by Tonya Bolden
63Black men in the army: National WWII Museum, “Fighting for the Right to Fight: African American Experiences in WWII,” http://righttofightexhibit.org/during-war/army.php. Last accessed March 15, 2020.
63Tuskegee Airmen: “Tuskegee Airmen,” Oxford African American Studies Center, https://oxfordaasc.com/page/guest-editorial-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
64Black men in the Navy: Rich Koone, “African Americans in World War II, the Asiatic-Pacific Theater,” Texas Historical Commission, https://www.thc.texas.gov/blog/african-americans-world-war-ii-asiatic-pacific-theater. Last accessed March 15, 2020.
64Black Marines: Anna Hiatt, “Who Were the Montford Point Marines,” JSTOR Daily, June 26, 2019, https://daily.jstor.org/who-were-the-montford-point-marines/. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
64Black men in the Coast Guard: William H. Thiesen, “The Long Blue Line: A History of African-Americans in Coast Guard Combat,” https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/02/tlbl-african-americans-in-uscg-combat/. Last accessed March 15, 2020.
64Army Nurse Corps: Gordon R. Sullivan, The Army Nurse Corps, https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/72-14/72-14.HTM. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
64Navy Nurse Corps: United States Navy Nurse Corps, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy_Nurse_Corps. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
64WACs: “ ‘Efficiency, Skill, Spirit, and Determination’: American Women in World War II,” Friends of the National WWII Memorial, https://www.wwiimemorialfriends.org/blog/american-women-wwii/. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
64WAVES: Christine Heidenrich, “Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service: The WAVES Program in World War II,” Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, September 14, 2020, https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/waves-program-color -world-war-2ri. Last accessed October 15, 2020.
64SPARS: “ ‘Efficiency, Skill, Spirit, and Determination’: American Women in World War II,” Friends of the National WWII Memorial, https://www.wwiimemorialfriends.org/blog/american-women-wwii/. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
65WASPS: National WWII Museum, “The Legacy of WASP Dorothy Britt,” March 11, 2020, https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/legacy-wasp-dorothy-britt. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
9: Her Legacy to Me
67Statistics of FEPC and Black employment: Waleed Shahid, “This New Deal Agency Promoted Civil Rights. Trump Wants to Kill It,” The Nation, June 28, 2017, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/this-new-deal-agency-promoted-civil-rights-trump-wants-to-kill-it/?print=1. Last accessed March 16, 2020.
67Randolph’s letter to Du Bois: “Letter from National Council for a Permanent F.E.P.C. to W. E. B. Du Bois, January 3, 1944,” W. E. B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries, https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b103-i450. Last accessed March 11, 2020.
68Randolph’s Senate speech: “Randolph Lays R.R. Manpower Shortage to Race Bias,” Plaindealer (Kansas City, Kansas), March 23, 1945, pp. 1, 2.
69“been fired from a cannon”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 77.
70“Mama’s face fell . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 78.
70“Always, she’d lived modestly . . . and worn rugs”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 79.
70Dovey’s army pay: “WAC ranks (September, 1943–1945),” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps. Last accessed March 15, 2020.
70“What on earth is this . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 80.
71“groping for some way. . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 80.
71“stimulating . . . to be busy”: March 22, 1946, DJR Alumna File, Spelman, Folder 1940sa, pdf p. 5.
71“California has a peculiar . . . marked ‘for white only’ ”: Vallejo Observer, December 24, 1945, p. 2, DJR Papers, NABWH, Folder 14, pdf p. 12–13.
72“soul on fire”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 84.
10: Shatter the Monster
73“The answer for black people . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 84.
75“As I studied her . . . swallowed me up”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 84.
75“The more I processed . . . ”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 86.
75Statistics on lawyers: J. Clay Smith Jr., Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844–1944, Appendix 2, “1940 Table 13” (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 634–637.
76“so tall and so handsome”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 27.
76Bill Roundtree’s color and work history: “US WWII Draft Cards Young Men, 1940–1947,” 1930 United States Federal Census, Atlanta, Fulton, Georgia; “US, World War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938–1946,” Atlanta, Fulton, Georgia, digital images s.v. “William Andre Roundtree,” “William Roundtree,” and “William A. Roundtree,” Ancestry.com.
76Dovey’s wedding: “Xmas Eve Newlyweds,” Portland Inquirer, January 18, 1946, newspaper clipping without page number, DJR Papers, NABWH, Folder 1, pdf p. 1.
77“the madness . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 88.
77“The more I talked . . . overseas again”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, pp. 89–90.
77Dovey at Wake Hall: “Application for Federal Employment,” stamped September 12 and 13, 1946, DJR Papers, NABWH, Folder 1, pdf p. 3.
11: Of Sacredness
79“Are you registering . . . the male veterans”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 92.
80“either a social engineer . . . parasite on society”: Quoted in “Separate Is Not Equal: Brown v. Board of Education,” Smithsonian National Museum of American History, Behring Center. http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/3-organized /charles-houston.html. Last accessed March 10, 2020.
81“and his band . . . of the cases”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 96.
