The Bill of the Century: The Epic Battle for the Civil Rights Act

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by Risen, Clay


  Archives

  Center for Jewish History, New York, N.Y.

  American Jewish Congress Papers

  Dirksen Congressional Center, Pekin, Ill.

  Everett M. Dirksen Papers

  Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum, Austin, Tex.

  Administrative History Files

  Horace Busby Office Files

  Legislation Background Files

  Mike Manatos Office Files

  Bill Moyers Office Files

  Lawrence O’Brien Office Files

  George Reedy Office Files

  Presidential Statements

  Reports on Enrolled Legislation

  Reports on Pending Legislation

  Vice Presidential Office Files

  Lee White Office Files

  White House Central Files

  Henry Hall Wilson Office Files

  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston, Mass.

  Robert F. Kennedy Papers

  Burke Marshall Office Files

  Victor Navasky Papers

  Presidential Office Files

  Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. Papers

  Theodore Sorensen Office Files

  Lee White Office Files

  Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

  Emanuel Celler Papers

  Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Papers

  NAACP Papers

  Joseph L. Rauh Jr. Papers

  Mississippi Department of Archives and History Online Collection

  Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Papers

  National Archives

  House Judiciary Committee Papers

  Ohio Congressional Archives, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

  William M. McCulloch Papers

  Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia, Penn.

  National Council of Churches Archives

  United Presbyterian Church Archives

  The University of Buffalo Library—Special Collections, Buffalo, N.Y.

  David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers

  The University of California, Berkeley, Special Collections, Berkeley, Calif.

  Harry Kingman Papers

  Thomas H. Kuchel Papers

  The University of Montana Archives and Special Collections, Missoula, Mont.

  Mike Mansfield Papers

  Wayne State University Archives, Detroit, Mich.

  United Auto Workers Community Action Program Files

  United Auto Workers Special Projects Department Files

  Walter P. Reuther Papers

  Books and Dissertations

  Bass, Jack, and Walter De Vries. The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945. New York: Basic Books, 1976.

  Berman, Daniel M. A Bill Becomes a Law: The Civil Rights Act of 1960. New York: MacMillan, 1962.

  Berman, William C. The Politics of Civil Rights in the Truman Administration. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1970.

  Bernstein, Irving. Promises Kept: John F. Kennedy’s New Frontier. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

  Bernstein, Shana. Bridges of Reform: Interracial Civil Rights Activism in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

  Boyle, Kevin. The U.A.W. and the Heyday of American Liberalism, 1945–1968. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.

  Bradlee, Benjamin C., and John F Kennedy. Conversations with Kennedy. New York: W. W. Norton, 1984.

  Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

  ———. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–65. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998.

  Bryant, Nick. The Bystander: John F. Kennedy and the Struggle for Black Equality. New York: Basic Books, 2006.

  Caro, Robert A. The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

  ———. The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012.

  Carter, Dan T. The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

  Chen, Anthony S. The Fifth Freedom: Jobs, Politics, and Civil Rights in the United States, 1941–1972. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.

  Coser, Lewis A. Men of Ideas: A Sociologist’s View. First Free Press Paperbacks ed. New York: Free Press, 1997.

  Countryman, Matthew. Up South: Civil Rights and Black Power in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

  Crespino, Joseph. In Search of Another Country: Mississippi and the Conservative Counterrevolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.

  ———. Strom Thurmond’s America. New York: Hill and Wang, 2012.

  Dallek, Robert. Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Dichter, Mark S., David A. Cathcart, and Barbara Lindemann. Employment Discrimination Law. Foreword by Norbert A. Schlei. Washington D.C.: American Bar Association, Section of Labor and Employment Law, Bureau of National Affairs, 1987.

  Dierenfield, Bruce J. Keeper of the Rules: Congressman Howard W. Smith of Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1987.

  Douglas, Paul H. In the Fullness of Time: The Memoirs of Paul H. Douglas. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972.

  Eagles, Charles W. The Price of Defiance: James Meredith and the Integration of Ole Miss. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

  Ervin, Sam J. Preserving the Constitution: The Autobiography of Senator Sam J. Ervin, Jr. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie Co., 1984.

  Finch, L. Boyd. Legacies of Camelot: Stewart and Lee Udall, American Culture, and the Arts. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.

  Findlay, James F. Church People in the Struggle: The National Council of Churches and the Black Freedom Movement, 1950–70. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

  Finley, Keith M. Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010.

