by Tim Jeal
Diplomatic Archive and Africa Archive, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brussels
Nine alleged copies, in a secretarial hand, of treaties with Congolese chiefs purporting to be verbatim transcripts of vanished originals signed by Stanley. One original treaty bears Stanley's signature and is dated Vivi 13.o6.i88o.
Archives du Palais Royal, Brussels
Correspondence of King Leopold II, including Stanley's to the king, many of which are quoted in part by Stanley in his Congo Diaries (CD).
Archives Generales du Royaume, Brussels
Correspondence between King Leopold and Stanley 1886. Eetvelde Papers. Papers relevant to EPRE.
Russell E. Train Collection, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington DC
The unpublished papers of Captain R. H. Nelson, one of Stanley's EPRE officers, including letters from Stanley and to Nelson from Jephson and Stairs. Nelson's letters to his family. Mrs J. S. Jameson's hand transcription of her late husband's papers and Major Barttelot's which he had boxed up after the major's murder. Early letters from Dorothy Tennant to her friend Mary Millais, and several important letters written by Stanley to Edward Levy-Lawson (owner Daily Telegraph).
West Glamorgan Archive Service, Swansea
The Tennant family's papers: letters to and from Dorothy Tennant/Stanley, and her brother Charles Coombe Tennant and her sister-in-law, Winifred. Papers relating to Stanley's marriage and funeral, and to his mother's illiteracy.
Robert Owen Private Collection, Denbigh
Correspondence between Denzil Stanley and editor of Denbighshire Free Press (1954); photocopies of Owen `Morien' Morgan's notes of an interview with Stanley's mother; census info about Stanley's uncle, Thomas Parry, and his wife. Letters from Katie Gough Roberts's father, Thomas, to his solicitor. Local postcard collection, including one showing only existing photographic image of Stanley's mother and stepfather.
Quentin Keynes Collection, sold Christie's, London, 2004
Letters from Stanley to friends and to Agnes Livingstone, also his famous letter `To any gentleman ... at Emboma' 4.08.1877. Several Livingstone letters.
National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth
32 letters from Dorothy Stanley to members of the Hills-Johnes family.
David Livingstone Centre, Blantyre, Scotland
Originals of Livingstone's last diaries, field notebooks, etc.
Baptist Missionary Society Archives, Regent's Park College, Oxford
Stanley's letters to various Baptist missionaries including W. H. Bentley, T. J. Comber, Lawson Forfeitt, and their letters to the secretary of their society.
University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
Stanley's letters to Lieutenant L. Van de Velde in Van de Velde papers.
National Archives and Record Administration, Washington, DC
Stanley's Civil War Enlisted Branch File, CSR Card, Muster Records, Adjutant- General's office records.
Denbighshire Record Office
St Hilary's Church register recording Stanley's baptismal entry. Memorial Scroll written by Stanley in 2866 to commemorate his grandfather, Moses Parry.
Flintshire County Record Office
St Asaph Union Workhouse records, including Stanley's admission and discharge entries. Census and parish records, two Stanley letters. Lucy M. Jones's notes on H.M. Stanley and family.
Brenthurst Library, Johannesburg; Houghton Library, Harvard University; Duke University, South Carolina; Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland Library, Dublin; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
All have a few letters from Stanley and in several cases from Dorothy, and the Brenthurst Library also has a long letter from Livingstone to James Gordon Bennett Jr.
