Goering, Hermann, 70, 76, 384, 446
Gold Beach, 474
Good Neighbor policy, 307, 378, 604
Graham, Frank P., 196, 264
Grand Council (of Italy), 383
Granger, Lester, 123
Great Britain: accused of colonialism by Hitler, 17; aid to, 11-12, 13, 15, 23, 24-25, 28, 33, 38, 41, 42, 46, 51, 69, 84, 87. 88, 98, 100, 103, 112, 115, 133, 134, 153, 211, 234, 247, 513, 549; and the Allied invasion force, 473, 474; American-British exchange of secret scientific information, 344; armies in France, 80, 482; armies in Germany, 519, 595; assault on Caen, 477; and the Atlantic war, 160; and the atomic bomb, 251, 456-457; beats Vichy in Syria, 77; bombing of, 9, 29, 33, 78, 79, 558; bomber offensive against Germany, 325; British and Russian colonial rivalry in the 19th century, 373; British intelligence, 446; British pilots trained on American airfields, 88; British prisoners of war in Italy, 391; British ships repaired in American docks, 41, 64, 88; capacity to wage war doubted in U.S., 88; casualties, 546; and China, 79, 204-205, 375; and colonialism, 17, 596; considered finished by Hitler, 16, 17; defeats Italians in Africa, 77; diplomacy of, 551; destroys French warships, 285; exchange of emissaries with the U.S., 73-74; and economic policy, 514; fears postwar supremacy of dollar, 514; and France, 566; gift of destroyers, 11-12, 13, 15, 33; and Greece, 74, 75-76, 77, 314, 365, 395, 484, 537; hard-pressed by war losses, 88; heavy needs of, 98; Hitler’s opinion of the British people, 310; and Hong Kong, 79, 575; in 1941, 68, 72; and India, 79, 219-222, 231, 238-239, 240-242, 375, 379-381, 422, 549; and Indo-china, 128, 592, 593; invasion threatened, 10, 14, 15, 19, 33, 45, 64, 73, 79; investment in, 84; invites Prince Paul to form common Balkan front, 711 and Italy, 315, 318, 319, 369, 391, 393, 401; and Japan, 80, 137, 171-172, 400; and the Jews, 395, 442; and the League of Nations, 567; mission to Moscow, 153; occupies Crete, 15; offensive in northern Burma, 445; opposition in left-wing circles to the Darlan deal, 295; and the Pacific war, 79, 519; and Poland, 570, 583; policy toward Vichy, 65; possessions in Far East threatened by Japan, 80; postpones general elections during World War II, 497; and postwar settlements, 364; reaction to F.D.R.’s death, 610; refuses friendship with Germany, 14; refuses to agree to Andaman operation, 415; F.D.R.’s commitment to, 84, 88-89; routs Mussolini’s forces in Africa, 68, 72, 180, 311; and Russia, 94, 102, 111, 232, 248, 283, 373; safety of, 180; seen as fighting mainly to keep its power and wealth, 559; siege of, 93; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; and Singapore, 79; social security boom, 361; and Spain, 14, 65, 77, 127; stands to gain economically from deindustrialized Germany, 520; strength in Mediterranean area, 73; suspected of imperialist aims by France, 290; surrenders extraterritorial rights in China, 375; takes over Iceland, 104; twenty-year peace treaty with Russia, 232; unable to pay for American war aid, 24-25; and the U.N., 515, 567, 568; War Cabinet, 10-11; war crisis, 88; war effort, 559; war situation summarized by Churchill in letter to F.D.R., 12-13. See also British Empire; Churchill, Winston S.; Convoys; Eighth Army; Joint Chiefs of Staff, British
Great Lakes Naval Training Station, 268-269
Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 143
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 78, 79, 217, 218
Greater East Asia War, 217
