Rosalind Franklin
Page 41
Martin, Celia 85
Mason, John 221
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 239
Mathieu, Marcel 85, 87–8, 110
Mathieu-Sicand, Agnes 103
Maurice, Major-Gen. Sir Frederick 20, 41 145
Maurice, Frederick Denison 20
Maxwell, James Clerk 46, 127
‘Mechanism of Crystallite Growth in Carbons’ (RF) 222
Medical Research Council 132, 141, 149, 165, 191; biophysics committee 176; funding 293, 324; report on King’s 187–8, 198–9, 207
Meitner, Lise 83
Mendel, Gregor 119
Mercers’ Company 25, 31
Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare) 9, 10
Merck-National Research Council 158
Mering, Jacques: joint conference paper with RF 237; at Labo Central 87–8, 92, 222; London visits 85, 267; relations with RF 85, 96–7, 102–3, 147, 168, 286–7, 306; and RF’s published papers 105, 110, 145, 168; attitude to RF 105, 168
M’Ewen, Marjorie 133, 318
Miescher, Friedrich 120
Meitner, Lise 327
Milliband, Ralph 261
Mirsky, Alfred 327
Mitchison, Naomi 194
‘Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate’ (Franklin and Gosling) 210
‘Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Aids’ (Wilkins, Stokes and Wilson) 210
Molecules of Emotion (Pert) 314
Montagu, Samuel 4
Montefiore, Harold 98
Montefiore, Sir Moses 5
Montefiore, Myrtle 97
Montefiore, Rosemary 280
Morrison, Herbert 149
Mosley, Oswald 38
Mould, Derek 16
Moulder, Prof. J.W. 293
Mountbatten, Lord Louis 72, 219
Nance, Margaret 106, 150, 176
Naples 141–3
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 289
Nation, The 313
National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council (US) 296
National Carbon Research Laboratories (US) 235
National Coal Board 233, 248, 256
National Film Theatre 260
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis 177
National Portrait Gallery 322
Nature 108, 209, 254; Astbury’s DNA paper 120; Crick-Watson papers xix, 207, 210, 212, 224; Franklin-Commoner paper 245, 253; Franklin-Gosling papers 208, 210–12, 222, 234; Franklin-Watt paper on oxidation in carbon 292; Klug’s articles on RF 325–6; review of The Double Helix 313; trio of papers on DNA xix, 207, 210–12; Pauling-Corey contributions 187, 200; RF’s letter to 106; RF’s obituary xx, 308, 309; RF’s papers 250–3, 269–70
Nature of the Chemical Bond (Pauling) 147
Neuner, Irene (nee Franklin, RF’s cousin) 69, 78, 79, 80, 226, 227, 228
New Statesman 99, 135, 218, 315, 322
New West End Synagogue, Bayswater 4, 5, 14
New York 241, 273
New York Times 90, 308
Newnham College, Cambridge 39–40, 44–6, 48–9, 53–5, 58, 66, 68, 145, 321fn, 322
Newton, Isaac 46
Nicolson, Harold 10
Nixon, Prof. 285
Nobel prize xx, 32, 47, 70, 83, 122, 134, 192, 249, 254, 266, 311, 323–5, 326–7
Norland Place school 15–16
Norrish, R.G.W. 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 82
North, Anthony and Margaret 209
Norway 37, 54
Notting Hill 13–14
Noyes, Alfred 45
Nuffield Foundation 219
Oberlin, Michel 101 , 103
Olby, Robert 178
‘On the influence of bonding electrons on the scattering of X-rays by carbon’ (RF) 106
Ordnance Ministry, France 87, 88
Orgel, Leslie 241, 253
Paice, K.C. 73
Palestine 7–8, ii, 51, 99
Palmer, Mrs 55, 71
Paris 12, 84, 87–8, 90, 92, 104, 168, 222, 237, 291, 297
Passion for DNA, A (Watson) 315
Patterson, A. Lindo 169, 173, 231; Patterson functions 168—70, 178, 183–5, 187, 195, 221, 234—5
Pauling, Ava Helen 186
Pauling, Linus: correspondence with son 186—7, 200, 204; discovers structure of alpha helix in protein 147—8, 187, 192; DNA research152, 162, 177; model-building 147, 159; Nature of the Chemical Bond 55, 147; Nobel prize 254; objections to Watson’s book 311; Pauling-Corey DNA model 188, 190—2, 194, 199—201, 224, 313; politics 171, 176, 254; RF corrects DNA model of 200; and RF’s American tour 234, 246, 247