81“No one forgets the . . . Texas drawl”: “Class of ’50 in Retrospect,” The Bison: 1950, Howard University Yearbook, p. 134.
82“the venerable master . . . made me a lawyer”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 98.
82“earliest understanding . . . thing of sacredness”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, pp. 97, 96.
82“drowning”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 97.
82“mother hen. . . . You can do it”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, pp. 94, 95.
82Women at Howard Law: “Law School,” The Bison: 1950, Howard University Yearbook, pp. 128–130. The other two women (also Black) in Dovey’s class were Ida I. Stephens, who later joined the WAVES, and Romae L. Turner, who later practiced law in Atlanta.
82Dovey’s activities at Howard: “Law School,” p. 129. Her involvement in the Portia Club is found in the 1949 Bison, p. 123.
84“Grandma was limping . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 112.
84Train’s route from Charlotte to DC: Streamliner Schedules, http://www.streamlinerschedules.com/concourse/track1/crescent195008.html. Last accessed March 12, 2020.
85“collapsed on the closed . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 113.
85“They were bruised and bleeding”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 113.
86“All through the whirlwind . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 114.
86Spelman-Morehouse concert: Telegram, December 17, 1950, DJR Alumna File, Spelman, Folder 1950s, pdf p. 8.
86“14 Women . . .”: Evening Star, February 24, 1951, p. A2.
86“busy at it . . . eight months”: Letter, May 15, 1951, DJR Alumna File, Spelman, Folder 1950s, pdf p. 7.
12: A Calling
87“It was, in my mind . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 123.
88“We took every case . . . operation”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 121.
88“a calling”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 120.
&nb
sp; 91“The US Supreme Court opinion . . .”: “Beginning of the End,” Crisis, July 1946, p. 201.
92“That September afternoon . . . to map out the basis of”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 127.
93“undue and unreasonable prejudice . . . District of Columbia”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 131.
94“Today, education is . . . inherently unequal”: Chief Justice Earl Warren, Opinion, May 17, 1954, Digital History, http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1120. Last accessed March 12, 2020.
95“If segregation is unconstitutional . . .”: Angie Maxwell, The Indicted South: Public Criticism, Southern Inferiority, and the Politics of Whiteness (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014), p. 194.
95“The disadvantages . . . unreasonable”: “ICC Bans Segregation on Interstate Carriers,” Dallas Morning News, November 26, 1955, Part 1, p. 1.
95“This is just the greatest . . . American people as well”: “ICC Ruling ‘Frees’ Brooklyn Girl,” New York Age, December 3, 1955, p. 1.
95“spent a great deal of their time . . .”: “Winner Acclaims Decision by I.C.C.,” New York Times, November 27, 1955, p. 84.
96“nobody will shout . . . human power”: Martin Luther King Jr., “Where Do We Go From Here?” August 16, 1967(?), King Papers, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/where-do-we-go-here-address-delivered-eleventh-annual-sclc-convention. Last accessed March 12, 2020.
98“a different person . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 156.
13: Hurting in Every Way
99“To our doorstep came . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 157.
99Vanison case: “Woman Awarded $25,000 Damages,” News-Press (Fort Myers, FL), January 24, 1957, p. 3.
100“as hopeless”: “Julius W. Robertson, Washington Attorney,” Evening Star, November 4, 1961, p. A14.
100“on a motion . . .”: “Girl Committed in Death of Baby,” Evening Star, September 21, 1957, p. A26.
101“Attorney Dovey Roundtree . . . by police”: “Arson Trial Set for 3 Boys,” Evening Star, April 9, 1958, p. B14.
101break-ins: Andrew W. Bingham, “Court Cautions Police on Juvenile Rights,” Evening Star, July 30, 1958, p. B13.
101“ninety-one children jammed . . . ”: Frank Sartwell Jr., “Deplorable Conditions Found on Visit to Receiving Home,” Evening Star, March 16, 1955, p. A3.
102“the order of the day . . .”: Martin Luther King Jr., “A Look to 1964,” Amsterdam News, January 4, 1964, p. 6.
102“an end to poverty and racial injustice”: Lyndon B. Johnson, “Commencement Speech at the University of Michigan,” May 22, 1964, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/great-society-speech/. Last accessed March 12, 2020.
14: Incapable
105“If anyone bothers you . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 193.
105“disgust the white prison guards . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 193.
105“I don’t know nothin’ . . . nobody”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 193.
106“Incapable . . . his predicament”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 191.
106“The crime just . . .”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 95.
106“purposely and with deliberate . . .”: Crump, Folder 1, pdf p. 76.
106“found coatless . . .”: “Crump Indicted in Canal Death of Mrs. Meyer,” Washington Post, October 20, 1964, A3.
108“is not bound . . . 44th birthday”: George Eagle, “Grand Jury to Hear Evidence Today in Mary P. Meyer Death,” Washington Post, October 15, 1964, C18.
108Plea: “Plea of Defendant,” Crump, Folder 1, pdf p. 41.
108“an old stone building . . .”: Burleigh, A Very Private Woman, pp. 255–256.
109“Judge Matthews . . . danger to the community”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 100.
109“In June 1963 . . . of the capital city”: Burleigh, A Very Private Woman, p. 240.