Greece: aid to, 65; and Allied advance in Italy, 395; and Churchill, 74, 75-76, 77, 484, 537, 538-539, 579, 583; conquest of, by Germany, 65, 71, 74, 88, 94, 204; counteroffensive in, 314; and Great Britain, 74, 75-76, 314, 365, 395, 484, 537, 538, 583, 586; invasion of, by Italy, 14-15, 71; liberation of, 534; F.D.R. and Eden discuss, 365; and Russia, 484, 537, 538, 583, 586; F.D.R. wires Churchill condolences on loss of, 77; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; and the U.S., 77, 88, 314, 395, 484, 538-539, 586
Green, Theodore Francis, 48, 427
Green, William, 55, 177, 260, 264, 521
Greenland, 57, 88
Greer, U.S.S., 139, 140, 147
Grew, Joseph C, 19, 20, 21-22, 29, 62, 78, 84, 110, 135, 135, 144, 146, 159, 552-553
Gromyko, Andrei A., 398, 516, 517-518, 565, 584
Groton, 4, 6-7, 604
Ground Controlled Approach system, 346
Groves, Leslie R., 456, 558
Gruening, Ernest, 266
Guadalcanal, 255, 256, 282, 283-285, 302, 337, 382
Guam, 164, 165, 172, 175, 201, 202, 486, 487
Guantanamo, 493
Guatemala, 185
Guffey, Joseph, 421
Gulick, Luther, 355
Gunther, John, 56-58
Gustav Line. 438, 439
GYMNAST, 179-181
Haakon, King of Norway, 62
Hackmeister, Louise (“Hackie”), 200
Hague, Frank, 276
Hahn, Otto, 249
Haile Selassie, 578, 579
Hainan, 78
Haiti, 57, 185, 316, 341
Haider, Franz, 496
Halifax, Canada, 392
Halifax, Lord, 11, 74, 179, 365, 457, 484, 581, 591
Halsey, William F. (“Bull”), 224, 443, 444, 540
Hanford, atomic bomb project at, 456
Hangö, 365, 412
Hankow, 541
Hannegan, Robert E., 276, 503, 504, 505, 506, 524
Hannover, 595
Hara, Yoshimichi, 138
Harbin, 574
Harbors, artificial, 477
Harriman, W. Averell, 73, 88, 153, 163, 237-238, 406, 536, 537, 539, 564, 566, 572, 573, 574, 577, 583, 601
Hart, Thomas C, 206
Harvard Crimson, 491
Harvard University, 4, 189, 344, 604
Hassett, William D., 22, 199, 200, 208, 224, 253, 298, 350, 390, 436, 437, 447, 493, 530, 552, 553, 595, 599, 600, 601
Hastie, William, 471
Hawaii, 78, 80, 86, 90, 110, 159, 160, 164, 166, 172, 176, 177, 203, 222, 225, 226, 266, 403, 488-489, 507. See also Honolulu; Honolulu Conference; Pearl Harbor
Hayes, Roland, 265
Health, in the U.S., 54, 355, 560
Hearst, William Randolph, 212, 421, 497, 498, 500
Heavy water, 252
Henderson, Leon, 51, 116, 197, 257, 258, 301, 340, 350
Henderson Field, 284
Henry Browne, Farmer (documentary film), 271
Hershey, Lewis B., 337, 463, 528
Hess, Rudolf, 102
Hickam Field, 489
Higgins, Trumbull, 549
Higgins Yard, New Orleans, 270
Hill, Lister, 532
Hillman, Sidney, 51, 52, 55-56, 117, 123, 263, 524, 525
Hilton, James, 224
Himmler, Heinrich, 70, 72, 554
Hindus, in India, 219
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 18, 19, 137, 138, 146, 158, 160, 558-559
Hiss, Alger, 565
Histories of the war, 389
Hitler, Adolf: and the Allied invasion of France, 474-475; anxiety to divert U.S. efforts to the Pacific, 20; assesses the African situation as hopeless, 330; attempts to divert F.D.R. from giving aid to Britain, 16; avoidance of showdown with U.S., 13, 105, 106; bent on conquering the world, 109; bomb plot, 496; character of, 66-68; as commander in chief, 496; desires friendship with England, 14; dominates U.S. politics, 6; dream of the “New Order,” 18; drives thousands of scientists from Europe to America, 343; fall of, 366, 545; fear and contempt for the U.S., 16, 174, and hatred of the Russians, 70, 309-310; and Franco, 14, 64, 73; hatred 310; hatred of Jews, 70, 310, 387; in his last days, 557; infuriated by F.D.R.’s escalation of the war, 141; interpretation of Freedom, 387; learns of F.D.R.’s death, 601; letter to Mussolini on Russian invasion, 96; as a master propagandist, 386; meeting with Laval, 295; meeting with Matsuoka, 80; meeting with Molotov, 16-17; meetings with Mussolini, 15, 330, 383, 394; meeting with Pétain, 14; meeting with Rommel, 477; Mein Kampf, 68, 70; as a military commander, 228; military strategy of, 308-309; opinion of the British, 70, 310; opinion of Churchill, 309; opinion of F.D.R., 15, 67-68, 174, 309, 475; opinion of Stalin, 15, 68-69, 309; opposed by his generals