Nottingham University, Special Collections
A large collection of letters from A. J. M. Jephson to his relative, Lady Middleton, describing his time with Stanley in America in 189o-9z and subsequent relations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
r Stanley's publications
How I Found Livingstone in Central Africa (11872)
My Kalulu, Prince, King and Slave (1873)
Coomassie and Magdala (1874)
Through the Dark Continent, z vols (11878)
The Congo and the Founding of its Free State (18 8 5) My African Travels (18 8 6)
In Darkest Africa, z vols (1189o)
My Dark Companions and their Strange Stories (1893)
My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia, z vols (1895) Through South Africa (1898)
z Other publications (see notes for most articles in learned journals and periodicals referred to in the text)
Anstey, Roger T. Britain and the Congo in the Nineteenth Century (1962)
Anstruther, Ian I Presume: Stanley's Triumph and Disaster (1956)
Arnold, Julian B. Giants in Dressing Gowns (1942)
Ascherson, Neal The King Incorporated (1963)
Axelson, S. Culture Confrontation in the Lower Congo (1970)
Bailey, H. (Bula N'Zau) Travel and Adventures in the Congo Free State (11894) Baker, Samuel White The Albert Nyanza z vols (11874)
Barttelot, W. G. The Life of Edmund Musgrave Barttelot (189o)
Beachey, R. `The Arms Trade in East Africa in the late 119th century', Journal of African History iii no 3 (11962)
- The Slave Trade of Eastern Africa (1976)
Bennett, Norman R. Arab versus European: Diplomacy and War in Nineteenth Century East Central Africa (11986)
- A History of the Arab State of Zanzibar (1978)
- Mirambo of Tanzania (1971)
- ed Stanley's Despatches to the New York Herald 1871-1877 (1970)
Bentley, W. H. Pioneering on the Congo z vols (1900)
Bierman, John Dark Safari: The Life behind the Legend of Henry Morton Stanley (1990)
Birmingham, D. and Martin, P. M. eds History of Central Africa vol z (1983)
Blashford-Snell, John In the Steps of Stanley (1975)
Boisseau, Tracey J. White Queen: May Sheldon and the Origins of American Feminist Identity (2004)
Bontinck, Francois Aux Origines de l'Etat Independent du Congo (1966)
Britten, Emma Hardinge The Electric Physician (1875)
Brode, H. Tippu Tip (1906)
Burrows, Guy The Curse of Central Africa (1903, withdrawn after court case)
-The Land of the Pygmies (1898)
Burton, Richard F. The Lake Regions of Central Africa z vols (186o)
Cairns, H. A. C. Prelude to Imperialism: British Reactions to Central African Society 1840-1890 (1965)
Cameron, Verney L. Across Africa z vols (1877)
Casada, James A. Dr Livingstone and Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1976)
Casati, Gaetano Ten Years in Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha z vols (1891)
Ceulemans, Pere La Question Arabe et le Congo 1883-1892 (1959)
Chadwick, O. Mackenzie's Grave (1959)
Chaille-Long, C. Central Africa (1876)
Chavannes, P. de Avec Brazza: Souvenirs de la Mission de l'Ouest Africain (193 5)
Collins, Robert O. King Leopold, England and the Upper Nile (1968)
Cookey, S. J. S. Britain and the Congo Question 1885-1913 (1968)
Coquilhat, Camille Sur le Haut-Congo (1888)
Cornet, R. J. La Bataille du rail (1953)
Coupland, Reginald The Exploitation of East Africa 1856-1890 (1939)
Crowe, S. E. The Berlin West Africa Conference 1884-85 (1942)
Darby, Phillip Three Faces of Imperialism: British and American Approaches to Asia and Africa 1870-1970 (1987)
Decle, Lionel Three Years in Savage Africa (1898)
Doyle, Arthur Conan The Crime of the Congo (1909)
Durand, H. M. The Life of Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall (1913 )
Emerson, Barbara Leopold II of the Belgians: King of Colonialism (1979)
Farwell, Byron The Man who Presumed (1957)
Farwell, Byron Queen Victoria's Little Wars (11973)
&nb
sp; Forbath, Peter The River Congo (1978)
Forrest, D. W. Francis Galton: The Life and Work of a Victorian Genius (1974)
Foskett, Reginald The Zambezi Doctors: David Livingstone's Letters to John Kirk 1858-1872 (1964)
Fox-Bourne, W. R. Civilisation in Congoland: A Story of international Wrongdoing (1903)
- The Other Side of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition (1891)
Fraser, A. Z. Livingstone and Newstead (1913)
Fry, Joseph A. Henry S. Sanford: Diplomacy and Business in Nineteenth Century America (1982)
Galbraith, J. S. Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-1895 (1972)