109“explosion”: Dorothy Gilliam, “Mrs. Meyer Urges United Attack to Avert Race Disaster in Capital,” Washington Post, April 16, 1963, p. A17.
110“I held that without . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 194.
110“Release Bid Is Refused in Slaying”: Washington Post, November 10, 1964, p. A47.
110“shrewd move . . . intervening months”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, pp. 101.
111Psychiatric evaluation: “Motion for Mental Examination,” November 12, 1964, and “Order” by Judge Matthew McGuire, November 13, 1964, Crump, Folder 1, pdf pp. 10–11 and pdf pp. 35–36.
111Ray’s transfer to St. Elizabeths: “US Marshall’s Return of Service,” Crump, Folder 2, pdf p. 76.
15: Minister in the Family
112“I was the minister . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 185.
112“not enough...something else”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 163.
113“live out his legacy . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 17.
114“The whole neighborhood . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 185.
114“a long illness”: “Miss Mary Neptune,” Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio), January 14, 1964, p. A2.
114“a million eyes”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 106.
16: No Words. Only Breathing.
115“suffering from a mental . . .”: Dale C. Cameron, January 13, 1965, Crump, Folder 1, pdf p. 8.
115“deteriorated daily . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 198.
115“guards’ hatred...”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 199.
115“Four months after. . . other people”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 106.
116Dovey’s request for information and prosecution’s response: “Motion for Bill of Particulars,” February 18, 1965, “Bill of Particulars,” March 5, 1965, and “Supplemental Bill of Particulars,” March 12, 1965, Crump, Folder 2, pdf pp. 52–53, pdf pp. 41–44, and pdf p. 34.
117“Oh, brother! . . .”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 107.
117“Tall, prepossessing . . . bully”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 108.
118“most Saturday afternoons . . .”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 102.
118“My very presence, I knew . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 202.
119US Court of Appeals ruling: Raymond Crump, Jr., Appellant, v. Sam Anderson, Superintendent, District of Columbia Jail, Appellee, 352 F.2d 649 (D.C. Cir. 1965).
17: Voir Dire
120“foolishness in his courtroom . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, pp. 203–204.
121Jurors eliminated and scribbles: “July 1965 Jurors,” “Jurors,” and Judge Corcoran’s certification of the 12 main jurors and 4 alternates, July 19, 1965, Crump, Folder 1, pdf pp. 12–20, 65–68, and 84.
121Composition of the jury: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 110.
123“influenced their judgment”: “Jury Ready for Trial of Crump,” Washington Post, July 20, 1965, p. A3.
18: Scared to Death
124Hantman’s opening statement: “Opening Statement on Behalf of the Government,” Crump, Folder 3, trial transcript pp. 2–17.
126Hantman’s exhibits: Crump, Folder 1, pdf pp. 21–23.
126Hantman’s witnesses: Crump, Folder 1, pdf pp. 49–53.
126“I was scared . . . going to present”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 113.
127Dovey and Hantman before the bench: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 20–30.
127Corcoran’s talk to jurors: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 30–33.
128“inflammatory . . . your record: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript p. 36.
128“The courtroom was quiet . . .”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 205.
128“If it please the Court . . .”: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript p. 37.
128“There are times . . . opening”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 205.
129“No, I don’t
think . . .”: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript p. 38.
19: Thank You, Sir
130Bradlee’s upcoming move to the Washington Post: “Top of the Week,” Newsweek, July 19, 1965, p. 7.
130“scheduled Bradlee . . .”: Zalin Grant, “Mary Meyer: A Highly Suspicious Death,” http://pythiapress.com/wartales/Meyer.html. Last accessed March 12, 2020.
131Bradlee on the stand: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 41–47.
132“the world’s greatest cross-examiner”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 106.
132Brown Construction Company: Crump, Folder 1, “Affidavit in Support of Application to Proceed Without Prepayment of Costs,” October 20, 1964, pdf p. 44.
132Ray’s work as a paving contractor: “Nab Laborer in Killing of Prominent Artist,” Chicago Defender, October 14, 1964, p. 3.
132“fooled around a little”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 195.
133“city of Washington inside out”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 195.
133“hard, and tough, and angry”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 195.
133“barrage . . . collapse, probably into tears”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 201.
133“shaking and reaching out . . . behind us”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 202.
133“like a veritable sea . . . white women”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 202.
134“unnerved by the racial tension . . .”: Burleigh, A Very Private Woman, p. 260.
134“I sat next to the jury box . . . the jury noticed”: Robert S. Bennett, In the Ring: The Trials of a Washington Lawyer (New York: Crown, 2008), pp. 36, 35, 38.
134Dalinsky on the stand: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 48–52.
135Worrell on the stand: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 52–64.
139Rayford on the stand: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 64–97.
140“With military precision . . .”: Bennett, In the Ring, p. 37.
140“I’d walked each...”: Roundtree and McCabe, Mighty Justice, p. 207.
140Ronsisvalle on the stand: Crump, Folder 6, trial transcript pp. 100–127.
140“Wiggins—a black man . . .”: Janney, Mary’s Mosaic, p. 51.