, 71; order of the day not to withdraw in Italy, 439; personal power in 1941 almost total, 70; and Pétain, 14, 15, 64, 287, 288; ponders his strategic situation, 68-70; postpones invasion of England, 10; postpones invasion of Russia, 72; propaganda campaign to the workers of the world, 17; promises to Stalin, 94; reaction to F.D.R.’s re-election, 13-14; refrains from provocative acts against the U.S., 69; resistance to, 548; as seen by F.D.R., 67, 68, 140-141; as seen by the Russians, 67; as seen by Stalin, 113, 409; speech on Fascism and the New Order, December 1940, 17-18; speech on seventeenth anniversary of Beer Hall Putsch, 14; “stand or die” military policy, 309, 477, 482; statement of opposing worlds quoted by F.D.R., 28; strategic decision of a two-front war, 15-16, 17, 68, 69, 97; strategy in Poland as example of military genius of, 15, 68, 80; strategy of, 13-18, 64; summons Prince Paul to secret meeting, 71; supreme gamble in West, 553-554; typical gesture, 606; and the U.S. gift of destroyers to British, 12; wants Japan to attack the Russians, 108; wins support of his generals, 554; in world opinion, 66-67; world strategy, 66; would declare war on U.S., 173; xenophobia and racism, 17, 70, 174, 310, 387
“Hobcaw” (plantation), 449, 450, 455, 507, 509
Ho Chi Minh, 593
Hochschule für Politik, 386
Hodges, Courtney H., 482
Holland. See Netherlands
Hollandia, 444
Holman, Rufus C, 431
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 611
Homma, Masaharu, 202, 206
Honan, 541
Honduras, 185
Hong Kong, 79, 149, 165, 175, 201, 203, 404, 575
Honolulu, 161, 162, 166, 507
Honolulu Conference, 488-489, 490, 496, 507
Honshu, 590
Hood, H.M.S., 99
Hoover, Herbert, 38, 111, 356, 426, 528, 542
Hoover, J. Edgar, 217, 463
Hopkins, Harry, 57, 88, 104-105, 182, 416, 524; accompanies F.D.R. on Caribbean cruise, 24; advises F.D.R. on China, 377; at Argentia Conference, 126, 129; and James Byrnes, 262; at Cairo Conference, 402, 406, 409; at Casablanca Conference, 316, 322; character, 60-61; Chennault’s plea to, for supplies, 445; and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, 376; as chief aide to F.D.R., 8, 22, 33, 39, 50, 60-61, 85, 89, 91, 126, 129, 136, 161, 162, 178, 182, 183, 185, 194, 200, 232, 248, 297, 350, 353, 453, 465, 495, 561; Churchill’s confidence in, 183; Churchill’s letter to, urging assault on Algiers, 289, 290; criticism of, 60, 211; discusses plans with Eden and F.D.R., 365, 366; distrusts Bernard Baruch, 340; dubbed by Churchill “Lord Root of the Matter,” 60; in England, as F.D.R.’s emissary, 73, 112, 221, 230-231, 236, 244; extols “open door” policy in China, 375; favors inclusion of “freedom of religion” clause in Declaration of Allied Unity, 183; favors naval escort for merchant ships, 101; favors postwar security organization, 359; friendship with F.D.R., 62; at Hyde Park, 3, 8, 199, 392; ill-health, 60, 73, 74, 112, 392, 447. 