Gann, L. H. and Duignan, P. Burden of Empire: An Appraisal of Colonialism in Africa (1968)
Gann, L. H. and Duignan, P. The Rulers of Belgian Africa 1884-1914 (1979)
Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan The Public School Phenomenon (1977)
Gauld, Alan Founders of Psychical Research (1968)
Gifford, P. and Louis, W. R Britain and Germany in Africa (1971); see chapter by Stengers, Jean `King Leopold and Anglo-French Rivalry 188z-84'
Glave, E. J. Six Years of Adventure in Congoland (1893)
Grant, James A Walk Across Africa (1864)
Gray, Sir John `Early Treaties in Uganda 1881-g1, Uganda journal xii no 1 (195o)
Green, Jeffrey P. Dictionary of National Biography (zoo5), article on William Hoffman
Green, Martin Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire (1g8o)
Guthrie, Thomas A. A Long Retrospect (1936)
Hall, Richard Stanley: An Adventurer Explored (1974)
Harker, G. The Life of George Grenfell, Congo Missionary and Explorer (1909)
Harman, Nicholas Bwana Stokesi and his African Conquests (1986)
Harms, Robert W. River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Cenral Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade 1500-1891 (1881)
Harrison, J. W. The Story of the Life of Mackay of Uganda (1898)
Hart, James A. A History of the Missouri Globe-Democrat (1961)
Helly, Dorothy O. Living-stone's Legacy: Horace Waller and Victorian Mythmaking (1987)
Hinde, Samuel L. The Fall of the Congo Arabs (1897)
Hird, Frank H. M. Stanley: The Authorised Life (1935)
Hochschild, Adam King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism in Colonial Africa (1998)
Hoffmann, W. With Stanley in Africa (1938)
Hotten, John C. The Finding of Dr Livingstone by H. M. Stanley (1872)
Hughes, Nathaniel C., Jr. Sir Henry Morton Stanley, Confederate (zooo)
Inglis, Brian Roger Casement (1973)
Jackson, Frederick Early Days in East Africa (1930)
Jackson, Peggy Meteor out of Africa (1962)
James, Robert Rhodes Henry Wellcome (1994)
James, William Correspondence of William James vols iii & iv 1885-1896 (1994)
Jameson, James S. The Story of the Rear Column of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition (189o)
Jeal, Tim Livingstone (1973)
Jephson, A. J. Mounteney Emin Pasha and the Rebellion at the Equator (189o)
Jephson, Maurice Denham An Anglo-Irish Miscellany: some records of the Jepb- sons of Mallow (1964)
Johnston, Harry H. The River Congo (1884)
- The Story of my Life (192,3)
Jones, Emir W. Sir Henry M. Stanley: The Enigma (1989)
Jones, Lucy M. H. M. Stanley and Wales (1972)
Jones, Roger The Rescue of Emin Pasha (1971)
Junker, W. Travels in Africa 1882-86 3 vols (11887-88)
Kerfyser E. Henry M. Stanley (189o)
Keltie, J. S. The Partition of Africa (1895)
Lagergren, D. Mission and State in the Congo (1970)
Levy, George To Die in Chicago: Confederate Prisoners at Camp Douglas 1862-65(1994)
Liebowitz, D. & Pearson C. The Last Expedition: Stanley's Mad journey through the Congo (2005)
Liebrechts, Charles Congo: Suite a mes souvenirs de l'Afrique (192o)
Livingstone, D. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (1857)
- The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa ed Waller, H. (1874)
Livingstone's Private Journals 1851-53 ed Schapera, I. (1960)
Livingstone, David and Charles Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi (1866)
Lloyd, Christopher The Navy and the Slave Trade (1949)
Longford, Elizabeth Victoria RI (1964)
Louis, W. R. Ruanda-Urundi 1884-1919 (1963)
Louis, W. R. & Stengers, J. E. D. Morel's History of the Congo Reform Movement (1968)
Lovejoy, Paul Transformations in Slavery (1983)
Lucy, Henry Sixty Years in the Wilderness (1909)
Lugard, Frederick The Rise of Our East African Empire z vols (1893)
Luwel, M. Stanley (1959)
Luwel, M. Sir Francis de Winton: Administrator-General of the Congo 1884-r886 (1964)
- H. M. Stanley, H. H. Johnston et le Congo (1978)
Lyons, J. B. Surgeon-Major Parke's African journey 1887-1889 (1994)
Macdonald, E. A. The Story of Stanley:The Hero of Africa (1891)
MacGregor, R. The Rob Roy on the Jordan (1869)
MacLaren, Roy ed African Exploits: The Diaries of William Stairs 1887-1892 (1998)
McLynn, Frank Stanley:The Making of an African Explorer (1989)
- Stanley: Sorcerer's Apprentice (1991)
Manning, Patrick Slavery and African Life (1990)
Markham, Clements Private History of the Royal Geographical Society (n.d.)
