653. Cobb, “Story of Moses and Margaret Phillips,” 32; Plum, The Military Telegraph, vol. 1, 107.
654. Cook, Lewis County in the Civil War, 152–55.
Chapter 25. Lincoln's Odd Trick
655. McClellan, Report on the Organization, 125; “Gen. Orders #4, HeadQuarters, Mountain Department. Wheeling, March 29, 1862,” PC; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 314–315; Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 77. General Frémont had been removed from a Missouri command in 1861 for reckless leadership and the unauthorized emancipation of slaves. But the Radicals in Congress declared him a martyr, and Lincoln yielded to their pressure by creating for him the Mountain Department. Abraham Lincoln's “War Order No. 3” defined the Mountain Department as “the country, west of the Department of the Potomac, and east of the Department of the Mississippi.”
656. R.H. Milroy to his wife, April 4 and April 7, 1862, Milroy Papers, IHS; Adams, A Post of Honor, 152, 161–62; O. R. vol. 12, pt. 3, 828, 833–34; Hall, Diary of a Confederate Soldier, 50; “From Western Virginia—Milroy Advancing,” Indianapolis Daily Journal, April 28, 1862; Reader, History of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry, 161; Monfort, “From Grafton to McDowell,” 11–12; Lang, Loyal West Virginia, 64–65. The vacated Confederate cabins at Camp Allegheny were reportedly left standing by Ed Johnson as a “favor” to the widowed Mrs. Yeager. General Milroy wrote that Johnson had been “courting” her!
657. O. R. 51, pt. 1, 566; Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 321–23; Hall, Rending of Virginia, 439. West Virginia's Constitution was ratified by a vote of 18,862 to 514. The small voter turnout was a topic of debate. Also much debated was a straw poll in several counties on the gradual emancipation of slaves. The results indicated nearly ten to one support for the measure—a surprise to many. See Ambler, Francis H. Pierpont, 172–73 and Curry, A House Divided, 97.
658. McClellan, “The Peninsular Campaign,” 168; Downer, Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign, 24; Dowdey, Wartime Papers, 125–27, 179–81.
659. Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 325; Waitman T. Willey to Harrison Hagans, May 7, 1862 in Curry, A House Divided, 100.
660. Ambler, Waitman Thomas Willey, 77.
661. Hall, Rending of Virginia, 458–59, 463–67, 501; Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, 225; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 818, 882; Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 326. The West Virginia statehood bill originally contained the names of forty-eight counties. Berkeley and Jefferson Counties were added to West Virginia in 1866; Mineral, Grant Lincoln, Summers, and Mingo Counties were added later, bringing the modern total to 55. See also Cometti and Summers, The Thirty-fifth State, 457–58 and Hagans, Sketch of the Erection and Formation of the State of West Virginia, 89–96.
662. McGregor, Disruption, 293–95, 297; Curry, A House Divided, 103; Congressional Globe, July 14, 1862 in Cometti and Summers, The Thirty-fifth State, 352–53.
663. Willey, An Inside View, 112–13; Hall, Rending of Virginia, 469.
664. Congressional Globe, 37 th Congress, 2nd Session in Ambler, Waitman Thomas Willey, 86; Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 327. Ironically, Carlile and Willey had reversed their original positions on West Virginia statehood!
665. McGregor, Disruption, 300; Curry, A House Divided, 10, 108–09, 114–15, 138–39; Cincinnati Daily Commercial, September 4, 1861; Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, 89–90; Smith, The Borderland in the Civil War, 329–30; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 864–65. Clement Vallandigham may have been the model for Edward Everett Hale's Man Without a Country.
666. Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, November 13, 1862 in Ambler, Francis H. Pierpont, 183; Curry, A House Divided, 107–08. Other leading figures abandoned the statehood movement upon adoption of the Willey Amendment, including John J. Davis, John S. Burdette, Sherrard Clemens, and Daniel Lamb.
667. Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 328; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 265; C.D. Hubbard to William Hubbard, November 11, 1862 in Curry, A House Divided, 98.
668. Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 328; Hall, Rending of Virginia, 483; Congressional Globe, 37 th Congress in Curry, A House Divided, 122–23; Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, December 11, 1862; Ambler, Francis H. Pierpont, 184. The West Virginia legislature passed a resolution demanding Senator Carlile's resignation, but he refused to comply. See Hall, Rending of Virginia, 471–72.
669. Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, 76, 79.
670. Shaffer, “Lincoln and the ‘Vast Question’ of West Virginia,” 97–98; Randall and Pease, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, vol. 1, 600.
671. Edward Bates to A.F. Ritchie, August 12, 1861 in Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 219–20; New York Times, June 27, 1861 in Shaffer, “Lincoln and the ‘Vast Question’ of West Virginia,” 88n; Hall, Rending of Virginia, 496.
672. Basler, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 6, 17; Curry, A House Divided, 124; Hall, Rending of Virginia, 485, 490–94; Lewis, “How West Virginia Became a Member of the Federal Union,” 605–06.
673. F.H. Pierpont to Abraham Lincoln, December 30, 1862 in Cometti and Summers, The Thirty-fifth State, 368.
674. Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, January 22, 1876 in Hall, Rending of Virginia, 497–98; Boyd B. Stutler, “Lincoln's Odd Trick,” Stutler Collection, WVSA. Whist is a card game, the antecedent of Bridge.
675. Hall, Rending of Virginia, 496–98, 500, 504–05; Boyd B. Stutler, “Blair Enters Through White House Window,” Stutler Collection, WVSA; Welch, “The Odd Trick,” 139; Siviter, Recollections of War and Peace, 104–06; Basler, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 6, 27–28; Lewis, Second Biennial Report, 201–02; The Clarksburg Patriot, March 20, 1863 in Curry, A House Divided, 128. Ten of the forty-eight counties included within the new state of West Virginia submitted no voting results on its amended constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment preempted West Virginia's gradual emancipation clause.
676. Ambler, Waitman Thomas Willey, 103; Siviter, Recollections of War and Peace, 94–95. Governor Pierpont's charred Bible was later pulled from the flames by a neighbor.
677. Ibid., 106, 108–09; Lewis, How West Virginia Was Made, 334–37; Curry, A House Divided, 137.
678. Lewis, Third Biennial Report, 205–06; Dickinson, Tattered Uniforms, 1–2, 409–10; Curry, A House Divided, 7–8, 53, 76–77, 167–68; Ambler, Francis H. Pierpont, 188. The estimate of twenty-eight thousand Federals to eighteen thousand Confederates in service from West Virginia closely matches scholar Richard Curry's calculation of a 60–40 percent split in favor of Unionists within the state.
Epilogue. Memories and Ghosts
679. Smith, Borderland, 218–20; Newell, Lee vs. McClellan, 266–68, Cox, Military Reminiscences, vol. 1, 145; Ambler, Francis H. Pierpont, 103.
680. Stevenson, Indiana's Roll of Honor, 224; Reader, History of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry, 154; O. R. vol. 5, 229–30, 1046; Skidmore, Civil War Journal of Billy Davis, 92; Baxter, Gallant Fourteenth, 49; Culp, The 25 Ohio Vet. Vol. Infantry, 26.
681. Taylor, Four Years, 17; Van Dyke, “Early Days,” 30.
682. Thomas, Lee, 210; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 91.
683. Freeman, Lee, vol. 2, 541–42; Taylor, General Lee, 32; Lee, General Lee, 126.
684. Ibid., 396; “The Monument to General Robert E. Lee,” 244; Davis, “Robert E. Lee,” 371; Lee, Jr., Recollections and Letters, 376–77; Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 456–57; Thomas, Lee, 380–81.
685. Cox, “McClellan in West Virginia,” 136–37; Benham, Recollections, 689; Cincinnati Daily Gazette, April 1, 1862.
686. Sears, George B. McClellan, 169; Walker, “Jackson's Capture of Harper's Ferry,” 605–06.
687. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 568; Sears, George B. McClellan, 331, 376, 388; New York Tribune, November 10, 1862; Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 177; Waugh, Class of 1846, 519.
688. Guie, Bugles in the Valley, 145; Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, 49; Warner, Generals in Gray, 99; Richmond Times-Dispatch, October 13, 1985.
689. Indianapolis News, Mar
ch 24, 1904, Stutler Collection, WVSA; Hannaford, The Story of a Regiment, 88–89; Sears, George B. McClellan, 421n.