451, 453, 479, 495, 579; influence on F.D.R., 60-61; as a liberal and internationalist, 59; liked by F.D.R., 60-61; at meeting with Farouk, Haile Selassie, and Ibn Saud, 578; meetings with Churchill, 73, 126, 129, 178, 179, 182, 187, 190, 221, 230-231, 236; meeting with Stalin, 113-114, 189; opinion of F.D.R., 50, 608; opinion of Stalin, 189; prompts F.D.R. to reshuffle research agencies, 344; put in charge of Lend-Lease, 61, 114; reports from London on need for ships, 244; rooms of, in White House, 58, 178; F.D.R. plans fishing retreat for himself and, 143; F.D.R. writes to, from Hobcaw, 450; on F.D.R.’s evolvement of Lend-Lease program, 25; in Russia, 112-114, 127, 189; sees necessity of including Russia and China in four-power organization, 238; sensitive to F.D.R.’s moods, 60; at Shangri-La, 291; speech writer for F.D.R., 140; studies production needs for defense, 133; suggests setting for F.D.R.’s Bremerton speech, 508; uncertain on advisability of aid to Britain, 91; urges suppression of reports of F.D.R.’s ill-health, 507; at White House conferences with Churchill and F.D.R., 178, 179, 182, 187, 190, 368; at Yalta Conference, 565, 567, 578, 579
Hopkins, William, 451
Hornet, U.S.S., 224, 226
House of Representatives: and the Office of War Information, 385; and the price-control bill, 196-197; and the soldiers’-vote bill, 431; special investigating committee of, 455. See also Banking and Currency Committee; Congress; Dies Committee; Foreign Affairs Committee; Labor Committee: Rules Committee; Tolan Committee; Ways and Means Committee
Housing, 54, 355, 466
Howard, Roy, 212
How New Will the Belter World Be? (Becker), 516
Hudson River, 3, 4, 22, 92, 530, 610, 611, 612
Hughes, Charles Evans, 37, 122, 534
Hull, Cordell: advocate of free world trade, 39, 107; allowed by F.D.R. to stall the Japanese, 144-145; asked by F.D.R. to postpone publication of Wilson notes, 428; atomic project kept secret from, 456; attitude of, toward Japan, 107, 136, 144, 145, 150; character, 23; consulted on possibility of Axis attack on U.S., 86; criticism of Darlan policy aimed at, 286; criticized for cautiousness, 65; declines role as F.D.R.’s running mate in 1944, 504; dubbed “gallant old eagle” by Churchill, 400; favors release of interned Japanese-Americans, 464; foresees danger of spheres of interest in postwar Europe, 483; and the Greer incident, 139; ill-health, 107; informed of Japanese attack, 162-163; informed of F.D.R.’s prestige in India, 221; international diplomacy deplored by, 551; as an internationalist, 40; meeting with Churchill, 179, 184; meeting with Eden, 364-366; meeting with Molotov, 232; meetings with Russian Ambassador Oumansky, 102; mission to Moscow, 400-401; negotiations of, with Japanese Ambassador, 89, 107-109, 134-136, 144-146, 157-158, 162-163; notes on F.D.R.’s insistence on necessity for unity of command in Europe, 381; notes F.D.R.’s liking for title of Commander in Chief, 490; as one of F.D.R.’s “assistant presidents,” 452; opinion of Matsuoka, 21; opposed to shifting Pacific fleet units, 89-90, 92, 99; plans for postwar security, 359 427, 429, 516, 539; plays down likelihood of war, 48; political influence of, 23; presses for nondiscriminatory postwar economic policies, 129; public disaffection with, 286, 467; repudiates charge of being “anti-Russian,” 398; resents retention of Welles as Undersecretary, 350; retirement of, 552; F.D.R. defines unconditional surrender principle to, re Germany, 441; at F.D.R.’s 1940 address on national security, 27; F.D.R.’s note to, outlining proposals for Japanese truce pact, 156; Secretary of State, 23; sends coded message to F.D.R. on Stalin’s willingness to fight Japan, 401; as spokesman for the South, 39; takes Willkie to see F.D.R., 43; telephones F.D.R. about imminent Japanese attack, 158; testimony of, on Lend-Lease bill partially written by F.D.R., 45; threatens to resign, 184; on treatment of Germany after surrender, 519, 520, 521; urges F.D.R. to include review of Japanese-American relations in war message, 164; urges strong measures against labor agitators, 117; worries about isolationists on issue of postwar organization, 359