Marston, Edward How Stanley Wrote `In Darkest Africa' (1890)
-After Work (1904)
Maurice, Albert H. M. Stanley: Unpublished Letters (1957)
Middleton, Dorothy Baker of the Nile (11949)
- Victorian Lady Travellers (1965)
- ed The Diaries of A.J. MounteneyJephson (1969)
Moir, F. L. M. After Livingstone (1923)
Moorhead, Alan The White Nile (1864)
Morel, E. D. Great Britain and the Congo: The Pillage of the Congo Basin (1909)
Morris, H. E A History of the Ankole (1962)
Newman, James L. Imperial Footprints: Henry Morton Stanley's African Journeys (z004)
Niccoll, D. J. Stanley's Exploits, or Civilizing Africa (1891)
Oliver, Roland The Missionary Factor in East Africa (11965)
- Sir Harry Johnston and the Scramble for Africa (1957)
- ed Six Unpublished Letters of H. M. Stanley (11957)
Oliver, Roland & Atmore, Anthony Africa Since 18oo (1981)
Pakenham, Thomas The Scramble for Africa (119911)
Parke, T. H. My Personal Experiences in Equatorial Africa (1891)
- Guide to Health in Africa (1893)
Patience, K. Zanzibar, Slavery and the Royal Navy (z.ooo)
Peiris, William Edwin Arnold (11970)
Perham, Margery Lugard:The Years of Adventure 1858-98 (1956)
- ed The Diaries of Lord Lugard vols i & z (11959)
Peschuel-Loesche, M. Kongoland (1886)
Peters, Carl New Light on Dark Africa (118911)
Pond, J. B. Eccentricities of Genius (1901)
Puleston, Fred African Drums (11930)
Reddall, Henry F. Henry M. Stanley: A Record (1890)
Robinson, R., Gallagher, J. & Denny, A. Africa and the Victorians (119611)
Roeykens, P. A. Les debuts de l'oeuvre africaine de Leopold II 1876-1879 (1955)
- La periode initiale de l'oeuvre africaine de Leopold Ili 875-83 (11957)
Rowlands, Cadwalader (pseud for John C. Hotten) H. M. Stanley: The Story of his Life (1872)
Schweitzer, G. Emin Pasha: His Life and Work z vols (11898)
Schynse, A. W. Travers l'Afrique avec Stanley et Emin Pasha (1890)
Segal, Ronald Islam's Black Slaves (zooo)
Seitz, Don C. The James Gordon Bennetts (1928)
Severin, Timothy The African Adventure (11973)
Sherriff, Abdul Slaves, Spices and Ivory in Zanzibar
(1987)
Simpson, Donald Dark Companions (1975)
Slade, Ruth M. English-speaking Missions in the Congo Independent State 1878-1908(1959)
- King Leopold's Congo (11962)
Smith, lain R. The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition 1886-1890 (1972)
Smith, Ronald Stanley in Africa (11890)
Speke, John Harming Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile (1863)
Stanhope, Aubrey On the Track of the Great (119114)
Stanley, Dorothy ed The Autobiography of Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1909)
Stanley, Richard & Neame, Alan eds The Exploration Diaries of H. M. Stanley (119611)
Starkie, Enid Flaubert (1967)
Stevens, Thomas Scouting for Stanley in East Africa (11890)
Stuhlmann, Franz ed Die Tagebucher von Dr Emin Pascha 5 vols (1917-27)
Surtees, V. The Ludovisi Goddess: a life of Louisa, Lady Ashburton (1984)
Swann, A. J. Fighting the Slave Hunters in Central Africa (1910)
Symons, A. J. A. H. M. Stanley (11933)
Thomson, Joseph Through Masailand (1885)
Thys, A. Au Congo et Kasai (11888)
Tip, Tippu The Autobiography of Tippu Tip translated by Whitely, W. H. (1966)
Troup, J. Rose With Stanley's Rear Column (11890)
Vansina, Jan The Tio Kingdom of the Middle Congo 188o-1892 (1973)
Wack, Henry W. The Story of the Congo Free State (11905)
Wallis, J. P. R. The Zambezi Expedition of David Livingstone 1858-63 (1956)
Ward, Herbert A Voice from the Congo (19zo)
- Five Years with the Congo Cannibals (118911)
-My Life with Stanley's Rear-Guard (189o)
Ward, Santa A Valiant Gentleman (11928)
Wassermann, Jacob Bula Matari (11932)
Weeks, John H. Among Congo Cannibals (1913)
- Among the Primitive Bakongo (1914)
Werner, J. R. A. A Visit to Stanley's Rear Guard (11889)
West, Richard Brazza of the Congo (11972)
White, James P. The Sanford Exploring Expedition (11967)
Wilkins, W. H. The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton z vols (11897)
Wolseley, Garnet The Story of a Soldier's Life z vols (119o3)
Yule, H. & Hyndman, H. M. Mr Henry Morton Stanley and the Royal Geographical Society: being the Record of a Protest (11878)
NOTES
ABBREVIATIONS IN THE NOTES
All manuscript entries without identification by me are from the Stanley Archive in the Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale at Tervuren, Brussels. Occasionally, for purposes of clarity, I have distinguished a Stanley Archive document with the letters `Ter' (for Tervuren).