Pauling, Peter 186—7, 188, 191, 198, 200, 204
Pease, Martyn 236
Pelc, Stephen 172
Pennsylvania State University 233, 243
Pert, Candace 314
Perutz, Max 218, 296, 303, 322; Cavendish crystallography 149, 158; develops isomorphous replacement 259; gives MRC King’s report to Crick and Watson 199, 207, 343n; internment 63; invites RF and Klug to Cambridge 304—5; Nobel prize 323, 324; objections to Watson’s book 312
Philadelphia 242
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 271
Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Cambridge 70
‘Physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special reference to coal and related materials’ (RF’s PhD thesis) 82
Picasso, Pablo 220
Piper, Anne (nee Crawford) 27, 33, 70, 79, 97, 151, 226, 260, 261, 299, 301
Piper, Michael 151
Pirie, N.W. 250—3, 263, 265—6, 268
Pittsburgh 243
Planck, Max 32
polio 297, 298—9, 303
Pomerat, Dr 285
Portsmouth 3, 5
Pound, Ezra ii
Prague 6
Price, William 161
Princeton University 134
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 148, 192, 199
Proceedings of the Royal Society 131, 224, 316
‘Proposed Structure for Nucleic Acids’ (Pauling-Corey) 191
protein 55, 119—20, 151, 153; helical structure 147, 187; in viruses 269; X-ray diffraction of iii, 148, 159
Pusey, Nathan 311
Putney 78, 79, 80
Raacke, Dorothea 288
Radlett, Herts 62, 64, 73
Randall, John Turton 116, 143, 150, 322; changes direction of RF’s research 114—15, 130, 150; head of King’s Biophysics Unit 128, 130—6, 150, 152, 155, 165—6, 176, 186—8, 207, 324; invents cavity magnetron 131—2; letter to The Times on St Paul’s 189, 192, 345n; personality 131, 133; relations with RF 138. 229; and RF’s departure from King’s 183, 212—13, 221; RF’s fellowship to work under 110—ii; rivalry with Cavendish 209; Royal Society lecture 136—7; scientific background 131; and Watson 192—3; on Wilkins’s Nobel lecture 325
Rhys, Jean 126
Rich, Alexander 239, 247, 274
Rich, Jane 239, 247
Richley, Noel iii
Rimel, Anita 220
RNA 120, 182; in TMV 177, 222, 231, 246, 258—60, 268, 269; in viruses 290
Roberts, Andrew 42
Robeson, Paul 220
Rockefeller Foundation 271, 272, 284, 285
Rockefeller Institute, New York 120, 121, 136
‘Role de l’eau dans l’acide graphitique’ (RF) 222
Roosevelt, Franklin 131
Rosalind Franklin Bequest 321
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Herts. 250
Rothschild, Victor 263, 291, 292, 303
Routledge 4, 6, 107; and Kegan Paul 271
Royal Commission on Rewards for Inventors 132
Royal Institution 85, 88, 100, 104, 275, 293, 295, 299, 303
Royal Marsden Hospital 299—300, 303, 305
Royal Society 82–3, 132, 134, 176–7, 219, 326; models exhibited at 225, 295; Randall’s lecture 136—7
Ruskin, John 20
Ryle, John 58
St Louis 245
St Paul’s Boys’ School 25—6, 34
St Paul’s Girls’
School 25—6, 28—34, 39—40, 47, 96, 315, 321
Salaman, Redcliffe N. 333n
Salisbury, Edward 187, 188
Salk, Jonas 297
Salomons, David 5, 12, 33m
Samuel, Beatrice (nee Franklin, RF’s great-aunt) 7, 37
Samuel, David (RF’s second cousin) 227
Samuel, Herbert (Lord Samuel of Toxteth, RF’s great-uncle) 14, 39, 66, 330n; approval of Munich pact 42; High Commissioner of Palestine 7 —8; Liberal leader in Lords 82; spokesman for Anglo-Jewry 271; viscountcy 37 Samuel, Louis 4 Samuel Montagu & Co 4 Sartre, Jean-Paul 90 Saunders, J. Palmer 296 Sayre, Anne 139, 273, 309, 319; anti-Bernal feelings of 173; biography of RF 283, 321; friendship with RF 103, 147, 242; on RF’s appearance 103; RF’s letters to 171 —2, 231, 287, 289, 297; on RF’s relations with men 97fn, 283, 286—7, 306
Sayre, David 103, 147, 169, 173, 242, 273
Sayres, J. 132
Schlesinger Jr, Arthur 50
Schro dinger, Erwin 122—3
Science 199
Science Museum 322
Sciences, The 318
Scientific American 241, 247
Scientists for Peace 219
Scott, George Gilbert 127
Scurby, Mary, see Holmes, M.