690. Warner, Generals in Blue, 410–11; Reid, Ohio in the War, vol. 1, 348–49.
691. O. R. vol. 5, 669; Warner, Generals in Blue, 30; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 58–59.
692. Warner, Generals in Gray, 232; Griggs, General John Pegram, 92, 114.
693. Lafayette Daily Journal, April 5, 1862; Frame, “David B. Hart,” 73–75.
694. Maxwell, History of Randolph County, 309; Fansler, History of Tucker County, 154n.
695. Warner, Generals in Blue, 260–61; Maxwell, History of Barbour County, 250.
696. Carnes, J.E. Hanger, n. p.; Carnes, Centennial History, 26.
697. Grebner, “We Were the Ninth,” xiii; Reid, Ohio in the War, vol. 2, 72–75.
698. Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 690; Starr, Bohemian Brigade, 356.
699. Warner, Generals in Gray, 152; Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 753, 760.
700. Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 411; Ecelbarger, Frederick W. Lander, 122, 274, 278; Cincinnati Daily Commercial, March 12, 1862.
701. Reader, History of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry, 157–59; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 552; Keifer, Slavery and Four Years, vol. 1, 315–16; Warner, Generals in Blue, 326.
702. Robert H. Milroy Papers, 37, IHS; Obituary of Richard Green in Entrepreneurship Class, A Dish of History, n.p.
703. Elwood, Elwood's Stories, 275; Armstrong, 25th Virginia Infantry, 176.
704. Warner, Generals in Gray, 194; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 492; Quintard, Doctor Quintard, 53–54.
705. Hannaford, The Story of a Regiment, 158–59; Warner, Generals in Blue, 398; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 694–95.
706. Warner, Generals in Blue, 267–68; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, 381.
707. Skidmore, The Civil War Journal of Billy Davis, i, 149, 156.
708. Cammack, Personal Recollections, 21–22, 153–56.
709. Warner, Generals in Gray, 150, 159;
710. Reader, History of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry, 30–32; Upshur Record, December 20, 1917.
711. Siviter, Recollections of War and Peace, xvii, xx–xxiv; Myers, Myers' History of West Virginia, vol. 2, 296.
712. Willey, An Inside View, 190–97; O. R. ser. 2, vol. 3, 813; Ambler, Waitman Thomas Willey, 20n.
713. Hall, Rending of Virginia, 471–72; Curry, A House Divided, 140, 176n; Willey, An Inside View, 208–09.
714. Plum, The Military Telegraph, vol. 1, 105–06; Stutler, West Virginia in the Civil War , 43–48; Christen, “Mrs. Van Pelt,” 23–24.
715. O. R. ser. 2, vol. 3, 218, 753, 775; Brigham, “The Civil War Journal of William B. Fletcher,” 46–47; Hall, Lee's Invasion, 161–64; Lang, Loyal West Virginia, 195.
716. Warner, Generals in Gray, 90, 342; Hall, Rending of Virginia, 192; Ambler, Francis H. Pierpont, 212.
717. Warner, Generals in Blue, 28; Keifer, Slavery and Four Years, vol. 1, 208.
718. “Trainer of Traveler,” 548–49; Deitz, “Ghost of Traveler,” 13–18.
719. Toney, Privations, 69, 80, 122, 124.
720. Lang, Loyal West Virginia, 243.
721. Ashcraft, 31st Virginia Infantry, preface; Cook, Lewis County in the Civil War, 117.
722. Hall, Diary of a Confederate Soldier, 137, 139.
723. Monfort, “From Grafton to McDowell,” 19–20; Bierce, Battlefields and Ghosts, 16–17.
724. Pool, Under Canvas, 49–50. The verse is from “Lines on the Death of Serg't Price and Respectfully Inscribed to Co. A 14th Reg't Ind. V.M.” by “W.H.A. Cheat Mountain, Va. Oct. 6, 1861.” Sergeant J. Urner Price died of wounds received at the Battle of Greenbrier River.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A Member of the Bar. Cheat Mountain; or, Unwritten Chapter of the Late War. Nashville, TN: Albert B. Tavel, Stationer and Printer, 1885.
“Active Service; or, Campaigning in Western Virginia.” Continental Monthly, vol. 1 (March 1862): 330–38.
Adams, Charles R., Jr., ed. A Post of Honor: The Pryor Letters, 1861–63. Fort Valley, GA: Garret Publications, Inc., 1989.
