 270
Camp Shelby, 270
Campobello, 143
Campus strife, 466
Canada, 100, 104, 185, 457, 474, 477, 482, 595
Canary Islands, 127
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 271
Canton, 541
Cantril, Hadley, 112, 280, 281, 290, 559, 583
Cape Verde Islands, 180
Capra, Frank, 471
Caribbean, 24, 99, 243
Carpathians, 557
Carthage, 403
Casablanca, 179, 285, 289, 290, 292, 293, 379, 480
Casablanca Conference, 308, 314-321, 322-325, 367, 368, 370, 381, 389, 456
Caspian Sea, 308, 406
Cassino, 438, 439
Casualties, Allied, 546; German, 554
Catapults, 493
Catledge, Turner, 453
Caucasus, 143, 173. 187, 228, 233, 237, 248, 300, 308, 310, 313
Cavite naval base, 175
Celebes, the, 202
Central America, 147. See also Latin America
Ceylon, 222
Chamberlain, Neville, 11, 391
Chandler, Douglas, 498
Channel Islands, 308
Charlottesville, Va., 475, 491
Chennault, Claire L., 83, 242, 376, 377, 445, 485, 541, 544, 545
Cherable Islands, 24
Cherbourg, 477
Cherwell, Lord, 456
Chetniks, 272
Chiang Kai-shek: air adviser to, 376; Axis unity calculated to put pressure on, for settlement with Japan, 19, 79, 81; at Cairo Conference, 389, 399, 402, 403-405, 592; Chief of Staff to, 242, 541, 588; commends surrender of British and American extraterritorial rights in China, 375; correspondence of, with F.D.R. re India, 240-242; deemed ineffective by U.S. Foreign Service, 589; description of, 82, 403; emissary from F.D.R. to, 82-83, 542; home of, 82; Hopkins on, 238; and Japanese-American détente, 145, 156; and military operation in the Andamans, 414-415; mourns F.D.R., 601: not present at second Cairo Conference, 414; offers Chinese resources to the British, 205; offers proposal for recognition of Chinese Communists, 589; persuaded to allow American visit to Chinese Communists, 542; problems of, caricature Stalin’s, 374; refuses to reform his government, 543, 544, 545, 576, 589; requests F.D.R. to freeze Chinese assets in the U.S., 109; F.D.R. discusses, with Stalin, 407; F.D.R. favors giving aid to, 82, 186, 378, 414-415, 541, 590; F.D.R. to consult, on Russian ports in the Far East, 574, 577; and Stilwell, 242, 375, 376, 377, 378, 541, 542, 543-544; supreme commander of Allied forces in his theater of operation, 186; suspects British of filching supplies promised to China, 205; sympathetic to Indian nationalists, 239-240; urged by F.D.R. to convene conference for joint planning in the Far East, 188; wants massive arms aid and seat in strategic councils, 186. See also China
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 82, 145, 376-377, 378, 403-404
Chicago, 48, 275, 455, 462, 500, 525, 527, 534
Chicago convention: Democratic (1932), 316, 497, 508, (1944), 488, 504-507; Republican (1944), 502
Chicago Daily News, 39
Chicago Defender, 463
Chicago Tribune, 22, 39, 45, 111, 132, 151, 212, 499, 528
Childe Harold (Byron), 184
Childs, Marquis, 273, 453
Chile, 57
China, 212, 325, 337, 444; aid to, 20, 79, 81, 82-83, 98. 110, 145, 153, 156, 186, 242, 317, 323, 325, 374, 376, 378, 415, 422, 445, 541, 544, 549, 589, 590; assets in U.S. frozen, 109; and Churchill, 156, 204-205, 416, 541, 543, 590; Communism in, 82, 374, 381, 542-545, 558, 588-589; corruption and lethargy of government, 381, 589; counteroffensive through, planned, 443; as a divisive factor in allied strategy, 204-205; domestic situation in, 242, 374-375; economic reforms in, 549; and the Four Freedoms, 611; and Gandhi, 240; and Great Britain, 79, 204-205, 375; and Hong Kong, 575; importance of preserving a free and democratic, 576-577; independence of, 588; and India, 239-241, 242, 375; and Indochina, 108, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 376, 592; and Japan, 19, 20, 78, 79, 81-83, 106, 107, 110, 128, 135, 136, 137-138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 155, 156, 157-158, 160, 201, 203, 375, 404, 415, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 589; and Manchuria, 19, 20, 79, 545, 574, 576, 577; as member of Executive Council of the U.N., 515; military defense of, 87, 375-376, 377-378, 407, 485, 518, 540, 542; not admitted as member of MAB, 247; not represented on