Search, The (Snow) 218
Seeds, William 160—1, 165, 166, 183, 209, 314
Seven Daughters of Eve (Sykes) 320—1
Sidgwick, Eleanor 44
Siegel, Albert 246, 277
Signer, Rudolf ill, 114, 136, 155, 156—7, 185
Simpson, Delia 64
Simpson, Wallis 34
Singer, Bea 279
Slater, Sir William 253, 263, 265—6, 269, 272, 290
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York 293
Smith, Kenneth 295
Snow, C.P. 218
Snowdonia 79
Spain 268
Spear, Walter: Ehrenberg-Spear X-ray tube 130, 143, 219
Spooner, Prof. E.T.C. 298
Stalin, Joseph 219, 289
Stanley, Venetia 8
Stanley, Wendell 233—4, 247, 266, 274, 285
Stent, Gunther 123, 224, 280, 317
Stephenson, Marjory 82
Stockholm 147, 148
Stokes, Alec 114, 129, 160, 171 , 184, 325; relations with RF 174; 130, 150, 152—3, 162; published papers 210
Stoutsker, Nina 106
Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge 105, 133
Strudwick, Ethel 25, 31, 39, 41
‘Study of the Fine Structure of Carbonaceous Materials’ (RF) 100
Suez Crisis 289
Sutherland, Gillian 58
Sutherland, Norma 150
Swann, Michael 186—7
Sykes, Bryan 320—1
Tessman, Ethel and Irwin 280—3, 284
‘Thermal expansion of coals and carbonised coals’ (RF and Bangham) 83
Thirty-Nine Steps, The (Buchan) 10
Thomson, J.J. 46, 47
Ticehurst, Freda 133, 137, 140, 156, 206, 212
Times, The 28, 38, 40, 67, 189, 307; RF’s obituary 308, 309
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 229—31, 239, 245, 268; Caspar’s work on 246, 258—9, 269; Holmes’ work on 324; RF’s models 261–2, 275, 293–4, 300, 309, 322; RF’s work on 229, 231, 234, 241, 246, 249, 251–4, 258–61, 269, 285, 303, 308–9, 318; Watson’s work on177, 222, 230–1, 234, 235, 241, 253
Transactions of the Faraday Society 83, 100, 303
Traub, Wolfie 229, 254
Tübingen, Germany 265, 266
Turner and Newall Fellowship 110, iii, 136, 183, 235; RF’s report for 170, 176, 187–8
Unesco 105, 106
United States 233, 235, 237–47, 271, 273–84
United Synagogue 5
University College Hospital 285–6, 292–3, 300
University College London 127, 128, 138
US Bureau of Mines 235
US National Institutes of Health 270
US Public Health Service 290, 292, 296, 299, 304, 324
Vand, Vladimir 243; Cochran-Crick-Vand paper on helices 171, 196
Vaughan Williams, Ralph 30
Vienna 304
Vile Bodies (Waugh) 100
virology 229, 250, 260, 262, 266, 268–9, 290; see also tobacco mosaic virus
Vogue 240
Vrij Nederland 323
Wagner, Richard 9
Waley, Jacob (RF’s great-grandfather) 5
Waley, Matilda (nee Salomons, RF’s great-grandmother) 5
Waley, Stephen (RF’s cousin) 64
Waley family 5
Walker, Richard 315
Wanderer Between Two Worlds (Bentwich) 72
Washington 247
Watson, Elizabeth 143, 163, 188, 194
Watson, James: and acknowledgements 207–8, 316-17; on Bawden and Pirie 250; in Cambridge 158, 182, 262; as celebrity 240-i; and Crick 159, 164, 262; debt to RF 196–7, 199, 210, 212, 223, 316, 320–1, 323, 346n, 350n; DNA model-building 197–8, 201, 202; The Double Helix xx, 160fn, 163, 190, 193–4, 196, 204, 277, 311–15; double helix theory 197, 198; familiarity with King’s work 196, 198–9, 210, 211—12, 314, 316–17; meetings with Wilkins 142–3, 161 , 189; Nature letter xix, 207, 210, 212; Nobel prize xx, 311, 325; A Passion for DNA 315; and Pauling 187, 188–9, 193; personality 159, 182–3; and Randall 192–3; relations with RF 193–4, 240-i, 246, 262, 263, 290; relations with colleagues 182, 187, 194, 225–6; on RF xx, 163–4, 175fn, 193–4; scientific background 142; in USA 223, 225, 240–1, 253, 316; as virologist 177, 222, 230-1, 234, 235, 241, 253, 262–3, 268, 274; work on DNA xix-xx, 142, 164–5, 183, 188, 191–2, 196–9, 201-5, 224–5, 247; work on RNA 177, 182, 222, 234
Watt, James 256, 291, 37
Waugh, Evelyn 100
Weill, Adrienne 81, 84; arranges RF’s post in Paris 85—6; on RF’s emotional life 96–7, 168; RF’s letters to 151, 155, 171–2, 205, 268, 302; RF’s relations with 66–7, 73—4, 75, 83, 84, 90; scientific career 65—6, 88
Weill, Marianne 76, 81, 88
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 227, 229
Wertheim, Margaret 134