Hungary, 365, 518, 537
Hurley, Patrick J., 542, 543, 544, 588-590, 591, 592
Hu Shih, Dr., 156, 271
Hyde Park, 3-9, 58, 143, 199-201, 224, 235, 253, 260, 280, 299, 300, 302, 389, 390, 392, 394, 436, 437, 450, 458, 503, 505, 521, 550, 559, 604, 606, 607, 612; Christmas at, 416-417, 554
Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 339, 578-579
Iceland, 104-105, 127, 139, 140, 141, 142, 147, 368
Ickes, Harold L.: advocates American intervention in the Atlantic, 65, 90-91, 99, 105; advocates forceful action against Japan, 23, 107, 109, 114-115, 159; advocates tackling discrimination on a national scale, 462; attacks “lords of the press” for their hatred of F.D.R., 421; battles with colleagues, 23, 65, 562; bickers with War Labor Board over mine strikes, 337; character, 23; at Democratic convention of 1944, 505, 506; discusses future government of Pacific islands, 560; favors releasing interned Japanese-Americans, 464; favors support of China, 159; fishing companion of F.D.R., 23, 60; has jurisdiction of War Relocation Authority, 464; irked by F.D.R.’s aloofness in election campaign, 509; liberalism of, 40; maneuvers for transfer of Forest Service to the Interior, 23, 62, 143; objects to F
.D.R.’s reshuffling of research agencies, 344; opinion of Hopkins, 60; ordered by F.D.R. to repossess striking mines, 337; potential ally of Attorney General Biddle, 215; representative of Bull Moose reform, 39; F.D.R. appraises Japan’s position in July 1941 in letter to, 108; F.D.R. considers appointment of, as Secretary of Labor, 334; F.D.R. writes to, on designation for his Hyde Park property, 390; Secretary of the Interior, 23; Solid Fuels Administrator, 337; threatens to bring his own food as lunch guest of F.D.R., 299; unpopularity of, 301; at White House correspondents’ dinner, 594
I’d Rather Be Right (play), 33
Idaho, 269
Illinois River, 473
Immigration laws, 396
Imphal Plain, 541
Income, rise in, 355, 460
Income tax. See Taxation
India: Chiang Kai-shek’s message to F.D.R. re, 240-242; and China, 239-241, 242, 375; Eisenhower sees European offensive as necessary to save, 229; Gandhi’s appeal to F.D.R., 239; Germany’s plan to push through to, 308; and Great Britain, 79, 219-222, 231, 238-239, 240-242, 375, 379-381, 422, 549; Hitler’s offer of, to Russia, 17, 68; and Japan, 20, 201, 202, 209, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 231, 239, 240, 242, 308, 541; not included in Combined Chiefs of Staff, 186; reaction in, to F.D.R.’s death, 611; F.D.R. and Stalin discuss, 407; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 184, 185; and the U.S., 184, 219-222, 229, 231, 239-240, 240-242, 379-381, 422, 541, 549, 593, 608, 609
India League of America, 381
Indian Ocean, 12, 77, 94, 176
Indochina: and China, 108, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 376, 592; and de Gaulle, 591, 592, 593; and France, 20, 78, 106, 109, 379, 591, 592; and Great Britain, 128, 592, 593; independence of, 591-592; and Japan, 13, 20, 78, 108, 109, 110, 127, 128, 135, 136, 138, 144, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 381; nationalist feeling against the West intensified in, 381; and F.D.R., 127, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 407, 591-592, 593; F.D.R. and Stalin discuss, 407, 591, 592; Stilwell’s proposed offensive to open, 376; and the U.S., 109, 110, 127, 136, 144, 156, 157, 160, 376
Indonesia, 381, 593
“Industrial-military complex,” 189
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