Alexander, Edward P. Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander. Edited by Gary W. Gallagher. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
———. Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907.
Ambler, Charles H. Francis H. Pierpont: Union War Governor of Virginia and Father of West Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1937.
———. Sectionalism in Virginia From 1776 to 1861. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1910.
———. Waitman Thomas Willey: Orator, Churchman, Humanitarian. Huntington, WV: Standard Printing & Publishing Co., 1954.
———, F.H. Atwood and W.B. Mathews, eds. Debates and Proceedings of the First Constitutional Convention of West Virginia, 1861–1863. 3 vols. Huntington, WV: Gentry Brothers, 1939.
Alexandria (Va) Gazette.
Armstrong, Richard L. 25th Virginia Infantry and 9th Battalion Virginia Infantry. Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard, Inc., 1990.
Arnold, T.J. “Battle of Rich Mountain.” Magazine of History and Biography. Randolph County Historical Society, Elkins, WV, no. 2 (1925): 46–52.
———. “Beverly in the Sixties.” Magazine of History and Biography. Randolph County Historical Society, Elkins, WV, no. 13 (June 1969): 59–75.
Ashcraft, John M. 31st Virginia Infantry. Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard, Inc., 1988.
Augusta (GA) Daily Constitutionalist.
Augusta (GA) Daily Chronicle & Sentinel.
B
Barbour (VA) Democrat.
Barnwell, Robert W. “The First West Virginia Campaign.” Confederate Veteran. vol. 37 (May 1930): 186–189.
Basler, Roy P. , ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. 9 vols. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953.
Baxter, Nancy N. Gallant Fourteenth: The Story of an Indiana Civil War Regiment. Traverse City, MI: The Pioneer Study Center Press, 1980.
———, ed. Hoosier Farm Boy in Lincoln's Army: The Civil War Letters of Pvt. John R. McClure. Privately published, 1971.
Beauregard, G.T. “The First Battle of Bull Run.” From Sumter to Shiloh: Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, vol. 1, 196–227, 1887. Reprint. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956.
Beatty, John. The Citizen-Soldier; or, Memoirs of A Volunteer. Cincinnati, OH: Wilstach, Baldwin & Co., 1879.
Beard, Richard. “The Story of a Five-Dollar Gold Piece.” Confederate Veteran. vol. 24 (February 1916): 76–77.
Benham, Henry W. Recollections of West Virginia Campaign, with the “Three Months Troops.” May, June and July, 1861. Private copy. From the Monthly Magazine, “Old and New,” for June 1873. Boston, 1873.
Bierce, Ambrose. Battlefields and Ghosts. The Harvest Press, 1931.
———. Ambrose Bierce's Civil War. Edited with an introduction by William McCann. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1956.
Bird, Jacob. Narrative of Two Perilous Adventures Recently Made into Dixie's Land. Also an Account of Six Months' Imprisonment in a Secession Jail. Pittsburgh, PA: Privately published, 1862.
Boatner, Mark M., III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1959.
Bosworth, A.S. A History of Randolph County, West Virginia. Privately published, 1916.
Brigham, Loriman S., ed. “The Civil War Journal of William B. Fletcher.” Indiana Magazine of History. vol. 57 (March 1961): 41–76.
Brinkman, Charles, ed. “The War Diary of Fabricus A. Cather.” Brinkman's American Wars and Taylor County, [W] Va . Men. Grafton, WV: Taylor County Historical and Genealogical Society, 1988.
Brock, R.A., ed. “The Twelfth Georgia Infantry.” Southern Historical Society Papers. vol. 17 (52 vols.) 160–87. Reprint. Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co., 1977.
Brooks, Maurice. The Appalachians. Boston: Ho
ughton Mifflin Company, 1965.
Broun, Thomas L. “Gen. R.E. Lee's War-Horse.” Confederate Veteran. vol. 6 (June 1898): 292.
C
Callahan, James Morton. History of West Virginia, Old and New. Chicago: The American Historical Society, 1923.
———. Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia. Semi-Centennial Commission of West Virginia, 1913.
Cammack, John H. Personal Recollections of Private John Henry Cammack: A Soldier of the Confederacy 1861–1865. Huntington, WV: Paragon Ptg. & Pub. Co., 1920.
Rebels at the Gate: Lee and McClellan on the Front Line of a Nation Divided Page 39