West, Rebecca 10
What Is Life? (Schrodinger) 122–3, 132, 142, 158
Wheatstone, Charles 127
Whitney, Mt 278
Wildman, Sam 246, 276
Wilkins, Maurice 111, 114, 129, 144, 160, 268, 281; appearance 146, 158; and Bernal 218; at conferences 141–2,150, 153, 162, 275; and Crick and Watson’s victory 205, 207, 211; debt to RF 196–7, 199, 210, 212, 223; feud with RF xix, 150–1, 154–5, 161, 174, 184, 317; friendship with Crick 153, 157–8, 161, 174, 185, 194, 198, 207–8; as FRS 303; joins King’s unit 132; meetings with Watson 142–3,161, 189, 195–6; model-building 189, 198; Naples conference paper 141–2; Nobel prize xx, 311 , 323–4, 325; objections to Watson’s book 311, 312, 350n; personal life 146–7, 158; personality 146, 147, 158, 159; on Randall 133; reputation 303; RF’s antipathy to 135, 138, 140, 145–7, 148, 275; on RF’s appearance 135; and RF’s assignment to DNA research 130, 137; and RF’s departure from King’s xix, 189, 204; scientific background 146; virology work 290; work on DNA xx, 114, 129–30, 135, 136, 141–2, 150 152–5, 157, 162, 177, 185, 208, 210
Williams, Robley 268, 270, 281, 295
Wilson, Bryon 256, 261–2
Wilson, Herbert 185, 192, 210
Wilson, T.J. 312
Women’s Volunteer Service 60
Wood’s Hole, Cape Cod 239–40, 241, 275, 284
Working Men’s College 20-i, 38, 39, 46, 81 , 145
World Peace Committee 219
World War I 10, 13
World War II 54–5, 58, 67, 70-i; air raids 80; Bernal in 218–19; Blitz 62, 67; D-Day landings 219; Dunkirk 59, 60; Hiroshima 82; internment 63; RAF bombing raids 71–2; technology 131
X-ray crystallography 47, 56–7, 87–8, 105, 120; apparatus 101, 113–14, 130, 143; Astbury diffraction patterns 200; Cavendish meetings 149; Cochran-Crick-Vand theory 171 , 187; diffraction of helices 171 ; diffraction
of proteins 149, 159; DNA photographs 142, 152, 156; Ehrenberg-Spear tube 130, 143; and genetics 158; International X-ray Tables 175; Patterson function analysis 168–70; radiation risks 101, 144, 271, 320; RF’s Photograph 51 of B form DNA 178, 192, 196–8, 201, 212, 247, 316, 340n; RF’s work with 96, 101, iii, 153–4, 221, 308; virus studies 234, 241, 243, 246, 249, 251, 253, 258–9, 268, 285, 291, 295, 305
Yale Review 313
Yale University 234, 246, 258
Yugoslavia 179–80, 226, 260
Zagreb 179–80, 237
Zermatt 297
Zionism 51, 81, 99, 226
About the Author
BRENDA MADDOX is an award-winning biographer whose work has been translated into ten languages. Nora: A Biography of Nora Joyce, won the Los Angeles Times Biography Award, the Silver PEN Award, and the French Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger. Her life of D. H. Lawrence won the Whitbread Biography Award in 1974 and Yeats’s Ghosts, on the married life of W. B. Yeats, was short-listed for the Samuel Johnson Prize in 1998. She has been Home Affairs Editor on The Economist, has served as chairman of the Association of British Science Writers, and is a member of the Royal Society’s Science and Society Committee. She lives in London and Mid-Wales.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors.
Also by Brenda Maddox
Beyond Babel
The Half-Parent: Living with Other People’s Children
Who’s Afraid of Elizabeth Taylor?
The Marrying Kind
Nora: A Biography of Nora Joyce
The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence
Yeats’s Ghosts: A New Life of W. B. Yeats
Praise for Rosalind Franklin
“A sensitive, sympathetic look at a woman whose life was greater than the sum if its parts.”
—New York Times Book Review
“A captivating narrative. . . . Maddox’s biography contextualises Rosalind’s role in the DNA race in a beautifully crafted portrait . . . [and] captures the harshness of the world faced by Franklin and her generation and persuasively argues how it could be successfully fought by a strong mind and a courageous heart even in a tragically short life.”
—The Times (London)
“Thoughtful and engaging.”
—Chicago Tribune
“In this sympathetic biography, Maddox . . . illuminates her subject as a gifted scientist and a complex woman.”