  Fite, Gilbert C. Richard B. Russell, Jr., Senator from Georgia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

  Freedman, Eric, and Edward Hoffman. John F. Kennedy, in His Own Words. New York: Kensington, 2005.

  Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: Perennial Classics, 2004.

  Gillon, Steven M. Politics and Vision: The A.D.A. and American Liberalism, 1947–1985. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

  Goldsmith, John A. Colleagues: Richard B. Russell and His Apprentice, Lyndon B. Johnson. Washington, D.C.: Seven Locks Press, 1993.

  Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.

  Graham, Hugh Davis The Civil Rights Era: Origins and Development of National Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

  ———. Civil Rights and the Presidency: Race and Gender in American Politics, 1960–1972. Abridged edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

  Grofman, Bernard. Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000.

  Guthman, Edwin O. We Band of Brothers. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

  Guthman, Edwin O and Jeffrey Shulman. Robert Kennedy: In His Own Words. New York: Bantam Books, 1988.

  Hulsey, Byron C. Everett Dirksen and His Presidents. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

  Humphrey, Hubert H The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1976.

  ———. “Memorandum on Senate Consideration of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  Hustwit, William P. James J. Kilpatrick: Sa
lesman for Segregation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.

  Johnson, Lyndon B. The Vantage Point: Perspectives on the Presidency, 1963–1969. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.

  Jones, William P. The March on Washington: Jobs, Freedom, and the Forgotten History of Civil Rights. New York: W. W. Norton, 2013.

  Kabaservice, Geoffrey M. Rule and Ruin: The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party, from Eisenhower to the Tea Party. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

  Kane, Peter E. “The Senate Debate on the 1964 Civil Rights Act.” Unpublished dissertation. Purdue University, 1967.

  Karabell, Zachary, and Jonathan Karabell. Kennedy, Johnson, and the Quest for Justice: The Civil Rights Tapes. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.

  Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. Some of It Was Fun: Working with RFK and LBJ. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.

  Kennedy, John F., Caroline Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. Profiles in Courage. New York: Perennial/HarperCollins, 2006.

  Kotz, Nick. Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws That Changed America. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

  Lichtenstein, Nelson. Walter Reuther: The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

  Loevy, Robert D. To End All Segregation: The Politics of the Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1990.

  ———. The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  Mackenzie, G. Calvin, and Robert Weisbrot. The Liberal Hour: Washington and the Politics of Change in the 1960s. New York: Penguin, 2008.

  MacLean, Nancy. Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.

  Mann, Robert. The Walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell, and the Struggle for Civil Rights. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

  Martin, John Frederick. Civil Rights and the Crisis of Liberalism: The Democratic Party, 1945–1976. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1979.

  May, Gary. Bending Toward Justice: The Voting Rights Act and the Transformation of American Democracy. New York: Basic Books, 2013.

  McWhorter, Diane. Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002.

  Moreno, Paul D. From Direct Action to Affirmative Action: Fair Employment Law and Policy in America, 1933–1972. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999.

  Mudd, Roger. The Place to Be: Washington, CBS, and the Glory Days of Television News. New York: PublicAffairs, 2008.

  Navasky, Victor S. Kennedy Justice. New York: Atheneum, 1971.

  Nichols, David A. A Matter of Justice: Eisenhower and the Beginning of the Civil Rights Revolution. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks, 2008.

  O’Brien, Lawrence F. No Final Victories: A Life in Politics—from John F. Kennedy to Watergate. New York: Ballantine, 1975.

  Perlstein, Rick. Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.

  Poinsett, Alex. Walking with Presidents: Louis Martin and the Rise of Black Political Power. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997.

  Purnell, Brian. Fighting Jim Crow in the County of Kings: The Congress of Racial Equality in Brooklyn. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013.

  The Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: The Kennedy Assassination and the Transfer of Power, November 1963–January 1964. 3 vols. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.

  The Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: Toward the Great Society, February 1, 1964–May 31, 1964. 3 vols. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.

  Rauh, Joseph L., Jr. “The Role of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights in the Civil Rights Struggle of 1963–1964.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  Reed, Merl Elwyn. Seedtime for the Modern Civil Rights Movement: The President’s Committee on Fair Employment Practice, 1941–1946. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.

  Reedy, George E. Lyndon B. Johnson: A Memoir. New York: Andrews and McMeel, 1982.

  Reeves, Richard. President Kennedy: Profile of Power. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.

  Rosenberg, Jonathan and Zachary Karabell. Kennedy, Johnson, and the Quest for Justice: The Civil Rights Tapes. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.