the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 186; as one of the Big Four, 404, 409, 544; postwar revolution projected, 366; puppet government for, set up by Japanese, 82; revolution in, 551; and F.D.R., 82-83, 109, 145, 159, 186, 204-205, 238, 374-378, 407, 541-545, 546, 549, 574, 576-577, 588-590, 592, 609; and Russia, 79, 81, 83, 576-577, 589; as signatory to Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; as signatory to declaration on postwar security, 401; South China as a base of military operations, 201, 376, 445; and Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact, 83; Stalin’s estimate of military leadership of, 407; and the U.S., 79, 82-83, 109, 145, 159, 186, 188, 205, 238, 239, 240-243, 317, 374-378, 403-405, 407, 414-415, 541-545, 546, 549, 576-577, 588-590, 592; weariness of Chiang’s armies, 106. See also Chiang Kai-shek ; Flying Tigers
China Sea, 540, 590
China-U.S. Joint Council, 404
Chindits, 541
Chinese-Eastern Railway, 574
Chinese exclusion laws, 375
Chou En-lai, 589
Christian Mobilizers, 453
Christmas Carol (Dickens), 417, 554
Chrysler Tank Arsenal, Detroit, 268
Chungking, 81, 381, 542, 611
Chungking government. See Chiang Kai-shek
Churchill, Mary, 392
Churchill, Randolph, 579
Churchill, Sarah, 405, 579
Churchill, Winston S.: addresses Congress, 416; in Algiers, 371, 389; anguish at loss of battleships, 175-176; and ANVIL, 478, 479, 480; appeals to F.D.R. in 1944 for ships, 549; at ARCADIA Conference, 176, 178-191, 229, 247; at Argentia, 125-131; asks Stalin for winter offensive, 557-558; and the atomic bomb, 456, 457, 458, 550; attacked by Hitler in speech, December 1940, 18; and the Balkans, 479, 545; and the British Empire, 379, 573, 592; at the Cairo conferences, 389, 402, 403-40
5; at Casablanca, 314-324, 389; cardinal policy of keeping F.D.R. informed and sympathetic, 73; celebrates his 69th birthday, 411; character of, 10, 75, 131; and China, 156, 204-205, 416, 541, 543, 590; and colonialism, 322, 379, 388, 573, 592, 593; as commander in chief, 495-496; concern about postwar problems, 364-365, 366, 479, 596; confidence in F.D.R., 183; congratulated by Stalin on British success in Libya, 311; congratulates Eisenhower on Italian victory, 394; congratulates F.D.R. on his fourth election, 533; contemplates opportunities in 1942, 311; correspondence with F.D.R., 73; congratulated by F.D.R. on Burma victory, 541; and D day, 477; and Darlan, 291, 295; decision for TORCH, 287; and Declaration of Allied Unity, 184, 185; dedication to beating Germany, 106; defends his war policy in the House of Commons, 76-77; and de Gaulle, 295-296, 320-323, 389, 481-482; demands foreign aid, 25, 62, 89, 103; differences with F.D.R., 65, 537-538, 585; and Dill, 189; disagreement with F.D.R. on strategy and operation ANVIL, 478-480; discusses British politics with Stalin, 577; dislike of Sforza, 538; dispute with F.D.R. over Italy, 537-538; drives with F.D.R. to Marrakesh, 324; doubts about Maisky, 102; expects Nazi invasion of Britain, 73, 153; faces strategic bankruptcy, 77-78; fulfills promise to declare war on Japan, 171-172; and Germany, 520; on the gift of destroyers from the U.S., 11-12; gives enthralling appreciation of the military situation, 126; as a grand strategist, 551-552; and Greece, 74, 75-76, 77, 484, 537, 538-539, 579, 583; had not yet met Chiang Kai-shek, 399; and Hong Kong, 575; hopes for full American involvement, 16, 129, 151, 153; on importance of Mediterranean as against second front, 311-319, 369-370, 376, 404, 408, 410-411, 414, 439, 518; and India, 219-220, 221, 231, 240, 241, 381; and the Italian campaign, 438-440; joy at U.S. entry into war, 163; learns of F.D.R.’s death, 601; letter to F.D.R., December 8, 1940, asking for protection in Atlantic and aid, 25, 33; letter to F.D.R. on his re-election, 9-10; letter to F.D.R. on war prospects for 1941, 12-13, 25; letters from F.D.R. to, 43, 223, 230, 232, 289-290, 314, 445, 478-479; limited powers under British constitution, 75; meeting with Bohr, 458; meetings with F.D.R. in the U.S., 176, 178-190, 229, 247, 251, 367, 368-371, 389, 394, 416, 458, 521; meeting with F.D.R. during World War I, 11; meeting with Stalin at Moscow, October 1944, 537, 539; meeting with Stalin to tell of cancellation of Second Front, 236-238; and military strategy, 179-180, 312-313, 554; as Minister of Defence, 11, 75, 495; and North Africa, 288-290, 327; opinion of Hitler, 66-67; plays Realpolitik with Stalin, 537; plea of, for destroyers, refused, 11; and Poland, 534-535, 536, 537, 558, 569, 570-572, 583-584; and Portugal, 65; and postwar economic policies, 129; on postwar Europe, 312; presents Stalin with Sword of Stalingrad, 410; presses for bolder policy in Asia, 127, 143, 150; proposes that American forces invade Northwest Africa (GYMNAST), 179-180; puts pressure on Franco to resist Hitler, 14; as a puzzle to F.D.R., 312; at Quebec Conference, 389, 391, 458, 518-521; quotes “But westward, look, the land is bright” in radio broadcast, 78; regards America as his only hope, 78; relations with his Cabinet, 11; relations with F.D.R„ 11, 39-40, 65, 73, 77, 89, 219, 221, 288-290, 369, 403, 405, 415-416, 478-480, 518, 521, 537-538, 585, 596; relations with Stalin, 310, 311, 412, 537, 567; realizes Kremlin might be suspicious of separate military surrender in Italy, 585; requests aid for H.M.S. Malaya, 64; resists commitment to Chiang for amphibious attack on Bay of Bengal, 404; F.D.R. cables condolences on Greece to, 77, 89; F.D.R. cables essence of American proposals to Japan to, 156; F.D.R. clarifies to, his position on Pacific war, 445; F.D.R.’s proposals to, on India, 219-221; F.D.R. sends confidential cable from Chiang Kai-shek to, 241; and Russia, 101, 111, 126, 153, 186-187, 312, 416, 515, 585; on Russia in Europe, 312; and the second front, 230-231, 234, 235-236, 238, 285-286, 325, 367, 369, 392, 408, 438; as seen by Hitler, 309; as seen by Stalin, 484, 587; and the “soft underbelly” of the Axis, 305, 309; and Soviet quest for atomic information, 457, 550; speech to American people, Christmas Day, 1941, 178-179; speech to British people on the German invasion of Russia, 96; speeches, 385; strategy conferences (1943), 389; stricken with pneumonia, 326, 438; suffers from too much personal leadership, 213; and Churchill, Winston S. surrender of Tobruk, 235; on the survival of Britain in 1941, 72; suspends convoys to Russia, 237, 310, 327-328; at Teheran Conference, 389, 407-414; telephones F.D.R. about Pearl Harbor attack, 163; telephones Willkie during his stay in Palm Beach, 274; tribute to F.D.R. in Parliament, 611; and Turkey, 309; and unconditional surrender, 391, 546; and the U.N., 567; upset by cable from F.D.R., 89; urged by F.D.R. to minimize Soviet problem, 596; and V sign, 606; visited by Eleanor Roosevelt, 300; visit to Marrakesh, 324; visit to Normandy, 478, 488; visit to the Sphinx, 415; visits Athens, 558, 579; wants a hard line on Japan, 127, 150; wants Royal Navy units to help out in the Pacific war, 444, 519; wants an “underbelly strategy” in Asia, 444; warns Stalin of impending Nazi attack, 94; and Willkie, 43, 274, 573; wire to F.D.R. on the Greer incident speech, 139; wish to dramatize Anglo-American unity, 126; working habits. 10; working partnership with F.D.R., 11; and the Yalta Conference, 558, 564, 565-580
Churchill, Mrs. Winston S., 190, 392
CIO, 56, 57, 177, 193, 195, 263, 341, 454, 503; Political Action
Committee, 525. See also AFL-CIO
Civil aviation, international, 514
Civil Service, expansion of, 122
Civilian Conservation Corps, 35
Clapper, Raymond, 333, 361, 453
Clark, Bennett Champ, 47, 426
Clark, Grenville, 62
Clark, Mark, 294, 295, 321, 394, 438
Clark Field, Philippines, 173, 175, 202
Clausewitz, Karl von, 494, 547
Clemenceau, Georges, 428, 566, 571
Coalition government, 7, 36-43, 274, 279, 524
Coeur d’Alene, 269
Cohen, Benjamin, 340, 350, 451, 561
Cold War, origins of, vii, 373-374, 609
Colleges, 464
Cologne, 582
Colombo, Ceylon, 222
Colonialism: Churchill and, 322, 379, 388, 573, 592, 593; F.D.R. and, 218, 322, 378, 381, 388, 404, 549, 591-593, 608-609
Columbia River, 510, 528
Columbia Valley Authority, 432