  Russo, Gus. The Outfit: The Role of Chicago’s Underworld in the Shaping of Modern America. New York: Bloomsbury, 2003.

  Scheele, Henry Z. Charlie Halleck: A Political Biography. Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1966.

  Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965.

  ———. Robert Kennedy and His Times. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.

  ———. Journals, 1952–2000. New York: Penguin, 2007.

  Shesol, Jeff. Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud That Defined a Decade. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.

  Small, William. To Kill a Messenger: Television News and the Real World. New York: Hastings House, 1970.

  Sokol, Jason. There Goes My Everything: White Southerners in the Age of Civil Rights, 1945–1975. New York: Vintage Books, 2007.

  Sovern, Michael I. Legal Restraints on Racial Discrimination. New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1966.

  Stern, Mark. Calculating Visions: Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

  Stewart, John G. “Independence and Control: The Challenge of Senatorial Party Leadership.” Unpublished dissertation. University of Chicago, 1968.

  ———. “The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Strategy.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  ———. “The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Tactics I.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  ———. “The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Tactics II.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  ———. “The Senate and Civil Rights.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  ———. “Thoughts on the Civil Rights Bill.” In The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

  Sugrue, Thomas J. Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North. New York: Random House, 2008.

  Sullivan, Patricia. Days of Hope: Race and Democracy in the New Deal Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

  ———. Lift Every Voice: The NAACP and the Making of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: New Press, 2010.

  Thomas, Evan. Robert Kennedy: His Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.

  Thompson, Kenneth W. The Kennedy Presidency: 17 Intimate Perspectives of John F. Kennedy. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985.

  Thurber, Timothy N. The Politics of Equality: Hubert H. Humphrey and the African American Freedom Struggle. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

  Valeo, Francis R. Mike Mansfield, Majority Leader: A Different Kind of Senate, 1961–1976. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1999.

  Warren, Robert Penn. Segregation: The Inner Conflict in the South. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994.

  Watson, Denton L. Lion in the Lobby: Clarence Mitchell, Jr.’s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2002.

  Webb, Clive. Fight Against Fear: Southern Jews and Black Civil Rights. Athens: University of Georgia Press
, 2003.

  Whalen, Charles, and Barbara Whalen. The Longest Debate: A Legislative History of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Cabin John, Md.: Seven Locks Press, 1985.

  White, Theodore H. The Making of the President 1964. New York: HarperCollins, 2010.

  White, William S. The Professional: Lyndon B. Johnson. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1964.

  Wilkins, Roy, and Tom Mathews. Standing Fast: The Autobiography of Roy Wilkins. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994.

  Woods, Randall Bennett. Fulbright: A Biography. Cambridge, U.K., and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  Wright, Gavin. Sharing the Prize: The Economics of the Civil Rights Revolution in the American South. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2013.

  Journal Articles

  Berg, Richard K. “Equal Employment Opportunity Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.” Brooklyn Law Review 31 (1964): 62–97.

  ———. “Title VII: A Three-Years’ View.” Notre Dame Law Review 44 (1969): 311–43.

  Bird, Robert C. “More Than a Congressional Joke: A Fresh Look at the Legislative History of Sex Discrimination of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.” William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 3 (1997): 137–61.

  Birnbaum, Owen. ‘‘Equal Employment Opportunity and Executive Order 10925.’’ Kansas Law Review 11, no. 1 (October 1962): 17–30.

  Denning, Brannon P. “Book Review: ‘Civil Rights and Public Accommodations: The Heart of Atlanta Motel and McClung Cases’.” Law Library Journal 94 (Winter 2002): 141–60.

  Farhang, Sean. “The Political Development of Job Discrimination Litigation, 1963–1976.” JSP/ Center for the Study of Law and Society Faculty Working Papers, 2008. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk6v8sk.

  Fleming, Harold C. “The Federal Executive and Civil Rights: 1961–1965.” Daedalus 94, no. 4 (October 1, 1965): 921–48.

  Freeman, Jo. “How ‘Sex’ Got into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy.” Law and Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 9, no. 2 (March 1991): 163–84.

  Goluboff, Risa Lauren. “The Lost Promise of Civil Rights.” Virginia Law Review 93 (June 4, 2007): 85–103.

  Laville, Helen. “‘Women of Conscience’ or ‘Women of Conviction’? The National Women’s Committee on Civil Rights.” Journal of American Studies 43, no. 2 (2009): 277–95.

 

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