Combined Chiefs of Staff (Allied), 183, 186, 189, 247, 316, 317, 318-319, 369, 389, 393, 404, 410, 411, 414, 429, 518, 519, 565, 585; formation of, 183. See also Joint Chiefs of Staff, American; Joint Chiefs of Staff, British
Combined Munitions Assignments Board (MAB), 247
Comintern, dissolved by Stalin, 367, 373
Command structures, allied, establishment of, 183
Commerce, Department of, 177, 593-594; Secretary of, 39, 561, 593
Committee of National Liberation, French, 480, 481, 482
Committee of National Liberation, Polish See Polish Committee of National Liberation
Committee of One Million, 41-42
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, 41, 48, 112
Committees, Congressional. See
Appropriations; Banking and Currency; Dies; Education and Labor; Finance; Foreign Affairs; Foreign Relations; Labor; Migration; Military Affairs Subcommittee; Naval Affairs; Rules; Special Committee to Investigate the Defense Program (Truman); Tolan; Ways and Means Commodity Credit Corporation, 600
Communism: in China, 82, 374, 381, 542-545, 558, 588-589; in Eastern Europe, 572; fear of spread into Japan, 558-559; in Greece, 538, 539; in Italy, 391-392; 586: in U.S., 525, 528-529; and the West, 537
Compton, Karl T., 251, 259
Conant, James B., 251, 252, 259, 344, 350
“Concentration camps” for Japanese-Americans. 213, 267, 421, 461
Conferences. See ARCADIA; Argentina; Bretton Woods; Cairo: Casablanca: Dumbarton Oaks: Honolulu; Quebec; San Francisco; Teheran; Yalta
Congress: agricultural lobby in, 1973
appropriations by, for war production, 246; asked to grant greatest possible measure of self-government to Puerto Rico, 378; asked to repeal Chinese exclusion laws, 375; Churchill’s address to, 416; coalition governmen
t, 36-43, 532-533, 594; Committee chairmen, 40; conflict in, 106, 421; conservative members of, attempt to limit strikes, 56; cuts weapons-research appropriations, 343; difficulty of explaining technical matters to, 98; and the economic stabilization program, 197, 258, 260-262, 424; election of 1942, 273-281, 301, 527; election of 1944, 400, 429, 532-533; establishes Rubber Supply Agency, 259; extends draft, 120, 142, 246; investigations by, of subversive activities, 594; and Lend-Lease, 25, 29, 43-50; modification of immigration laws by, deemed difficult, 396; more help for China urged by Senators in, 376; and national-service legislation, 432-433, 560, 593; and neutrality revision, 101, 142, 148; and the Office of War Information, 385; passes Bankhead bill, 340-341; power holders of, 40, 426-427, 437; prewar connections between pro-Nazis and right-wing members of, 211; reception of Madame Chiang Kai-shek, 376; relations with F.D.R., 120, 197, 246, 301, 305, 307, 331, 332, 362, 426, 427, 430, 431, 434, 435, 436, 437, 510, 594; F.D.R. courts support of, for foreign policy, 594; F.D.R.’s address to, asking for declaration of war against Japan, 165-167; F.D.R.’s address to, on Yalta Conference, 581-582; F.D.R.’s meetings with leaders of, 61, 433; secrecy maintained in appropriations by, for atomic project, 456; and soldiers’-vote legislation, 430-431; supports F.D.R.’s order for evacuation of Japanese-Americans, 216; supports war-veterans’ measures, 362; and taxation, 256-257, 259, 260, 262, 307, 363, 364, 433-437, 510; terminates F.D.R.’s authority to limit salaries, 362, 363; variety of elements in, 43; votes for war against Germany and Italy, 175; votes for war against Japan, 171; and world-security organization, 427-428. See also Committees, Congressional; House of Representatives; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, oratory: State of the Union messages; Senate
Congressional Medal of Honor award, 209, 261
Connally, Tom, 47, 119, 164, 436
Connally resolution, 428
Connor, Eugene (“Bull”), 265
Conventions: Democratic, 277, 316, 488, 497, 504-507, 508-511, 525; Republican, 275, 501, 502, 510, 511
Convoys: American naval escort for British, 26, 87, 89, 98, 104, 105, 127, 141; to Great Britain, 38, 45, 57, 86, 89, 98, 111, 493; to Iceland, 141, 142; PQ-18, 310; to Russia, 233, 308, 310, suspended, 237, 288, 310, 313, 327-328, 367, 372
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